Applications of heat pipes to cool PWBS and hybrid microcircuits

Some of the advanced thermal management techniques used to reduce operating junction temperature under extreme environmental temperature conditions are discussed. Heat pipes in actual electronic packaging applications, and those under development, are discussed. Performance characteristics of heat pipes are given, and examples are described of how thermal problems in electronic packaging are solved through the use of heat pipes

Evaluation of the knowledge, attitude and the practice of pharmacovigilance among the interns and doctors in a tertiary level care teaching hospital in Northern India

Background: Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is defined by world health organization (WHO) as “a response to a drug, which is noxious and unintended, and which occurs at doses normally used in man for the prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy of disease or for the modification of physiological function. The objective of this study was investigating the knowledge, attitudes and practices of doctors and interns to ADR reporting and reasons for underreporting of ADRs.Methods: It was a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study. Questionnaires was designed, validated by doing a pilot study, administered to doctors and interns working in a teaching hospital with an ADR monitoring center. This questionnaire was administered to randomly select 500 faculty members, interns and the resident doctors for inclusion in the study, out of which only 209 responded. The study was approved by institutional ethics committee, government medical college Patiala. Only those who gave their consent to participate were included in the study. The data was analysed by using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) statistical software, version 20.Results: Only 20 % faculty members and 51% interns were aware of AMC in our institute. Legal inquiry/action involved for reporting an ADR was the main worry while reporting an ADR for faculty member (68%). Lack of time to report ADR was the main reason given by Interns (22%) and not knowing to whom and where to report was the main reason given by Interns PGs (40%). Awareness of postgraduate residents (90%) was overall better than faculty and interns.Conclusions: There is a great need to create awareness and to promote the reporting of ADR amongst interns and doctors, which will lay a solid foundation for these healthcare professionals to be involved in quality pharmacovigilance

Effect of drying temperature, size reduction, propane extraction, and storage temperature on the quality and shelf life of cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L.)

Cilantro dried at 40°C and 60°C was ground and separated into large flakes (LF), small flakes (SF), and coarse powder (CP) and subjected to continuous flow liquid propane extraction at 21-25°C. Extracted and unextracted samples were packaged in aluminum foil laminate packages and stored in a freezer (-20°C), a refrigerator (4°C), at room temperature (18-30°C) and at elevated temperature (40°C) for a period of twelve months. The effect of drying temperature, particle size, propane extraction, and storage conditions on color (L*, a*, b*, chroma, hue angle, and browning index), volatile composition, and fatty acid composition was evaluated. Major volatiles present in dried cilantro were E-2-tetradecenal, dodecanal, E-2-dodecenal, and tetradecanal. Linoleic acid and linolenic acid were the major fatty acids found in cilantro. While percent oil (%) in samples dried at 60°C was lower than those dried at 40°C, bulk density, volatile concentration, and color values were higher. No significant effect (p > 0.05) of drying temperature was observed on fatty acid composition. Volatile composition was greater in SF or LF as compared to CP. However, fatty acid concentration was higher in CP followed by LF and SF. Solvent extraction with propane lead to a positive change in color values and a decrease in volatile composition, oil content (%), and fatty acid composition. There was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in all volatile compounds, except nonane, with increase in storage time. During storage, color quality and retention of volatile compounds in dried samples was dependent on the particle size of the sample and the storage temperature. During storage the concentration of linoleic acid and linolenic acid decreased in the first three to four months and then became stable. The stability of fatty acids in storage was dependent on particle size, solvent extraction, and storage temperature

Hepatoid carcinoma of ovary: a very rare histopathological finding

Hepatoid carcinoma of the ovary is a rare histopathological variant that has phenotypic properties in common with hepato-cellular carcinoma and composed mainly of epitheloid cells. It presents with unilateral or bilateral ovarian masses with elevated serum α-feta-protein especially in post-menopausal female. We hereby discuss a very rare case of 58 years old female presented with abdominal pain and distension with high serum levels of CA 125 and AFP. She was diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma. CT guided FNAC of omentum revealed poorly differentiated carcinoma and on immuno-histochemical staining cells was positive for CK7, CK8/17 and AFP. The tumor cells were negative for CMA, PAX2/PAX8, CK20 and CK19. She was diagnosed with bilateral hepatoid carcinoma of ovary. This shows that histopathological examination and tissue immuno-histochemical staining plays an important role in distinguishing hepatoid variety of ovarian carcinoma from other ovarian tumors and hepatocellular carcinoma

Effects of In-Store Decorative Elements on Children Shopping Behaviour

Children play a significant role in determining the family's shopping expenses, which is as important as an adult's. However, the research found that having a child companion can reduce positive shopping values due to the child's behaviour. The focus of this research is to understand the effects of in-store decorative elements on children aged between three to seven years of shopping experience. The qualitative methodology using ethnography studies is employed to identify key factors affecting children's emotional and behavioural responses. It also discusses research insight that could help to improve business strategy for children customers. Keywords: Children's shopping experience; shopping atmospheric variables; in-store decorative elements; ethnography studies. eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under the responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning &amp; Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7iSI7.375

Evaluation of antihypertensive efficacy of Losartan + Hydrochlorthiazide versus Telmisartan + Hydrochlorthiazide in patients with stage 1 or stage 2 hypertension: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common contributor of morbidity and mortality in underdeveloped and developing countries including the South Asian countries (including India and Pakistan). Amongst the cluster group of CVDs, Hypertension (HTN) represents the most common cardiovascular risk factor. The aim of this trial was to evaluate of antihypertensive efficacy and effect on biochemical parameters of Losartan + Hydrochlorthiazide versus Telmisartan + Hydrochlorthiazide in patients with stage 1 or stage 2 hypertension with a randomized controlled trial.Methods: This was a prospective, randomized controlled trial of Losartan + Hydrochlorthiazide versus Telmisartan + Hydrochlorthiazide in patients with stage 1 or stage 2 hypertension. The primary endpoint on treatment was analysis of antihypertensive efficacy of these drug combinations. The variables were compared at different time points- baseline, 3 and 6 months.Results: In the present study, 76 patients were enrolled with 38 patients each allocated to each treatment groups. The effect of Losartan 50mg + Hydrochlorthiazide 12.5mg OD was found to be significant on SBP and DBP in both supine as well as sitting position than Telmisartan 80mg + Hydrochlorthiazide 12.5mg OD group at 3 and 6 months.Conclusions: The results on anti- hypertensive efficacy was far better in Losartan 50mg + Hydrochlorthiazide 12.5mg OD group than Telmisartan 80mg + Hydrochlorthiazide 12.5mg OD group

Earliness, yield and bulb parameters of hardneck garlic (Allium sativum L.) as influenced by leaf knotting and scape removal in north Indian plains

The present study was conducted during Rabi 2012–13 and 2013–14 to estimate the effect of scape removal, leaf knotting 4 weeks before harvest and leaf knotting 2 weeks before harvest on earliness, yield and bulb parameters of hardneck garlic cultivar ‘PG-17’ in north western plains of India. The removal of scapes has no effect on reduction in days to maturity, equatorial diameter of bulb, bulb weight, number of cloves per bulb and cured bulb yield as compared to control. The knotting of leaves 4 and 2 weeks before harvest advanced maturity by 12 and 6 days, respectively, over control. Leaf knotting 4 weeks before harvest significantly decreased equatorial diameter of bulb, bulb weight and cured bulb yield, whereas, leaf knotting 2 weeks before harvest caused non-significant reduction in equatorial diameter of bulb, bulb weight, number of cloves per bulb, 50-clove weight and cured bulb yield as compared to control. It is therefore advisable that the practice of leaf knotting may be omitted to save labour charges, whereas the practice of scape removal in hardneck garlic cultivars should be exercised only after studying the response of that particular cultivar to scape removal. &nbsp

MicroRNA-383 located in frequently deleted chromosomal locus 8p22 regulates CD44 in prostate cancer.

A major genomic alteration in prostate cancer (PCa) is frequent loss of chromosome (chr) 8p with a common region of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chr8p22 locus. Genomic studies implicate this locus in the initiation of clinically significant PCa and with progression to metastatic disease. However, the genes within this region have not been fully characterized to date. Here we demonstrate for the first time that a microRNA component of this region-miR-383-is frequently downregulated in prostate cancer, has a critical role in determining tumor-initiating potential and is involved in prostate cancer metastasis via direct regulation of CD44, a ubiquitous marker of PCa tumor-initiating cells (TICs)/stem cells. Expression analyses of miR-383 in PCa clinical tissues established that low miR-383 expression is associated with poor prognosis. Functional data suggest that miR-383 regulates PCa tumor-initiating/stem-like cells via CD44 regulation. Ectopic expression of miR-383 inhibited tumor-initiating capacity of CD44+ PCa cells. Also, 'anti-metastatic' effects of ectopic miR-383 expression were observed in a PCa experimental metastasis model. In view of our results, we propose that frequent loss of miR-383 at chr8p22 region leads to tumor initiation and prostate cancer metastasis. Thus, we have identified a novel finding that associates a long observed genomic alteration to PCa stemness and metastasis. Our data suggest that restoration of miR-383 expression may be an effective therapeutic modality against PCa. Importantly, we identified miR-383 as a novel PCa tissue diagnostic biomarker with a potential that outperforms that of serum PSA