Student politics, teaching politics, black politics: an interview with Ansel Wong

Ansel Wong is the quiet man of British black politics, rarely in the limelight and never seeking political office. And yet his ‘career’ here – from Black Power firebrand to managing a multimillion budget as head of the Greater London Council’s Ethnic Minority Unit in the 1980s – spells out some of the most important developments in black educational and cultural projects. In this interview, he discusses his identification with Pan-Africanism, his involvement in student politics, his role in the establishment of youth projects and supplementary schools in the late 1960s and 1970s, and his involvement in black radical politics in London in the same period, all of which took place against the background of revolutionary ferment in the Third World and the world of ideas, and were not without their own internal class and ethnic conflicts

El crimen de agresión: ampliar los parámetros relativamente estrechos del Artículo 8 bis del Estatuto de Roma

La criminalización de la agresión, diametralmente opuesta a la noción de la soberanía del Estado, se mantuvo en un estado de animación suspendida hasta hace poco. A partir del 17 de julio de 2018, la Corte Penal Internacional ha sido facultada para juzgar a individuos por el crimen de agresión. Aunque el logro de esta hazaña es admirable en sí mismo, no se puede negar el hecho de que la definición adoptada en el Artículo 8 bis del Estatuto de Roma está anticuada. Siendo una síntesis de las disposiciones de dos documentos obsoletos del siglo XX, a saber, la Carta de Nuremberg (1945), por un lado, y la Resolución 3314 (XXIX) de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas (1974), por el otro, el Artículo 8 bis parece mal equipado para el propósito de manejar los desafíos de la nueva era que se están gestando en el siglo XXI. El autor buscó resumir la evolución del crimen de agresión como preludio para presentar el caso de que es necesario adoptar una definición mucho más incluyente dentro del esquema del Artículo 8 bis; es decir, es indispensable tener en cuenta las exigencias del siglo XXI que emanan de (a) medios de guerra no tradicionales, como la guerra cibernética; (b) entidades no estatales, como los grupos terroristas; y (c) actos internos de agresión.The criminalization of aggression, which is diametrically opposed to the notion of state sovereignty, has remained in a state of suspended animation until recently. Effective starting on July 17, 2018, the International Criminal Court has been empowered to try individuals for the crime of aggression. Although achieving this feat is commendable in itself, there is no denying the fact that the definition adopted under Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute is outmoded. Being a synthesis between the provisions of two outworn documents of the 20th century, namely the Nuremberg Charter (1945), on the one hand, and the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3314 (XXIX) (1974), on the other, Article 8 bis seems ill-equipped for the purpose of handling new-age challenges brewing in the 21st century. The author has attempted to summarize the evolution of the crime of aggression as a prelude to presenting a case for the need to adopt a far more inclusive definition within the scheme of Article 8 bis, i.e. taking into consideration the exigencies of the 21st century emanating from (a) non-traditional means of warfare, such as cyberwarfare; (b) non-state entities, such as terrorist groups; and (c) internal acts of aggression