34 research outputs found

    Fachdidaktische Unterrichtsvignetten in Forschung und Lehre: Überblick ĂŒber Forschungsarbeiten und Einsatzmöglichkeiten

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    Verschiedene Einsatzmöglichkeiten von fachdidaktischen Unterrichtsvignetten in der empirischen Bildungsforschung sowie in der Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung werden vorgestellt. Dabei wird auf die Verwendung von Unterrichtsvignetten als Testaufgaben sowie als Materialien zur Ausbildung professioneller Kompetenzen von (angehenden) LehrkrĂ€ften fokussiert. Nach der Darstellung der Konstruktionsprinzipien sowie der PrĂ€sentationsformate fĂŒr Unterrichtsvignetten werden methodische Implikationen zur statistischen Auswertung von vignettenbasierten Testverfahren diskutiert.&nbsp

    Relationierung von Theorie und Praxis im Zusammenhang mit unterrichtlichem Handeln: Befunde aus der zweiten Phase der Lehrerinnen und Lehrerbildung

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    Das Theorie-Praxis-VerhÀltnis spielt eine zentrale Rolle in der Lehrerinnen und Lehrerbildung. Ausgehend davon, dass angehende LehrkrÀfte wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse und schulpraktische Erfahrungen in Beziehung setzen sollen, untersucht die vorliegende Studie, inwiefern diese Relationierung Inhalt von Seminaren im Vorbereitungsdienst ist und mit dem Unterricht der angehenden LehrkrÀfte korreliert. Die Daten von 541 Befragten zeigen Unterschiede in der wahrgenommenen Relationierung von Theorie und Praxis. Personen, die eine stÀrkere Relationierung in Seminaren berichteten, weisen höhere AusprÀgungen in QualitÀtsmerkmalen des Unterrichts auf. Die Befunde untermauern die Relevanz, im Vorbereitungsdienst schulpraktische Erfahrungen mit wissenschaftlichen Perspektiven zu verbinden.&nbsp

    PVP2008-61026 A MESH INDEPENDENT GTN DAMAGE MODEL AND ITS APPLICATION IN SIMULATION OF DUCTILE FRACTURE BEHAVIOUR

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    ABSTRACT Ductile fracture process involves the typical stages of nucleation, growth and coalescence of voids in the micro-scale. In order to take the effects of these voids on the stress carrying capability of a mechanical continuum during simulation, damage mechanics models, such as those of Rousselier and GursonTvergaard-Needleman (GTN) are widely used. These have been highly successful in simulating the fracture resistance behaviour of different specimens and components made of a wide spectrum of engineering steels. However, apart from the material parameters, a characteristic length parameter has to be used as a measure of the size of the discretisation in the zone of crack propagation. This inherent limitation of these local damage models prevents them from simulating the stress distribution near the sharp stress gradients satisfactorily, especially at transition temperature regime. There have been efforts in literature to overcome the effect of mesh-dependency by development of nonlocal and gradient damage models. A nonlocal measure (weighted average of a quantity over a characteristics volume) of damage is usually used in the material constitutive equation. In this paper, the authors have extended the GTN model to its nonlocal form using damage parameter ' d ' as a degree of freedom in the finite element (FE) formulation. The evolution of the nonlocal damage is related to the actual void volume faction ' ' in ductile fracture using a diffusion type equation. The coupled mechanical equilibrium and damage diffusion equations have been discretised using FE method. In order to demonstrate the mesh independent nature of the new formulation, a standard fracture mechanics specimen (i.e., 1T compact tension) has been analysed using different mesh sizes near the crack tip and the results have been compared with those of experiment. The results of the nonlocal model have also been compared with those of the local model. The effect of different GTN parameters on the fracture resistance behaviour of this specimen has been studied for the nonlocal model and these results have been compared with those of experiment

    Fuel taxation, emissions policy, and competitive advantage in the diffusion of European diesel automobiles

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    Economic integration agreements have significantly decreased import tariffs. We investigate whether national policies can be an effective replacement for tariffs to protect domestic industry. We show that (a) European fuel taxes and vehicle emissions policy favored diesel vehicles, a technology popular with European consumers but largely offered only by domestic automakers; (b) European automakers benefited from pro‐diesel fuel taxes and a lenient NOx emissions policy to earn significant profits from diesel cars; and (c) that both policies amounted to significant nontariff trade policies equivalent to an import tariff between two to three times the official rate

    Untersuchungen zur Beschreibung des Versagensverhaltens mit Hilfe von Schaedigungsmodellen am Beispiel des Werkstoffes 20 MnMoNi 5 5

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    Die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit durchgefuehrten metallographischen Untersuchungen zeigen, dass beim Stahl 20 MnMoNi 5 5 die Bruchentstehung in drei Phasen gegliedert werden kann: 1. Entstehung von Hohlraeumen an in der Regel kugelfoermigen Mangansulfiden, 2. Wachstum der Hohlraeume, 3. Koaleszenz der Hohlraeume (Ausbildung von Scherbaendern und kleinen Sekundaerhohlraeumen). Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit war diese drei Phasen der Bruchentstehung mit Hilfe von Schaedigungsmodellen zu beschreiben, um daraus das makroskopische Verformungs-und Bruchverhalten von Strukturen zu berechnen. Fuer die Schaedigungsmodelle von Beremin, Argon, 'Rice und Tracey' und Rousselier wurden die zur Beschreibung des Versagensvorganges benoetigten Parameter mit verschiedenen Verfahren bestimmt. Es stellte sich heraus, dass es nur mit der modifizierten Schaedigungsmodellkombination Beremin/Rousselier moeglich war, den gesamten Versagensablauf (Hoechstlast, Bruchlast, stabiles Risswachstum etc.) von bauteilaehnlichen Proben groessen- und geometrieunabhaengig zu berechnen. (orig./MM)The metallographical investigations performed within the frame of this work show that the crack propagation in steel 20 MnMoNi 5 5 can be described by three phases: 1. Formation of cavities at most frequently spherical manganese sulphides, 2. growth of cavities, 3. coalescence of the cavities (formation of shear bands and small secondary cavities). The main object of this work was to describe these three phases of crack propagation with the aid of damage models for, calculating therefrom the macroscopical deformation and cracking behaviour of structures. For the damage models of Beremin, Argon, ''Rice and Tracey'' and Rousselier, the parameters necessary for the description of the failure process were determined with different methods. It turned out that it was possible to calculate the whole failure process of component-adequate specimens independent of dimensions and geometry (maximum load, crack load, stable crack growth etc.) only with a modified combination of damage models of Beremin/Rousselier. (orig./MM)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: H93B1929 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

    Cannabis Analysis I: What’s in a Cannabis Gummy Bear?

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    A better question may be “What’s on a Cannabis Gummy Bear?” The widespread legalization of cannabis (Cannabis Sativa L.) in the US at the state level has spawned the production of a wide variety of consumer products containing chemical constituents derived from the cannabis plant. These compounds are typically extracted from the plant by various means and formulated into both edible and non-edible products. The main classes of compounds found in consumer products are cannabinoids, terpenes, and terpenoids. Over time, public acceptance has grown for the use of gelatin-based products (i.e., gummies) as oral delivery vehicles for vitamins, supplements, and drugs. Cannabis gummies are no exception. Cannabis gummies are formulated in two basic ways: infused with cannabis extracts during the compounding process or coated with the extracts in a final step after the gummy has formed. Chemical analysis of any finished product requires analytical laboratories to break down the product matrix to release the compounds which may be bound strongly to matrix components within the product. Since gummies are formulated with water, it is common practice to re-dissolve the gummy in an excess of water and then analyze the aqueous solution directly or extract the solution with a suitable organic solvent. The focus of this work was to determine an efficient means of extracting cannabidiol (CBD) in a variety of gummy products followed by analyses using Gas Chromatography - Electron Impact - Mass Spectrometry (GC-EI-MS). Ultimately, we determined that CBD coated gummies could be extracted directly with organic solvents, without the need for initial dissolution in water

    Screening auf FrĂŒhgeburtlichkeit und PrĂ€eklampsie: Was ist evidenzbasiert - wohin kann der Weg fĂŒhren?

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    Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: FrĂŒhgeburtlichkeit und PrĂ€eklampsie sind weiterhin große Herausforderungen, da es trotz intensiver BemĂŒhungen in der PrimĂ€r- und SekundĂ€rprĂ€vention zu keiner wesentlichen Senkung der PrĂ€valenz und der damit verbundenen maternalen wie fetalen MorbiditĂ€t und MortalitĂ€t gekommen ist. Fragestellung: Ist ein Screening zur Senkung der FrĂŒhgeburten- und PrĂ€eklampsierate angezeigt, und wie könnte es kĂŒnftig aussehen, um diese Rate dauerhaft zu senken? Ergebnisse: Die Literatur zeigt, dass aktuell ein Screening auf PrĂ€eklampsie, sei es mittels Biomarkern oder in Kombination mit dem Dopplerultraschall, die Richtlinien eines Screenings weder im ersten noch im zweiten Trimenon erfĂŒllen. Auch im Hinblick auf FrĂŒhgeburtlichkeit kann kein allgemeines Screening mittels transvaginaler Zervixsonographie und/oder Testung auf fFN (fetales Fibronektin) empfohlen werden. Diskussion: Wegen fehlender evidenzbasierter Daten zum Screening auf FrĂŒhgeburtlichkeit und PrĂ€eklampsie wird weitere Forschung angemahnt. Die o.g. PrĂ€diktionsmarker sind jedoch weiterhin sehr wirksam einzusetzen bei Risiko- bzw. symptomatischen Patientinnen

    Assembly and Component Origin Effects:An ASEAN Consumer Perspective

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    Purpose – Set in the newly emerging hybrid product research stream, and reflecting trends towards multi-national production and sourcing, this paper aims to present a three-country study on perceived quality and image of automobiles “made in and for” Southeast Asia. Design/methodology/approach – The authors used a multiple cue design in the stimulus definition, reflecting assembly and component origin plus warranty level. Actual car owners were targeted, thereby adding to a relatively low number of studies requiring actual prior purchase. The related face-to-face interviews in the local languages resulted in 720 usable questionnaires. Findings – Country-of-assembly is shown to affect perceived quality as well as perceived image. Warranty extension can moderate the quality effects to some extent, whilst buyers of luxury models display a smaller positive home bias in terms of perceived image than those of non-luxury models. Such home region bias is not demonstrated to be significant for country-of-components. Research limitations/implications – The paper contributes towards ongoing theory-building, especially with regards to an optimum level of origin cue decomposition. It also establishes the importance of adding image perception measurement to the arsenal of origin researchers normally focused on quality effects. Practical implications – Managers need to make strategic decisions on the decomposition of product origin cues, reflecting consumers' abilities to notice several such cues. The selected product origin cues must then be supported with appropriate communications strategies. Originality/value – For the first time, origin effects are demonstrated for the Southeast Asia region. The paper establishes the significance of country-of-target and contributes to research on the ever more complex product origin construct.</p
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