181 research outputs found
PADC nuclear track detector for ion spectroscopy in laser-plasma acceleration
[EN] The transparent polymer polyallyl-diglycol-carbonate (PADC), also known as CR-39, is widely used as detector for heavy charged particles at low fluence. It allows for detection of single protons and ions via formation of microscopic tracks after etching in NaOH or KOH solutions. PADC combines a high sensitivity and high specificity with inertness towards electromagnetic noise. Present fields of application include laser-ion acceleration, inertial confinement fusion, radiobiological studies with cell cultures, and dosimetry of nuclear fragments in particle therapy. These require precise knowledge of the energy-dependent response of PADC to different ion species. We present calibration data for a new type of detector material, Radosys RS39, to protons (0.2-3 MeV) and carbon ions (0.6-12 MeV). RS39 is less sensitive to protons than other types of PADC. Its response to carbon ions, however, is similar to other materials. Our data indicate that RS39 allows for measuring carbon ion energies up to 10 MeV only from the track diameters. In addition, it can be used for discrimination between protons and carbon ions in a single etching process.Project funded by CSIC, Grant No. 2018501082, and by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, project MdM-2016-0692-17-2 via a predoctoral grant of type Maria de Maeztu FPI. Nuclear track detector material and readout equipment have been provided by Radosys Ldt. (Budapest). The authors acknowledge the contributions and commitment of the CNA accelerator operators. MS would like to thank L. Ballesteros and J. Ortiz for their support with precision equipment.Seimetz, M.; Peñas, J.; Llerena, JJ.; Benlliure, J.; García López, J.; Millán-Callado, MA.; Benlloch Baviera, JM. (2020). PADC nuclear track detector for ion spectroscopy in laser-plasma acceleration. Physica Medica. 76:72-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.06.005S727676Kodaira, S., Kitamura, H., Kurano, M., Kawashima, H., & Benton, E. R. (2019). Contribution to dose in healthy tissue from secondary target fragments in therapeutic proton, He and C beams measured with CR-39 plastic nuclear track detectors. Scientific Reports, 9(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-019-39598-0Scampoli, P., Casale, M., Durante, M., Grossi, G., Pugliese, M., & Gialanella, G. (2001). Low-energy light ion irradiation beam-line for radiobiological studies. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 174(3), 337-343. doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(00)00622-4WADA, S., KOBAYASHI, Y., FUNAYAMA, T., NATSUHORI, M., ITO, N., & YAMAMOTO, K. (2002). Detection of DNA Damage in Individual Cells Induced by Heavy-ion Irradiation with an Non-denaturing Comet Assay. Journal of Radiation Research, 43(S), S153-S156. doi:10.1269/jrr.43.s153Gaillard, S., Pusset, D., de Toledo, S. M., Azzam, E. I., & Fromm, M. (2008). Distance distribution of bystander effects in alpha-particle irradiated cell populations using a CR-39-based culture dish. Radiation Measurements, 43, S34-S40. doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2008.03.063Yogo, A., Maeda, T., Hori, T., Sakaki, H., Ogura, K., Nishiuchi, M., … Kondo, K. (2011). Measurement of relative biological effectiveness of protons in human cancer cells using a laser-driven quasimonoenergetic proton beamline. Applied Physics Letters, 98(5), 053701. doi:10.1063/1.3551623Séguin, F. H., Frenje, J. A., Li, C. K., Hicks, D. G., Kurebayashi, S., Rygg, J. R., … Padalino, S. (2003). Spectrometry of charged particles from inertial-confinement-fusion plasmas. Review of Scientific Instruments, 74(2), 975-995. doi:10.1063/1.1518141Daido, H., Nishiuchi, M., & Pirozhkov, A. S. (2012). Review of laser-driven ion sources and their applications. Reports on Progress in Physics, 75(5), 056401. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/75/5/056401Sinenian, N., Rosenberg, M. J., Manuel, M., McDuffee, S. C., Casey, D. T., Zylstra, A. B., … Petrasso, R. D. (2011). The response of CR-39 nuclear track detector to 1–9 MeV protons. Review of Scientific Instruments, 82(10), 103303. doi:10.1063/1.3653549Malinowska A, Szydłowski A, Jaskóła M, Korman A, Sartowska B, Kuehn T, Kuk M. Investigations of protons passing through the CR-39/PM-355 type of solid state nuclear track detectors, Rev Sci Instrum 84 (2013) 073511.Baccou, C., Yahia, V., Depierreux, S., Neuville, C., Goyon, C., Consoli, F., … Labaune, C. (2015). CR-39 track detector calibration for H, He, and C ions from 0.1-0.5 MeV up to 5 MeV for laser-induced nuclear fusion product identification. Review of Scientific Instruments, 86(8), 083307. doi:10.1063/1.4927684Seimetz, M., Bellido, P., García, P., Mur, P., Iborra, A., Soriano, A., … Benlloch, J. M. (2018). Spectral characterization of laser-accelerated protons with CR-39 nuclear track detector. Review of Scientific Instruments, 89(2), 023302. doi:10.1063/1.5009587Xiaojiao, D., Xiaofei, L., Zhixin, T., Yongsheng, H., Shilun, G., Dawei, Y., & Naiyan, W. (2009). Calibration of CR-39 with monoenergetic protons. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 609(2-3), 190-193. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2009.08.061Kodaira, S., Morishige, K., Kawashima, H., Kitamura, H., Kurano, M., Hasebe, N., … Ogura, K. (2016). A performance test of a new high-surface-quality and high-sensitivity CR-39 plastic nuclear track detector – TechnoTrak. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 383, 129-135. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2016.07.002Ogura, K., Asano, M., Yasuda, N., & Yoshida, M. (2001). Properties of TNF-1 track etch detector. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 185(1-4), 222-227. doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(01)00816-3Malinowska, A., Jaskóła, M., Korman, A., Szydłowski, A., & Kuk, M. (2014). Characterization of solid state nuclear track detectors of the polyallyl-diglycol-carbonate (CR-39/PM-355) type for light charged particle spectroscopy. Review of Scientific Instruments, 85(12), 123505. doi:10.1063/1.4903755Bahrami, F., Mianji, F., Faghihi, R., Taheri, M., & Ansarinejad, A. (2016). Response of CR-39 to 0.9–2.5 MeV protons for KOH and NaOH etching solutions. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 813, 96-101. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2016.01.015Jeong, T. W., Singh, P. K., Scullion, C., Ahmed, H., Hadjisolomou, P., Jeon, C., … Ter-Avetisyan, S. (2017). CR-39 track detector for multi-MeV ion spectroscopy. Scientific Reports, 7(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-017-02331-wKanasaki, M., Hattori, A., Sakaki, H., Fukuda, Y., Yogo, A., Jinno, S., … Yamauchi, T. (2013). A high energy component of the intense laser-accelerated proton beams detected by stacked CR-39. Radiation Measurements, 50, 46-49. doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2012.10.009Groza, A., Serbanescu, M., Butoi, B., Stancu, E., Straticiuc, M., Burducea, I., … Ganciu, M. (2019). Advances in Spectral Distribution Assessment of Laser Accelerated Protons using Multilayer CR-39 Detectors. Applied Sciences, 9(10), 2052. doi:10.3390/app9102052Zhang, Y., Wang, H.-W., Ma, Y.-G., Liu, L.-X., Cao, X.-G., Fan, G.-T., … Fang, D.-Q. (2019). Energy calibration of a CR-39 nuclear-track detector irradiated by charged particles. Nuclear Science and Techniques, 30(6). doi:10.1007/s41365-019-0619-xSeimetz, M., Bellido, P., Soriano, A., Garcia Lopez, J., Jimenez-Ramos, M. C., Fernandez, B., … Benlloch, J. M. (2015). Calibration and Performance Tests of Detectors for Laser-Accelerated Protons. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 62(6), 3216-3224. doi:10.1109/tns.2015.2480682Rana, M. A., & Qureshi, I. . (2002). Studies of CR-39 etch rates. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 198(3-4), 129-134. doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(02)01526-4Hermsdorf, D., Hunger, M., Starke, S., & Weickert, F. (2007). Measurement of bulk etch rates for poly-allyl-diglycol carbonate (PADC) and cellulose nitrate in a broad range of concentration and temperature of NaOH etching solution. Radiation Measurements, 42(1), 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2006.06.009Azooz, A. A., & Al-Jubbori, M. A. (2013). Interrelated temperature dependence of bulk etch rate and track length saturation time in CR-39 detector. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 316, 171-175. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2013.09.001Jadrníčková I, Spurný F. To the spectrometry of linear energy transfer in charged particle beams by means of track-etch detectors, Radiat Measure 43(2008): S191–S194, proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Nuclear Tracks in Solids. doi: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2008.04.010.Sadowski, M., Al-Mashhadani, E. M., Szydłowski, A., Czyzewski, T., Głowacka, L., Jaskóła, M., … Wieluński, M. (1995). Comparison of responses of CR-39 and PM-355 track detectors to fast protons, deuterons and 4He ions within energy range 0.2–4.5 MeV. Radiation Measurements, 25(1-4), 175-176. doi:10.1016/1350-4487(95)00066-nSadowski, M., Szydlowski, A., Jaskola, M., Czyzewski, T., & Kobzev, A. P. (1997). Comparison of responses of CR-39, PM-355, and CN track detectors to energetic hydrogen-, helium-, nitrogen-, and oxygen-ions. Radiation Measurements, 28(1-6), 207-210. doi:10.1016/s1350-4487(97)00069-3Henig, A., Steinke, S., Schnürer, M., Sokollik, T., Hörlein, R., Kiefer, D., … Habs, D. (2009). Radiation-Pressure Acceleration of Ion Beams Driven by Circularly Polarized Laser Pulses. Physical Review Letters, 103(24). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.103.245003Kar, S., Kakolee, K. F., Qiao, B., Macchi, A., Cerchez, M., Doria, D., … Borghesi, M. (2012). Ion Acceleration in Multispecies Targets Driven by Intense Laser Radiation Pressure. Physical Review Letters, 109(18). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.109.185006Palaniyappan, S., Huang, C., Gautier, D. C., Hamilton, C. E., Santiago, M. A., Kreuzer, C., … Fernández, J. C. (2015). Efficient quasi-monoenergetic ion beams from laser-driven relativistic plasmas. Nature Communications, 6(1). doi:10.1038/ncomms10170McGuffey, C., Raymond, A., Batson, T., Hua, R., Petrov, G. M., Kim, J., … Beg, F. N. (2016). Acceleration of high charge-state target ions in high-intensity laser interactions with sub-micron targets. New Journal of Physics, 18(11), 113032. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/18/11/113032Ma, W. J., Kim, I. J., Yu, J. Q., Choi, I. W., Singh, P. K., Lee, H. W., … Nam, C. H. (2019). Laser Acceleration of Highly Energetic Carbon Ions Using a Double-Layer Target Composed of Slightly Underdense Plasma and Ultrathin Foil. Physical Review Letters, 122(1). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.122.014803Hegelich, M., Karsch, S., Pretzler, G., Habs, D., Witte, K., Guenther, W., … Roth, M. (2002). MeV Ion Jets from Short-Pulse-Laser Interaction with Thin Foils. Physical Review Letters, 89(8). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.89.085002Henig, A., Kiefer, D., Markey, K., Gautier, D. C., Flippo, K. A., Letzring, S., … Hegelich, B. M. (2009). Enhanced Laser-Driven Ion Acceleration in the Relativistic Transparency Regime. Physical Review Letters, 103(4). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.103.045002Carroll, D. C., Tresca, O., Prasad, R., Romagnani, L., Foster, P. S., Gallegos, P., … McKenna, P. (2010). Carbon ion acceleration from thin foil targets irradiated by ultrahigh-contrast, ultraintense laser pulses. New Journal of Physics, 12(4), 045020. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/12/4/045020Jung, D., Yin, L., Albright, B. J., Gautier, D. C., Letzring, S., Dromey, B., … Hegelich, B. M. (2013). Efficient carbon ion beam generation from laser-driven volume acceleration. New Journal of Physics, 15(2), 023007. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/15/2/023007Dollar, F., Zulick, C., Matsuoka, T., McGuffey, C., Bulanov, S. S., Chvykov, V., … Krushelnick, K. (2013). High contrast ion acceleration at intensities exceeding 1021 Wcm−2. Physics of Plasmas, 20(5), 056703. doi:10.1063/1.4803082Kohno, R., Yasuda, N., Takeshi, H., Kase, Y., Ochiai, K., Komori, M., … Kanai, T. (2005). Measurements of Dose-Averaged Linear Energy Transfer Distributions in Water Using CR-39 Plastic Nuclear Track Detector for Therapeutic Carbon Ion Beams. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 44(12), 8722-8726. doi:10.1143/jjap.44.8722Romo, V., Rickards, J., Espinosa, G., & Golzarri, J. I. (1999). The Response of CR-39 Polycarbonate to Energetic Carbon Ions. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 85(1), 459-461. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a032897Szydlowski, A., Czyzewski, T., Jaskola, M., Sadowski, M., Korman, A., Kedzierski, J., & Kretschmer, W. (1999). Investigation of response of CR-39, PM-355 and PM-500 types of nuclear track detectors to energetic carbon ions. Radiation Measurements, 31(1-6), 257-260. doi:10.1016/s1350-4487(99)00125-
Separated cross sections in \pi^0 electroproduction at threshold at Q^2 = 0.05 GeV^2/c^2
The differential cross sections \sigma_0=\sigma_T+\epsilon \sigma_L,
\sigma_{LT}, and \sigma_{TT} of \pi^0 electroproduction from the proton were
measured from threshold up to an additional center of mass energy of 40 MeV, at
a value of the photon four-momentum transfer of Q^2= 0.05 GeV^2/c^2 and a
center of mass angle of \theta=90^\circ. By an additional out-of-plane
measurement with polarized electrons \sigma_{LT'} was determined. This showed
for the first time the cusp effect above the \pi^+ threshold in the imaginary
part of the s-wave. The predictions of Heavy Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory
are in disagreement with these data. On the other hand, the data are somewhat
better predicted by the MAID phenomenological model and are in good agreement
with the dynamical model DMT.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
A multi-shot target-wheel assembly for high-repetition-rate, laser-driven proton acceleration
A multi-shot target assembly and automatic alignment procedure for
laser-plasma proton acceleration at high-repetition-rate are introduced. The
assembly is based on a multi-target rotating wheel capable of hosting 5000
targets, mounted on a three-dimensional motorised stage to allow rapid
replenishment and alignment of the target material between laser irradiations.
The automatic alignment procedure consists of a detailed mapping of the impact
positions at the target surface prior to the irradiation that ensures stable
operation of the target, which alongside the purpose-built design of the target
wheel, enable the operation at rates up to 10 Hz. Stable and continuous
laser-driven proton acceleration is demonstrated, with observed cut-off energy
stability about 15%.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Measurements of the \gamma * p --> \Delta(1232) reaction at low Q2
We report new p measurements in the
resonance at the low momentum transfer region utilizing the
magnetic spectrometers of the A1 Collaboration at MAMI. The mesonic cloud
dynamics are predicted to be dominant and appreciably changing in this region
while the momentum transfer is sufficiently low to be able to test chiral
effective calculations. The results disagree with predictions of constituent
quark models and are in reasonable agreement with dynamical calculations with
pion cloud effects, chiral effective field theory and lattice calculations. The
reported measurements suggest that improvement is required to the theoretical
calculations and provide valuable input that will allow their refinements
Final State Interaction Effects in pol 3He(pol e,e'p)
Asymmetries in quasi-elastic pol 3He(pol e,e'p) have been measured at a
momentum transfer of 0.67 (GeV/c)^2 and are compared to a calculation which
takes into account relativistic kinematics in the final state and a
relativistic one-body current operator. With an exact solution of the Faddeev
equation for the 3He-ground state and an approximate treatment of final state
interactions in the continuum good agreement is found with the experimental
data.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Lett. B, revised version,
sensitivity study to relativity and NN-potential adde
Measurement of the Beam-Recoil Polarization in Low-Energy Virtual Compton Scattering from the Proton
Double-polarization observables in the reaction have been measured at . The experiment
was performed at the spectrometer setup of the A1 Collaboration using the 855
MeV polarized electron beam provided by the Mainz Microtron (MAMI) and a recoil
proton polarimeter. From the double-polarization observables the structure
function is extracted for the first time, with the value , using the low-energy theorem
for Virtual Compton Sattering. This structure function provides a hitherto
unmeasured linear combination of the generalized polarizabilities of the
proton
Lowest Q^2 Measurement of the gamma*p -> Delta Reaction: Probing the Pionic Contribution
To determine nonspherical angular momentum amplitudes in hadrons at long
ranges (low Q^2), data were taken for the p(\vec{e},e'p)\pi^0 reaction in the
Delta region at Q^2=0.060 (GeV/c)^2 utilizing the magnetic spectrometers of the
A1 Collaboration at MAMI. The results for the dominant transition magnetic
dipole amplitude and the quadrupole to dipole ratios at W=1232 MeV are:
M_{1+}^{3/2} = (40.33 +/- 0.63_{stat+syst} +/- 0.61_{model})
(10^{-3}/m_{\pi^+}),Re(E_{1+}^{3/2}/M_{1+}^{3/2}) = (-2.28 +/- 0.29_{stat+syst}
+/- 0.20_{model})%, and Re(S_{1+}^{3/2}/M_{1+}^{3/2}) = (-4.81 +/-
0.27_{stat+syst} +/- 0.26_{model})%. These disagree with predictions of
constituent quark models but are in reasonable agreement with lattice
calculations with non-linear (chiral) pion mass extrapolations, with chiral
effective field theory, and with dynamical models with pion cloud effects.
These results confirm the dominance, and general Q^2 variation, of the pionic
contribution at large distances.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl
Measurement of the LT-asymmetry in \pi^0 electroproduction at the energy of the \Delta (1232) resonance
The reaction p(e,e'p)pi^0 has been studied at Q^2=0.2 (GeV/c)^2 in the region
of W=1232 MeV. From measurements left and right of q, cross section asymmetries
\rho_LT have been obtained in forward kinematics \rho_LT(\theta_\pi^0=20deg) =
(-11.68 +/- 2.36_stat +/- 2.36_sys)$ and backward kinematics
\rho_LT(\theta_\pi^0=160deg) =(12.18 +/- 0.27_stat +/- 0.82_sys). Multipole
ratios \Re(S_1+^* M_1+)/|M_1+|^2 and \Re(S_0+^* M_1+)/|M_1+|^2 were determined
in the framework of the MAID2003 model. The results are in agreement with older
data. The unusally strong negative \Re(S_0+^* M_1+)/|M_1+|^2 required to bring
also the result of Kalleicher et al. in accordance with the rest of the data is
almost excluded.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables. Changed content. Accepted for
publication in EPJ
Self energies of the pion and the delta isobar from the ^3He(e,e'pi^+)^3H reaction
In a kinematically complete experiment at the Mainz microtron MAMI, pion
angular distributions of the He(e,e'H reaction have been measured
in the excitation region of the resonance to determine the
longitudinal (), transverse (), and the interference part of the
differential cross section. The data are described only after introducing
self-energy modifications of the pion and -isobar propagators. Using
Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT) to extrapolate the pion self energy as
inferred from the measurement on the mass shell, we deduce a reduction of the
mass of MeV/c in the
neutron-rich nuclear medium at a density of fm. Our data are consistent with the self energy
determined from measurements of photoproduction from He and heavier
nuclei.Comment: Elsart, 12 pages and 4 figures, Correspondent: Professor Dr. Dr. h.c.
mult. Achim Richter, [email protected], submitted to Phys. Rev.
Let
Preparation and characterization of micro-nano engineered targets for high-power laser experiments
[EN] The continuous development of ultra-fast high-power lasers (HPL) technology with the ability of working at unprecedented repetition rates, between 1 and 10 Hz, is raising the target needs for experiments in the different areas of interest to the HPL community. Many target designs can be conceived according to specific scientific issues, however to guarantee manufacturing abilities that enable large number production and still allow for versatility in the design is the main barrier in the exploitation of these high repetition rate facilities. Here, we have applied MEMS based manufacturing processes for this purpose. In particular, we have focused on the fabrication and characterization of submicrometric conductive membranes embedded in a silicon frame. These kinds of solid targets are used for laser-driven particle acceleration through the so-called Target Normal Sheath Acceleration mechanism (TNSA). They were obtained by top-down fabrication alternating pattern transfer, atomic layer deposition, and selective material etching. The adaptability of the approach is then analyzed and discussed by evaluating different properties of targets for use in laser-driven particle acceleration experiments. These characteristics include the surface properties of membranes after fabrication and the high density of the target array. Finally, we were able to show their efficiency for laser-driven proton acceleration in a series of experiments with a 3 TW table-top laser facility, achieving stable proton acceleration up to 2 MeV.The authors highly appreciate the collaboration of Radosys (Budapest) which provided CR-39 detector material, etching bath, and readout equipment. This project has been financed by the Spanish Ministry for Economy and Competitiveness within the Retos-Colaboracion 2015 initiative, ref. RTC-2015-3278-1. P. Mur has received a grant of the Garantia Juvenil 2015 program. This work has made use of the Spanish ICTS Network MICRONANOFABS partially supported by MEINCOM.Zaffino, R.; Seimetz, M.; Quirión, D.; Ruiz-De La Cruz, A.; Sánchez, I.; Mur, P.; Benlliure, J.... (2018). Preparation and characterization of micro-nano engineered targets for high-power laser experiments. Microelectronic Engineering. 194:67-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2018.03.011S677019
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