Analysis Of Variance and CPA in SCA

This paper introduces Side-Channel Analysis results obtained on an unprotected circuit characterized by a surprisingly non-linear leakage. While in such a case, Correlation Power Analysis is not adapted, we show that a more generic attack, based on the Analysis Of Variance (AOV) outperfoms CPA. It has the advantage of detecting non-linear leakage, unlike Correlation Power Analysis, and of providing similar or much better results in all cases, with a similar computation time

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Indicateurs du niveau de présence de l'anguille européenne (A. anguilla) dans le Marais poitevin : bilan des campagnes 2002-2006 Etude Cemagref Bordeaux, n° 107

From 2002 to 2006, standardized electrofishing operations have been performed in May on two pools of 8 permanent sites located on the secondary hydraulic network of the Marais poitevin. Four campaigns have concerned the first pool, the second one being sampled only in 2005. 21 species have been observed with significant differences between areas and between years. The European eel is present everywhere and is one the most abundant species in this marsh. Except for the small eels (up to 100 mm), the mean fishing effectiveness is good (more than 83 %) during all the campaigns. The mean eel abundance levels (16 to 26 eels /100 m²) and the observed size structures are homogeneous between the campaigns with more than 90% of the captures with an individual total length less than 420 mm. These data concerning the various size groups set up a reference basis to evaluate the impacts of future management actions to significantly increase the recruitment level of young eels in the marsh and the survival rate up to the breeder stage (silver eel). A local plan for the eel management appears actually necessary. Its goals will have to be not only the significant restoration of the young eels' stock, but also the significant increase of the breeder escapement level to contribute to the restoration of the eel stock common to the majority of the European and North-african waters. This local plan will have to take into account all the factors of mortality or perturbation (obstacles to free migrations, water quality, availability of the habitats, all the fishing procedures, .).De 2002 à 2006, des opérations standardisées de pêche électrique ont été réalisées en mai sur deux groupes de 8 stations fixes situées sur le réseau hydraulique secondaire du marais. Quatre campagnes ont été mises en ½uvre sur le premier réseau, le second réseau n'ayant été pêché qu'en 2005. 21 espèces ont été recensées avec des différences notables entre zones et entre années. L'anguille apparaît dans toutes les opérations et constitue l'une des espèces aux effectifs capturés les plus importants. Hormis les individus de taille inférieure à 10 cm, elle est pêchée avec une bonne efficacité moyenne (> 83 %) sur l'ensemble des campagnes. Les niveaux moyens d'abondance (16 à 26 individus par 100 m²) et les structures de taille observés sont comparables lors des 5 années avec plus de 90 % des captures de taille inférieure à 420 mm. Les signaux recueillis sur les divers groupes de taille permettent de disposer d'une base de référence pour visualiser dans les années à venir les retombées des nécessaires actes de gestion visant à améliorer très sensiblement le niveau de recrutement en jeunes individus et le niveau de survie jusqu'au stade de géniteur potentiel (anguille argentée). Le plan de gestion qui devra être mis en ½uvre dans les années à venir doit en effet viser non seulement la restauration d'un stock significatif de jeunes anguilles dans le marais mais aussi l'augmentation significative de l'échappement de géniteurs de qualité pour contribuer au redressement de ce stock commun à une grande partie des eaux européennes et nord-africaines. Ce plan devra prendre en compte l'ensemble des facteurs de perturbation et de mortalité (obstacles, qualité de l'eau et des habitats, pêches,)

Mass Spectrometry Analysis of NMC622/Graphite Li-Ion Cells Electrolyte Degradation Products after Storage and Cycling

International audienceWith the aim of establishing a data simultaneous comparison, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) statistical tool was applied to LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2/graphite Li-ion cells electrolyte's decomposition products detected by UHPLC-ESI-HRMS. Herein, we illustrate how the chemometric tool associated with mass spectrometry data can be relevant to provide information about the presence of unusual molecules. Indeed, pristine Triton X-100 surfactant molecules used in the electrode elaboration process were detected after the impregnation stage. However, as they chemically react and oxidize at a potential lower than 4.5 V vs Li/Li+, only surfactant derivatives and classical ageing molecules were observed, respectively, after storage and cycling stages at 55 degrees C, leading to a triangle-type correlation circle. On the other hand, global schemes of LiPF6-based electrolyte degradation pathways were elaborated from a comparative study with literature to help interpret results in future electrolyte ageing studies

Chemical reactivity of lithium difluorophosphate as electrolyte additive in LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2/graphite cells

International audienceFrom the literature overview, lithium difluorophosphate salt, LiPO2F2, is considered a powerful electrolyte additive capable of enhancing lithium-ion batteries' capacity retention. Lower cell impedance associated with SEI and/or CEI layers composition and texture modifications had been widely demonstrated, but without providing clear mechanisms. This paper sheds light on the reactivity of LiPO2F2 by combining electrochemical measurements and analyzes of electrolyte degradation products at the interphases and in the electrolytes by means of infrared and mass spectrometry techniques. Fluorine substitution reaction by electrochemically formed anions leads to a mitigation of electrolyte solvents degradation and to the enrichment of the SEI layer with LiF and lithium organofluorophosphates. Furthermore, a discussion on the composition of the CEI layer that enables the prevention of the transition metals dissolution from positive electrode layered oxides materials is also presented

Hormonoresistance in advanced breast cancer: a new revolution in endocrine therapy

Endocrine therapy is the mainstay of treatment of estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer with an overall survival benefit. However, some adaptive mechanisms in the tumor emerge leading to the development of a resistance to this therapy. A better characterization of this process is needed to overcome this resistance and to develop new tailored therapies. Mechanisms of resistance to hormone therapy result in activation of transduction signal pathways, including the cell cycle regulation with cyclin D/CDK4/6/Rb pathway. The strategy of combined hormone therapy with targeted agents has shown an improvement of progression-free survival (PFS) in several phase II or III trials, including three different classes of drugs: mTOR inhibitors, PI3K and CDK4/6 inhibitors. A recent phase III trial has shown that fulvestrant combined with a CDK 4/6 inhibitor doubles PFS in aromatase inhibitor-pretreated postmenopausal ER+ breast cancer. Other combinations are ongoing to disrupt the interaction between PI3K/AKT/mTOR and cyclin D/CDK4/6/Rb pathways. Despite these successful strategies, reliable and reproducible biomarkers are needed. Tumor genomics are dynamic over time, and blood-based biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA represent a major hope to elucidate the adaptive mechanisms of endocrine resistance. The optimal combinations and biomarkers to guide this strategy need to be determined

Going through the wine fining: Intimate dialogue between organics and clays

International audienceWine chemistry inspires and challenges with its complexity and intriguing composition. In this context, the composites based on the use of a model protein, a polyphenol of interest and montmorillonite in a model hydroalcoholic solution have been studied. A set of experimental characterization techniques highlighted the interactions between the organic and the inorganic parts in the composite. The amount of the organic part was determined by ultraviolet-visible (UV–VIS) and thermal analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) informed about the stacking/exfoliation of the layers in the composites. Vibrational and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies methods stressed on the formation of a complex between the protein and the polyphenol before adsorption on the clay mineral. The mobility/rigidity of the organic parts were determined by fluorescence time resolved spectroscopy. Changes in the secondary structure of the protein occured upon complexation with polyphenol on clay mineral due to strong interactions. Although not representating faithfully enological conditions, these results highlight the range and nature of mechanisms possibly involved in wine fining

Beneficial Health Effects of Glucosinolates-Derived Isothiocyanates on Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases

International audienceNeurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are illnesses that affect the nervous system and heart, all of which are vital to the human body. To maintain health of the human body, vegetable diets serve as a preventive approach and particularly Brassica vegetables have been associated with lower risks of chronic diseases, especially NDDs and CVDs. Interestingly, glucosinolates (GLs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs) are phytochemicals that are mostly found in the Cruciferae family and they have been largely documented as antioxidants contributing to both cardio- and neuroprotective effects. The hydrolytic breakdown of GLs into ITCs such as sulforaphane (SFN), phenylethyl ITC (PEITC), moringin (MG), erucin (ER), and allyl ITC (AITC) has been recognized to exert significant effects with regards to cardio- and neuroprotection. From past in vivo and/or in vitro studies, those phytochemicals have displayed the ability to mitigate the adverse effects of reactive oxidation species (ROS), inflammation, and apoptosis, which are the primary causes of CVDs and NDDs. This review focuses on the protective effects of those GL-derived ITCs, featuring their beneficial effects and the mechanisms behind those effects in CVDs and NDDs