Quantum Reflection as a New Signature of Quantum Vacuum Nonlinearity

We show that photons subject to a spatially inhomogeneous electromagnetic field can experience quantum reflection. Based on this observation, we propose quantum reflection as a novel means to probe the nonlinearity of the quantum vacuum in the presence of strong electromagnetic fields.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure; some clarifications added, matches journal versio

Photon merging and splitting in electromagnetic field inhomogeneities

We investigate photon merging and splitting processes in inhomogeneous, slowly varying electromagnetic fields. Our study is based on the three-photon polarization tensor following from the Heisenberg-Euler effective action. We put special emphasis on deviations from the well-known constant field results, also revisiting the selection rules for these processes. In the context of high-intensity laser facilities, we analytically determine compact expressions for the number of merged/split photons as obtained in the focal spots of intense laser beams. For the parameter range of a typical petawatt class laser system as pump and a terawatt class laser as probe, we provide estimates for the numbers of signal photons attainable in an actual experiment. The combination of frequency upshifting, polarization dependence and scattering off the inhomogeneities renders photon merging an ideal signature for the experimental exploration of nonlinear quantum vacuum properties.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure

Characterization of LIM kinase and activity in early amphibian embryos

EphA4 is a cellular receptor that functions in mediating tissue interactions in embryonic development. The downstream effectors of EphA4 are mainly unknown, although previous research has indicated that the enzyme p160ROCK is one of the downstream mediators in the pathway. LIM kinase is an enzyme that is activated by p160ROCK. We have hypothesized that LIM kinase acts downstream of p160ROCK in the signaling pathway. Our results showed that LIM kinase is present and activated during development when EphA4 is active in the embryo, which is consistent with a role for LIM kinase in EphA4 signaling. Further testing is necessary to determine if LIM kinase has an active role in EphA4 signaling

COMPULSORY LICENSING BY JUDICIAL ACTION: A REMEDY FOR MISUSE OF PATENTS

Having viewed the fundamental problems, it is pertinent to outline some of the alleged abuses of the American patent system as it operates in our modern business and industrial economy and to canvass some of the proposed remedies. First are abuses that might be termed attempts to extend the duration of the patent monopoly. These stem mainly from the procedural aspects of the patent laws. Foremost among them is the problem of long pendency of applications, particularly the dilatory tactics that are possible under the law, which postpone issuance of the patent, thus extending the time duration of the patent protection. Closely allied are problems of lack of sufficient facilities and personnel in the Patent Office, the complicated internal procedures and practices, the time-consuming interference procedures, and other similar sources of abuse inherent in the patent laws as they stand

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW-FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT-EQUAL PROTECTION OF THE LAWS-RACIAL SEGREGATION IN PUBLIC EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Segregation of races, particularly separation of white and colored races, has long been condoned by American courts as permissible under the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Underlying the traditional view is the idea that the equal protection clause is not violated by segregation so long as equal facilities are provided for both races. On this basic premise a large number of jurisdictions, particularly the southern states, have predicated constitutional provisions and statutory enactments compelling racial segregation, while a number of other states where segregation has not been forbidden by express constitutional or statutory provision have achieved the same practical result. The possibility that the Supreme Court of the United States may hive occasion to pass on the validity of the basic assumption makes it desirable to review in some detail the attitude of the courts toward this problem

Doctor of Philosophy

dissertationBoundary violations between the human and the more-than-human serve as unruly "crossings" that queer and rewild the world as we know it. Animate Rhetoric, Queer Beasts: Rewilding Domesticity explores such puncturings of our everyday worlds. Specifically, I am interested in how animals challenge and transform naturalized human boundaries and barriers. How do animals breach the boundaries surrounding anthroponormativity? Animal crossings at unsanctioned intersections have the power not simply to disrupt, but to animate the world. This project challenges the essentialist claim that rhetoric is the domain of humans, and puts forward the concept of animate rhetoric. Animate rhetoric expresses the potential that everything might be speaking: mountains conversing with wind, rain, sun and pica; chickens clucking in soil and fussing with insouciant Scrub Jays; rivers churning against asphalt and whispering amongst tree roots. Animate rhetoric does not claim that everything is speaking or that it is speaking to us, merely that there is the possibility of such engagement. Such an approach opens up a vibrant, multivocal space for encounters with animal others, rather than silencing them or forcing them to speak in human terms. These discursive productions are events which encourage us to reconsider the world as perceived from the animal's perspective. Social media present unique avenues to consider these multiple worlds. Disruptive animals who rewild the screen reveal the importance of looking at animals, not as mere spectacle, but as animate agents who challenge humans and our own perspective of the world. These productions can challenge the boundaries surrounding the human and spark possibilities for new relationships where borderlines are incoherent and unstable. Linking images of animals together produces an unruly force that plays a role in shaping realities and serving as unexpected sites for resistance. Using case studies that span a range of species, we encounter animal others who bound into our domestic sphere via the digital screen

DESCENT AND DISTRIBUTION-NECESSITY OF ADMINISTRATION OF DECEDENTS\u27 ESTATES-EFFECT OF STATUTES WHICH CHANGE THE DEVOLUTION OF PERSONAL PROPERTY

It is almost an axiom of the common law that upon the death of a person the title to his personal property vests in his personal representative. On the other hand it is equally axiomatic that title to real property descends directly to the heirs or devisees, subject to the control of the personal representative and the probate court for purposes of satisfying the debts of the decedent in the absence of sufficient personalty. A number of jurisdictions, however, have by statute altered the common-law doctrine and have provided that title to both personalty and realty passes directly to the distributee. This is true in California and Texas, in the case of both testate and intestate property, while in a number of other jurisdictions intestate property alone is affected. The manifest purposes of such statutory provisions are: first, to abrogate the largely historical difference .in treatment of a decedent\u27s real and personal property and second, to make it easier to dispense with administration of decedents\u27 estates. It is the purpose of this comment to evaluate the practical effect and operation of these statutes, insofar as they purport to change the common-law doctrine relative to the devolution of personalty, on the necessity for an administration of a decedent\u27s personal property

Should Congestion Tolls be Set by the Government or by the Private Sector? The Knight–Pigou Debate Revisited

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144304/1/ecca12259.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144304/2/ecca12259_am.pd

Modeling the Thermal Conductivity of Porous Electrodes of Li-Ion Batteries as a Function of Microstructure Parameters

The performance and lifetime of lithium‐ion batteries are strongly influenced by the temperature distribution within the cells, as electrochemical reactions, transport properties, and aging effects are temperature dependent. However, thermal analysis and numerical simulation of the temperature inside the cells can only be as accurate as the underlying data on thermal transport properties. This contribution presents a numerical and analytical model for predicting the thermal conductivity of porous electrodes as a function of microstructure parameters. Both models account for the morphology of the electrode structures and bulk material properties of the constitutive components. Structural parameters considered in both models alike are the porosity of the electrode coatings, particle size distribution, particle shape, particle contact areas, and binder carbon black distribution. The numerical model is based on the well‐established finite volume discretization, allowing for detailed 3D analyses. The analytical model is an extension of the well‐known Zehner–Bauer–Schluender approach for solid packing and provides fast predictions of the effects of parameter variations. The results of both models have been successfully verified against each other and compared to literature data and experimental measurements

Wasserbildern auf der Spur : systematische Untersuchungen an Wasserschleiern und an Wassertreppen

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