Long Span DNA Paired-End-Tag (DNA-PET) Sequencing Strategy for the Interrogation of Genomic Structural Mutations and Fusion-Point-Guided Reconstruction of Amplicons

10.1371/journal.pone.0046152PLoS ONE79

Recurrent Fusion Genes in Gastric Cancer: CLDN18-ARHGAP26 Induces Loss of Epithelial Integrity.

Genome rearrangements, a hallmark of cancer, can result in gene fusions with oncogenic properties. Using DNA paired-end-tag (DNA-PET) whole-genome sequencing, we analyzed 15 gastric cancers (GCs) from Southeast Asians. Rearrangements were enriched in open chromatin and shaped by chromatin structure. We identified seven rearrangement hot spots and 136 gene fusions. In three out of 100 GC cases, we found recurrent fusions between CLDN18, a tight junction gene, and ARHGAP26, a gene encoding a RHOA inhibitor. Epithelial cell lines expressing CLDN18-ARHGAP26 displayed a dramatic loss of epithelial phenotype and long protrusions indicative of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Fusion-positive cell lines showed impaired barrier properties, reduced cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, retarded wound healing, and inhibition of RHOA. Gain of invasion was seen in cancer cell lines expressing the fusion. Thus, CLDN18-ARHGAP26 mediates epithelial disintegration, possibly leading to stomach H(+) leakage, and the fusion might contribute to invasiveness once a cell is transformed. Cell Rep 2015 Jul 14; 12(2):272-285

Przedoperacyina embolizacja naczyniaka płodowego móżdżku za pomocą preparatu Onyx: opis przypadku i przegląd piśmiennictwa

Haemangioblastoma is a slow-growing, highly vascular tumour and typically occurs in the cerebellum but can also occur in the brainstem and spinal cord. Because of their hypervascularity and location, cerebellar haemangioblastomas can be difficult to remove. The purpose of preoperative embolization of haemangioblastomas is to decrease the intraoperative blood loss and to facilitate excision. However, the safety and efficacy of this procedure remain controversial. Here, we report the case of a man with cerebellar haemangioblastoma who underwent preoperative embolization with Onyx. The tumour was completely removed with minimal tumour bleeding. There was no complication related to embolization.Naczyniak płodowy to wolno rosnący i bogato unaczyniony guz, który zwykle występuje w móżdżku, ale może również umiejscawiać się w pniu mózgu lub rdzeniu kręgowym. Chirurgiczne usunięcie naczyniaka płodowego może być trudne ze względu na jego bogate unaczynienie i umiejscowienie. Celem przedoperacyjnej embolizacji tego guza jest zmniejszenie utraty krwi podczas operacji i ułatwienie jego wycięcia. Bezpieczeństwo i skuteczność tej procedury są jednak przedmiotem kontrowersji. W pracy przedstawiono opis przypadku chorego z naczyniakiem płodowym móżdżku, u którego wykonano przedoperacyjną embolizację za pomocą preparatu Onyx. Guz następnie usunięto, krwawienie podczas operacji było niewielkie. Nie obserwowano powikłań związanych z embolizacją

Correlation between urine cytology results on the day after overnight continuous saline irrigation following transurethral resection of bladder tumor and bladder tumor recurrence

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between urine cytology results after overnight continuous saline irrigation (OCSI) following transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and bladder tumor recurrence in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients diagnosed with NMIBC between 2016 and 2020 after undergoing TURBT at our hospital. All patients received OCSI following TURBT and had urine cytology test at postoperative 1 day. Urine cytology was classified into three groups: Negative, low-grade urothelial neoplasm (LGUN)+atypical urothelial cells (AUC), and suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (SHGUC)+high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) in each group was compared using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate independent prognostic factors. Results: A total of 172 patients were included in this study. Based on urine cytology group (after OCSI), RFS did not reach the median value in the Negative group. In the LGUN+AUC group, the median RFS was 615.00 days. In the SHGUC+HGUC group, the median RFS was 377.00 days. In survival analysis, the Negative group had a longer RFS than the SHGUC+HGUC group (p=0.013). However, Cox regression analysis showed that SHGUC+HGUC was not an independent prognostic factor for recurrence. Conclusions: Urine cytology results after OCSI following TURBT in NMIBC were associated with bladder tumor recurrence. Specifically, SHGUC or HGUC in urine cytology after OCSI showed earlier recurrence than negative cases. However, further research is needed to accurately determine whether it is an independent prognostic factor

Lotus leaf-inspired droplet-based electricity generator with low-adhesive superhydrophobicity for a wide operational droplet volume range and boosted electricity output

© 2022 Elsevier LtdAs one of the nanogenerators which exploit the potential of the water cycle, a droplet-based electricity generator (DEG) has recently been leading the research field due to its high efficiency. Hence, if the DEG's effectiveness could be extended to the microscale water cycle, such as raindrop, precipitation, fog, and dew, the application fields of DEG would be countless. While introducing a hydrophobic layer could be a solution to achieving such a wide operational droplet volume range, the hydrophobicity has been so far understood only in terms of increased electricity output of the DEG on the ground that promotes droplet sliding. Herein, we report a lotus leaf-mimicking DEG (simply, LL-DEG) with a low-adhesive superhydrophobic surface of the dielectric layer. The LL-DEG shows not only an increased electricity output with an energy conversion efficiency of 13.7%, but a wide operational droplet volume range to allow normal operation with a droplet volume down to 6 µL. For the first time, we deeply analyze how the lotus leaf-mimicking surface can increase the electricity output of DEG and derive the average rate of droplet contact area change over time by introducing a new parameter, which affects the electricity output. Furthermore, how the lotus leaf-mimicking surface expands the operational droplet volume range is systematically discussed from both the investigations of quasi-static and dynamic states of droplet wetting. The superiority of LL-DEG is confirmed from the demonstration in a rainfall environment including raindrop energy harvesting and self-cleaning property, which is essential for practical utilization in outdoor conditions. Finally, based on the pH-sensitive electricity output, the applicability of the LL-DEG is demonstrated as a raindrop acidity alert. This work, which extends the DEG's effectiveness to the microscale water cycle, is expected to advance the practical utilization of DEG.11Nsciescopu

Three-dimensional differential interference contrast microscopy using synthetic aperture imaging

We implement differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy using high-speed synthetic aperture imaging that expands the passband of coherent imaging by a factor of 2.2. For an aperture synthesized coherent image, we apply for the numerical post-processing and obtain a high-contrast DIC image for arbitrary shearing direction and bias retardation. In addition, we obtain images at different depths without a scanning objective lens by numerically propagating the acquired coherent images. Our method achieves high-resolution and high-contrast 3-D DIC imaging of live biological cells. The proposed method will be useful for monitoring 3-D dynamics of intracellular particles