Seasonal Abundance of Adult and Immature Aedes Aegypti (L.) in Jakarta

Dari bulan Mei 1973 sampai bulan Juni 1974 telah dilakukan pengamatan nyamuk Aedes aegypti stadium dewasa dan larva di keempat daerah kota yang berpenduduk padat di Jakarta Raya. Pengamatan dikerjakan 2 kali dalam satu bulan Daya tarik nyamuk terhadap manusia rata-rata 1.2 induk betina dan 1.6 untuk nyamuk jantan tiap orang tiap jam. Dalam 100 rumah diketemukan rata-rata 180 buah bejana berisi air, dimana 58 buah positif; Container index (persentasi bejana yang tositif) 32 persen House index (persentasi rumah yang positif) adalah 47 persen dan Breteau index jumlah bejana positif dalam 100 rumah) adalah 58. Kepadatan nyamuk baik larva maupun dewasa rata-rata hampir sama sepanjang tahun, (tidak ada perbedaan pada musim hujan dan musim panas), temperatur dan kelembaban juga rata-rata hampir sama sepanjang tahun. hampir semua tempat perindukan terdapat didalam rumah, hingga sedikit sekali bejana diluar rumah yang terisi oleh air hujan dalam musim hujan

Informing the development of services supporting self-care for long term mental health conditions: A mixed method study of community based mental health initiatives in England

Background Supporting self-care is being explored across health care systems internationally as an approach to improving care for long term conditions in the context of ageing populations and economic constraint. UK health policy advocates a range of approaches to supporting self-care, including the application of generic self-management type programmes across conditions. Within mental health, the scope of self-care remains poorly conceptualised and the existing evidence base for supporting self-care is correspondingly disparate. This paper aims to inform the development of support for self-care in mental health by considering how generic self-care policy guidance is implemented in the context of services supporting people with severe, long term mental health problems. Methods A mixed method study was undertaken comprising standardised psychosocial measures, questionnaires about health service use and qualitative interviews with 120 new referrals to three contrasting community based initiatives supporting self-care for severe, long term mental health problems, repeated nine months later. A framework approach was taken to qualitative analysis, an exploratory statistical analysis sought to identify possible associations between a range of independent variables and self-care outcomes, and a narrative synthesis brought these analyses together. Results Participants reported improvement in self-care outcomes (e.g. greater empowerment; less use of Accident and Emergency services). These changes were not associated with level of engagement with self-care support. Level of engagement was associated with positive collaboration with support staff. Qualitative data described the value of different models of supporting self-care and considered challenges. Synthesis of analyses suggested that timing support for self-care, giving service users control over when and how they accessed support, quality of service user-staff relationships and decision making around medication are important issues in supporting self-care in mental health. Conclusions Service delivery components – e.g. peer support groups, personal planning – advocated in generic self-care policy have value when implemented in a mental health context. Support for self-care in mental health should focus on core, mental health specific qualities; issues of control, enabling staff-service user relationships and shared decision making. The broad empirical basis of our research indicates the wider relevance of our findings across mental health settings

Preliminary site report for the 2005 ICDP-USGS deep corehole in the Chesapeake Bay impact crater

First report for the ICDP-USGS 1.7-km-deep corehole drilled into the central part of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater during 2005

A low pH enzyme linked immunoassay using two monoclonal antibodies for the serological detection and monitoring of breast cancer.

A new, simple and sensitive low pH ELISA method has been developed to measure serum levels of tumour associated antigens detectable by monoclonal antibodies HMFG1 and HMFG2. We examined sera from healthy controls, patients with neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions of breast, liver and gastrointestinal tract. The majority of patients with metastatic breast cancer had elevated serum antigens (69% HMFG1, 72% HMFG2) compared to healthy controls (6.3% HMFG1, 3.0% HMFG2) or patients with benign breast disease (17% HMFG1, 4% HMFG2). There was no discrimination using these assays between patients with neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions of liver and gastrointestinal tract. This new method promises to be of value in the assessment and management of patients with breast cancer

Immunomodulation and T Helper TH1/TH2 Response Polarization by CeO2 and TiO2 Nanoparticles

Immunomodulation by nanoparticles, especially as related to the biochemical properties of these unique materials, has scarcely been explored. In an in vitro model of human immunity, we demonstrate two catalytic nanoparticles, TiO2 (oxidant) and CeO2 (antioxidant), have nearly opposite effects on human dendritic cells and T helper (T-H) cells. For example, whereas TiO2 nanoparticles potentiated DC maturation that led towards T(H)1-biased responses, treatment with antioxidant CeO2 nanoparticles induced APCs to secrete the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, and induce a T(H)2-dominated T cell profile. In subsequent studies, we demonstrate these results are likely explained by the disparate capacities of the nanoparticles to modulate ROS, since TiO2, but not CeO2 NPs, induced inflammatory responses through an ROS/inflammasome/IL-1 beta pathway. This novel capacity of metallic NPs to regulate innate and adaptive immunity in profoundly different directions via their ability to modulate dendritic cell function has strong implications for human health since unintentional exposure to these materials is common in modern societies

Structure, stability, and reorganization of 0.5 L0 topography in block copolymer thin films

The structure, stability, and reorganization of lamella-forming block copolymer thin film surface topography (“islands” and “holes”) were studied under boundary conditions driving the formation of 0.5 L0 thick structures at short thermal annealing times. Self-consistent field theory predicts that the presence of one perfectly neutral surface renders 0.5 L0 topography thermodynamically stable relative to 1 L0 thick features, in agreement with previous experimental observations. The calculated through-film structures match cross-sectional scanning electron micrographs, collectively demonstrating the pinning of edge dislocations at the neutral surface. Remarkably, near-neutral surface compositions exhibit 0.5 L0 topography metastability upon extended thermal treatment, slowly transitioning to 1 L0 islands or holes as evidenced by optical and atomic force microscopy. Surface restructuring is rationalized by invoking commensurability effects imposed by slightly preferential surfaces. The results described herein clarify the impact of interfacial interactions on block copolymer self-assembly and solidify an understanding of 0.5 L0 topography, which is frequently used to determine neutral surface compositions of considerable importance to contemporary technological applications

Immunomodulation and T Helper TH1/TH2 Response Polarization by CeO2 and TiO2 Nanoparticles

Immunomodulation by nanoparticles, especially as related to the biochemical properties of these unique materials, has scarcely been explored. In an in vitro model of human immunity, we demonstrate two catalytic nanoparticles, TiO2 (oxidant) and CeO2 (antioxidant), have nearly opposite effects on human dendritic cells and T helper (T-H) cells. For example, whereas TiO2 nanoparticles potentiated DC maturation that led towards T(H)1-biased responses, treatment with antioxidant CeO2 nanoparticles induced APCs to secrete the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, and induce a T(H)2-dominated T cell profile. In subsequent studies, we demonstrate these results are likely explained by the disparate capacities of the nanoparticles to modulate ROS, since TiO2, but not CeO2 NPs, induced inflammatory responses through an ROS/inflammasome/IL-1 beta pathway. This novel capacity of metallic NPs to regulate innate and adaptive immunity in profoundly different directions via their ability to modulate dendritic cell function has strong implications for human health since unintentional exposure to these materials is common in modern societies

Second and third trimester estimation of gestational age using ultrasound or maternal symphysis-fundal height measurements: A systematic review.

Background Accurate assessment of gestational age (GA) is important for managing pregnancies at an individual level and monitoring preterm birth rates at a population level. Objectives As many women first seek antenatal care in late pregnancy, our aim was to assess the methodology of studies reporting equations for estimating GA after 20 weeks’ gestation using ultrasound or symphysis-fundal height (SFH) measurements. Search strategy Six electronic databases were searched for studies published from January 1970 to April 2021. Selection criteria Studies were included if they contained a formula using SFH or ultrasound-measured biometry to estimate GA after 20 weeks in healthy singleton pregnancies. Data collection and analysis Two reviewers and a statistician reviewed study design, statistical methods, and reporting methods using 29 criteria. Each article was awarded an overall quality score, predefined as the percentage of the 29 criteria scored at low risk of bias. 95% prediction intervals were calculated for studies that used recommended first trimester dating to confirm true GA. Main results The search yielded 4209 results. Ninety-seven full-text articles were included in the analysis. The mean quality score was 32% (range 7%–97%). Only 10 articles scored low risk in 18 or more criteria. Their formulas estimated GA using one or more ultrasound-measured biometry parameters and SFH measurements. Twenty-three articles used recommended first trimester dating. A single-parameter formula using transcerebellar diameter (TCD) gave the lowest 95% prediction interval. Conclusions There is considerable methodological heterogeneity in studies developing equations for estimating GA. Formulas using ultrasound-based measurements more accurately estimated GA after 20 weeks than formulas using SFH measurement. While the clinical priority remains promotion of early engagement with antenatal care, we suggest unified standards for GA and growth assessment

Self-build in the UK and Netherlands:mainstreaming self-development to address housing shortages?

This paper examines approaches to self or custom-build in the Netherlands and the UK to offer comparative insights into self- and custom-built housing contexts and cultures, and specifically, the relationships with local and strategic planning arrangements. The paper reviews arguments for self-build as a means to address housing shortages and examines the evidence of completions in practice. It positions the discussion in light of arguments that self-build can become a mainstream source of housing provision. The paper critically considers the role of think tanks in advocating housing policy solutions. Adopting a social constructionist perspective, the paper examines the work of the National Self-Build Association which has devised and implemented an action plan to promote the growth of self-build housing in the UK. Almere, which is located east of Amsterdam, is one of the case studies explored to inform thinking around self-build in the devolved UK. The conclusions tease out some of the implications for democratic and technocratic arguments around self-development and the right to design and build one’s home