Pengembangan Media Tunnel Book untuk Pembelajaran Mengidentifikasi Teks Fabel Siswa Kelas VII Semester Genap di SMP Negeri 26 Surabaya

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi  dari pentingnya penggunaan media pembelajaran dalam proses belajar mengajar  yang diterapkan di sekolah terutama untuk siswa. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah 1) Bagaimana proses pengembangan dan kualitas media tunnel book untuk pembelajaran mengidentifikasi teks fabel siswa kelas VII semester genap di SMP Negeri 26 Surabaya yang dilihat dari tiga aspek, meliputi kevalidan, keterlaksanaan, dan keefektifan. Penelitian ini  menggunakan model penelitian Sadiman yang diadaptasi dengan validasi Sugiyono untuk mengukur kelayakan media. Model pengembangan Sadiman, yakni 1) Menganalisis kebutuhan dan karakteristik siswa, 2) Merumuskan tujuan instruksional, 3) Merumuskan butir-butir materi, 4) Mengembangkan alat pengukur keberhasilan, 5) Pembuatan media, dan 6) Mengadakan tes dan revisi.  Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah produk yakni  media pembelajaran tunnel book. Hasil dari penelitian ini meliputi 1) Proses pengembangan media menggunakan model pengembangan Sadiman kemudian diadaptasi dengan validasi Sugiyono. 2) Kualitas media tunnel book  dilihat dari tiga aspek, yakni kevalidan, keterlaksanaan, dan keefektifan. Media tunnel book dinilai berkualitas oleh  ahli validator baik dari aspek materi,  media, bahasa dan sastra.  Hasil validasi menunjukkan kriteria “Sangat Baik” dengan persentase 80,29%.  Keterlaksanaan hasil pengembangan media tunnel book berdasarkan hasil belajar siswa, aktivitas siswa,  dan aktivitas guru dikategorikan dengan kriteria “Sangat Baik”.  Hasil belajar siswa menunjukkan rata-rata 81,44, aktivitas siswa menunjukkan persentase 86,6 %, dan aktivitas guru menunjukkan persentase 81,81 %. Hasil tersebut juga sebanding dengan keefektifan pengembangan media tunnel book berdasarkan angket respon siswa dikategorikan “Memenuhi”dengan persentase 3,31.   Kata Kunci: Pengembangan, Media Tunnel Book, Teks Fabel

Discrete Dynamics of Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Hybrid Automata

In this paper, we develop an algorithm to compute under- and over-approximations to the discrete dynamics of a hybrid automaton. We represent the approximations to the dynamics as \emph{sofic shifts}, which can be generated by a discrete automaton. We restrict to two-dimensional systems, since these give rise to one-dimensional return maps, which are significantly easier to study. Given generic non-degeneracy conditions, the under- and over-approximations computed by our algorithm converge to the discrete dynamics of the hybrid automaton. We apply the algorithms to two simple nonlinear hybrid systems, an affine switching system with hysteresis, and the singularly forced van der Pol oscillator

Symbolic Dynamics for a Piecewise-Affine System with Hysteresis

In this paper we present the computation of symbolic dynamics of a one dimensional return map of a piecewise-affine hybrid system. The system arises as a simple electrical circuit with hysteresis switching, and exhibits chaotic dynamics. Our method allows us to rigorously obtain a qualitative description of the discrete behaviour of the system. We show how the discrete dynamics changes as a parameter is varied, and we compute bounds for the topological entropy to provide a measure of the complexity of the system

Stability Analysis of Switched-Linear Hybrid Systems

In this paper we develop general techniques to study stability of hybrid systems with linear continuous dynamics. These techniques are based on matrix analysis and study of differentiable manifolds. These techniques operate on the space of switching times of the hybrid systems. Some special techniques for hybrid systems with three dimensional state space are also developed

Hubungan Kecerdasan Emosi Dengan Kecemasan Menghadapi Masa Pembebasan Pada Narapidana

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kecerdasan emosi dengan kecemasan dalam menghadapi masa pembebasan pada narapidana. Hipotesis yang diajukan adalah ada korelasi negatif antara kecerdasan emosi dengan kecemasan dalam menghadapi masa pembebasan pada narapidana. Semakin tinggi kecerdasan emosi seorang narapidana maka kecemasan dalam menghadapi masa pembebasan akan semakin rendah. Adapun subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 50 narapidana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Yogyakarta yang akan bebas dalam kurun waktu 5-6 bulan, telah menjalani masa pidana lebih dari 1 tahun dan berusia 18-40 tahun. Alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah skala kecerdasan emosi milik Oryza (2009) yang disusun berdasarkan aspek-aspek dari Goleman (1999) dan skala kecemasan menghadapi masa pembebasan yang disusun sendiri oleh peneliti dengan mengacu pada teori Nevid, dkk (2005). Analisis data yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik Product Moment Pearson. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya korelasi yang sangat signifikan antara kecerdasan emosi dengan kecemasan narapidana dalam menghadapi masa pembebasan dengan nilai r=-0.639 dan p = 0.000 (

The pgip family in soybean and three other legume species: evidence for a birth-and-death model of evolution

Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are leucine-rich repeat (LRR) plant cell wall glycoproteins involved in plant immunity. They are typically encoded by gene families with a small number of gene copies whose evolutionary origin has been poorly investigated. Here we report the complete characterization of the full complement of the pgip family in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) and the characterization of the genomic region surrounding the pgip family in four legume species. Results: BAC clone and genome sequence analyses showed that the soybean genome contains two pgip loci. Each locus is composed of three clustered genes that are induced following infection with the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, and remnant sequences of pgip genes. The analyzed homeologous soybean genomic regions (about 126 Kb) that include the pgip loci are strongly conserved and this conservation extends also to the genomes of the legume species Phaseolus vulgaris L., Medicago truncatula Gaertn. and Cicer arietinum L., each containing a single pgip locus. Maximum likelihood-based gene trees suggest that the genes within the pgip clusters have independently undergone tandem duplication in each species. Conclusions: The paleopolyploid soybean genome contains two pgip loci comprised in large and highly conserved duplicated regions, which are also conserved in bean, M. truncatula and C. arietinum. The genomic features of these legume pgip families suggest that the forces driving the evolution of pgip genes follow the birth-and-death model, similar to that proposed for the evolution of resistance (R) genes of NBS-LRR-type

A new mechanism for exchange processes observed in the compounds [M(η-C_5H_5)_2(exo-η-RCH = CH_2)H], M = Nb and Ta

Dynamic n.m.r. studies of the exchange processes in the complexes [M(η-C_5H_5)(exo-η-RCH=CH_2)H], M = Nb, Ta, lead to the proposal of a new mechanism involving intermediates with agostic bonding

Characterization of antioxidants activity in a microfluidic channel

Antioxidant is the common designation for substances that have a potential action in the prevention of oxidative stress. The characterization of the reactivity of these substances has attracted the attention of many researchers, with the aim to establish correlations between the intake of antioxidants and health maintenance or to detect early stages of diseases associated with oxidative stress. The measurement of antioxidant capacity of physiological fluids (blood serum, saliva or urine) or foodstuff is currently performed by means of different methods, mostly based on spectrophotometric detection. Voltammetry has gained popularity in this context.[1] Whereas peak potentials are used to characterize the reactivity of the antioxidant, the peak currents (or the area under voltammograms) are used for the antioxidant capacity evaluation. Although voltammetric methods constitute one of the most effective means to monitor the antioxidant electron-transfer reactions, quantitative information is not directly obtained from voltammograms of antioxidants mixtures. The antioxidant capacity is usually evaluated by relative parameters defined towards a reference substance. The significance of this result is limited and cannot be translated in the effective protection degree provided by the antioxidant. In a recent work, we have proposed an analytical method for the evaluation of the reducing antioxidant capacity of antioxidants evaluated by electrolysis (RACE). [2] The oxidation of antioxidants is analyzed in large scale controlled potential electrolysis and its consumption is monitored at the anode by the current decrease. The monitored charge for the complete oxidation of active antioxidants provides a quantitative measure of their ability to eliminate a given reactive oxygen species, according to the selected potential used in the electrolysis. In order to transfer the RACE methodology to a sensor design, electrochemical microfluidic devices were built and tested. Experimental variables such as device geometry and flow rate were optimised in order to achieve a thin-layer regime in mass transport [3]. The chronoamperometric response of antioxidants was analyzed to evaluate its reducing power at selected potentials, according to the nature of the reactive oxygen species whose action is simulated. These results demonstrated the validity of the concept

Genotoxic effects of chromium onpolytene chromosomes of Chironomus riparius Meigen 1804 (Diptera, Chironomidae)

Abstract Genotoxic effect as tested of chronic exposure to three different concentrations of Chromium (III) on polytene chromosomes of larvae of Chironomus riparius (syn. Chironomus thummi) from the embryonic stage to the IV larval instar for two successive generations. In chromosomes AB, CD, EF and G significant differences of chromosome aberrations were found between exposed and control larvae as well as changes in functional activity (induction of novel puffs not corresponding to those induced during normal larval development in arms A, B, C and E, telomeric and centromeric decondensations especially at telomeres of chromosome G and arm C.). No significant differences were found between the effects of the three treatments nor between the two generations. In chromosome G the Balbiani Ring system (where some permanently active regions are involved in transcription of salivary proteins) appeared as a model for studying the response of the genome to Cr (III) treatment. In approximately one-third of the cel..