Growth of subharmonic functions of order greater than half

In this paper we shall study the growth and asymptotic behaviour of sub-harmonic functions of order greater than half near Pólya peaks. In some way our result is a generalization of Paley\'s conjecture. The method employed is a non-asymptotic via a normal family of subharmonic functions. Key words/phrases: Order, Pólya peaks, star function, subharmonicSINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science Vol. 27 (2) 2004: 93-9

An investigation into factors that affect students' listening comprehension: the case of Jimma CTE English major students

The purpose of this study was to describe and explore factors affecting students' listening comprehension. The study assessed both linguistic and non-linguistic factors. It was a descriptive study in which data were obtained through both quantitative and qualitative methods. The participants of the study were first year English major students of Jimma College of Teachers Education (Jimma CTE); 46 students who were taking the course 'listening skills' were selected to take part in the study. Data were collected using closed-ended questionnaire, semi-structured interview, observation and content analysis. The data obtained through the questionnaire were analyzed quantitatively. The data gathered through interview and observation were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively.Contentanalysis was analyzed qualitatively. The study identified linguistics related factors such as pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar to have influence on students' listening comprehension. Therefore, it is recommended that the listening teacher and lor material developers are required to select listening texts composed of appropriate level linguistic elements such as pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. It is also found out that non -linguistics factors in relation to the listener, speaker, listening texts and tasks, listening practice and timing to have impact on the learners' listening comprehension. Thus,the instructor is needed to make aware and encourage students to use listening strategies during their practice of listening and should advise them not to feel worried and to keep on practicing even if they face difficulties in their listening. The instructor should read aloud or present audio tapes having appropriate speedand should not expose students to native accents until they become acquainted enough with the target language pronunciation. The listening instructor and lor material developers are required to select listening texts that are interesting and with appropriate length and conceptual difficulty and arerecommended to designappropriate listening tasks with respect to length and level of difficulty and different types of tasks and pre-listening activities need to be incorporated in the listening materials and finally, the listening instructor is required to provide sufficient opportunities and time for the students to practice their listening comprehension.Jimma Universit

Critical Solutions for Critical Problems: Threats to Sustainable Use and Management of Nech Sar National Park (NSNP): Ethiopia

In flawless speaking, National parks are considered as most important instrument for the conservation and protection of biodiversity, particularly for rehabilitation of critically endangered species in Ethiopia. However, the management of most of the national parks is threatened by complex socioeconomic and political factors. This paper, thus, was designed to assess the socio-economic and political factors that threaten the management of Nech Sar National Park. Document analysis; previously conducted empirical research and d reports were utilized as main sources of data. Apart this, interview and personal observation were applied as tool to generate supplementary data. The analysis indicates that there are enormous socioeconomic and political factors that limit and challenge the management and sustainable use of the park: using of the park as primary source of livelihood : using it as grazing land, expansion of agriculture, establishment of settlement, and investment center are the most important factors that are threatening  and challenging the management of the park., conflict of interests, lack of political commitment, lack of clear demarcations, and capacity problems were also other factors that constraint the sustainability of the park. Therefore, in order to use the park for its primary management objectives, overcome the chronic threats of the management, and reap the benefits in a sustainable way, all stakeholders should work hand in hand rather than starving to meet its own individual interest with the expense of the park and its objectives. Keywords: Park Management, Threats and NSN

Determinants of Business Linkage Between Medium-Small and Large Business Enterprises in Manufacturing Sector: The Case of Kombolcha City

The Medium and Small Enterprises (MSE) sector in Ethiopia is faced with many challenges and constraints including business linkages with large enterprises. Business linkages give MSEs the opportunity to participate as suppliers, distributors or retailers in commercial value chains which can help increase local job and wealth creation, enhance skills and capacity, add purchasing power and generally stimulate economic activity and development-contributing in the process, to quality of life. Despite the critical roles played by the business linkages in distributor MSEs in the textile sub-sector, they have been experiencing determinants leading to low- performance or limited linkage with large enterprises. This study was conducted in Amhara region, south wollo zone, Kombolcha city. The main purpose of this study was to explore the basic determinant factors of business linkages between MSEs and large firms in textile sub-sector in Kombolcha town. The population of this study was 71 MSEs and 1 large enterprise. Census method was used to conduct the research throughout enterprises in textile sub-sector and primary data was collected with the use of Self-administered questionnaire and key informant interview. The researcher had used mixed approach that was both qualitative and quantitative methods to identify and analyze determinants. Descriptive statistical methods and logit regression model supported by qualitative analysis had been employed SPSS and STATA software to analyses the collected data. The result showed that the business linkage between small and large business in Kombolcha city particularly in textile sub-sector was found limited. MSEs in Kombolcha city are facing a lot of problems that hinder their business linkage; lack of raw materials is the most series problem. Determinants such as education levels, raw materials, technology, training, and leadership were found significant that affect business linkage positively. Therefore  the study suggest that improving educational levels of MSEs owners, availability of raw materials, training like technical and managerial skills, giving attention to assure capable and committed leadership and for the future intervention strategies aimed at the mutual benefit between MSEs and large enterprises and technological transformation to strengthen business linkage . The government and private sectors are expected to exert strong effort to create business linkage between MSEs and large businesses in textile sub-sector. Keywords: - Business linkage, Determinants, MSEs, Large, Enterprises DOI: 10.7176/JESD/10-3-0

Application of Normal Family to the Spread Inequality and the Paley Type Inequality

In this paper we derive a Paley type inequality for subharmonic functions of order λ,0 < λ≤½ and describe the asymptotic behaviour of the extremal functions near Pòlya peaks. We also give an alternative proof for the spread inequality using a non-asymptotic method via - a normal family of δ -subharmonic functions

Critical solutions for critical problems: Threats to Sustainable use and Management of Nech Sar National Park (NSNP) in Ethiopia

National parks are considered as the most important instrument for the conservation and protection of biodiversity, particularly for rehabilitation of critically endangered species in Ethiopia. However, the management of most of the national parks is threatened by complex socioeconomic and political factors. This paper, was thus designed to assess the socio-economic and political factors that threaten the management of Nech Sar National Park. Document analysis, previously conducted empirical research and reports were utilized as the main sources of data. In addition, interviews and personal observations were applied as tool to generate supplementary data. The analysis indicates that there are enormous socioeconomic and political factors that limit and challenge the management and sustainable use of the park for example, using the park as a primary source of livelihood and as grazing land, the expansion of agriculture, the establishment of settlements, and investment centers, are the most important factors that are threatening and challenging the management of the park. There are also conflicts of interests, lack of political commitment, lack of clear demarcations, and capacity problems which are additional factors that constrain the sustainability of the park. Therefore, in order to use the park for its primary management objectives, and hopefully overcome the chronic threats of the poor management, and reap the benefits in a sustainable way, all stakeholders should work hand in hand rather than be striving to meet their individual interests at the expense of the park and its conservation objectives

The Effect of Task-Based Language Teaching on Developing Students’ Oral English Achievement: With Reference to Damot Preparatory School Grade Eleven Students

The main aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of task based language teaching in developing oral English achievement of Demot Higher Education and preparatory School grade 11students. To achieve this objective ,a task-based language teaching program was prepared based on grade 11 English textbook. An oral achievement test with an assessment rubric was administered. Two independent groups of Damot preparatory school students were selected by purposive sampling for experimentation. One class representing the experimental group learned through the task-based language teaching while the other one class representing the control group learned the same part following the traditional/ regular teaching methodology. Oral performance test was used as an instrument.  Data were analyzed using SPSS using independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test. Results revealed that there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental and control subjects on their oral English achievement in favor of the experimental group. Results also showed statistically significant difference between mean scores of experimental group subjects in the paired sample t-test of their pre-post test scores of oral English achievement in favor of the post test. These results support that using task-based language teaching is effective in developing students’ oral achievement and build self-confidence. Key words/ phrases: Task-based language teaching; traditional /regular instruction; oral achievement; t-test; independent sample; paired sample DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/75-03 Publication date: January 31st 202

The Impact of Small Scale Irrigation on Crop Production and Income of Households: The Case of North Achefer Woreda, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

This study analyzed the impact of small scale irrigation on crop production and income of households in North AcheferWoreda, Amhara Regional State. It was conducted in the 5 selected Kebeles namely; Ambeshen, Yismala, Shobila, Chimba and Womberiabarkanta. Cross-sectional survey was employed to collect data from 175 respondents, in which 75 were irrigation users and 100 were non-users. The study has employed logit model to identify determinants of small scale irrigation participation and propensity score matching method to analyze the impact of small scale irrigation on crop production and household income. The result of logit regression indicated that livestock holding, fertilizer usage and training are identified as determinants of small scale irrigation in the study area. Propensity score estimation technique (kernel matching with band length 0.5) revealed that irrigation users are better in crop production by 6.01 quintals, and generate more income by birr 12,630.40 compared to non-users per year.  The findings of the study highlight that small scale irrigation is important in increasing crop production and income of households. Finally, this paper recommended irrigation non-users should be addressed and motivated to participate in irrigation to increase production and income of households. Keywords: Small scale irrigation,  crop production, household income, PSM mode

A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN A DEMOCRATIC POLITICS

According to western democracy, which demands the fundamentals of individual autonomy, freedom of expression is among those ground maxims that trigger critical and philosophical discourse. A democratic system of government, which wins popular legitimacy, is expected to lay down solid and systematic foundations with serious political will and practical commitment for the realization of “market place of ideas”. Besides, free and democratic societies, which have constitutionally stipulated rights to freely access, transfer, and choose information with diversity of sources and contents, could naturally have the better chance to pass informed decisions and judgments in cogently defining their destinies. In principle, such a democratic political system, with all its contemporary challenges, does not therefore impose up on individual citizens’ mind public media over private media, domestic media over international as well as social media, and development oriented news over diversity of ideas. Though there are varieties of literatures as well as research works conducted in this regard, little has done in critically justifying why such a system authorizes individual human agents to be indispensible and autonomous vetoes to determine the sources and the contents of information. Besides, this work tries to critically explore some of the positive developments and existential challenges posing significant threat to such a democratic value for the autonomy of individual human actors. To this effect, critical evaluation and reflection of the main philosophical assumptions on freedom of information, which in turn enable us to critically assess contemporary problems and opportunities, have been parts of this article. In this regard, however, this work has not been an attempt for generalization on topic raised based on existential situations of individual countries

A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN A DEMOCRATIC POLITICS

According to western democracy, which demands the fundamentals of individual autonomy, freedom of expression is among those ground maxims that trigger critical and philosophical discourse. A democratic system of government, which wins popular legitimacy, is expected to lay down solid and systematic foundations with serious political will and practical commitment for the realization of “market place of ideas”. Besides, free and democratic societies, which have constitutionally stipulated rights to freely access, transfer, and choose information with diversity of sources and contents, could naturally have the better chance to pass informed decisions and judgments in cogently defining their destinies. In principle, such a democratic political system, with all its contemporary challenges, does not therefore impose up on individual citizens’ mind public media over private media, domestic media over international as well as social media, and development oriented news over diversity of ideas. Though there are varieties of literatures as well as research works conducted in this regard, little has done in critically justifying why such a system authorizes individual human agents to be indispensible and autonomous vetoes to determine the sources and the contents of information. Besides, this work tries to critically explore some of the positive developments and existential challenges posing significant threat to such a democratic value for the autonomy of individual human actors. To this effect, critical evaluation and reflection of the main philosophical assumptions on freedom of information, which in turn enable us to critically assess contemporary problems and opportunities, have been parts of this article. In this regard, however, this work has not been an attempt for generalization on topic raised based on existential situations of individual countries