2,3,9- and 2,3,11-Trisubstituted tetrahydroprotoberberines as D2 dopaminergic ligands

Dopamine-mediated neurotransmission plays an important role in relevant psychiatric and neurological disorders. Nowadays, there is an enormous interest in the development of new dopamine receptors (DR) acting drugs as potential new targets for the treatment of schizophrenia or Parkinson's disease. Previous studies have revealed that isoquinoline compounds such as tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) and tetrahydroprotoberberines (THPBs) can behave as selective D2 dopaminergic alkaloids since they share structural similarities with dopamine. In the present study we have synthesized eleven 2,3,9- and 2,3,11-trisubstituted THPB compounds (six of them are described for the first time) and evaluated their potential dopaminergic activity. Binding studies on rat striatal membranes were used to evaluate their affinity and selectivity towards D1 and D2 DR and establish the structure-activity relationship (SAR) as dopaminergic agents. In general, all the tested THPBs with protected phenolic hydroxyls showed a lower affinity for D1 and D2 DR than their corresponding homologues with free hydroxyl groups. In previous studies in which dopaminergic affinity of 1-benzyl-THIQs (BTHIQs) was evaluated, the presence of a Cl into the A-ring resulted in increased affinity and selectivity towards D2 DR. This is in contrast with the current study since the existence of a chlorine atom into the A-ring of the THPBs caused increased affinity for D1 DR but dramatically reduced the selectivity for D2 DR. An OH group in position 9 of the THPB (9f) resulted in a higher affinity for DR than its homologue with an OH group in position 11 (9e) (250 fold for D2 DR). None of the compounds showed any cytotoxicity in freshly isolated human neutrophils. A molecular modelling study of three representative THPBs was carried out. The combination of MD simulations with DFT calculations provided a clear picture of the ligand binding interactions from a structural and energetic point of view. Therefore, it is likely that compound 9d (2,3,9-trihydroxy-THPB) behave as D2 DR agonist since serine residues cluster are crucial for agonist binding and receptor activation

Intraoperative oxygen tension and redox homeostasis in Pseudomyxoma peritonei: A short case series

IntroductionPseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare malignant disease characterized by a massive multifocal accumulation of mucin within the peritoneal cavity. The current treatment option is based on complete cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. However, the recurrence is frequent with subsequent progression and death. To date, most of the studies published in PMP are related to histological and genomic analyses. Thus, the need for further studies unveiling the underlying PMP molecular mechanisms is urgent. In this regard, hypoxia and oxidative stress have been extensively related to tumoral pathologies, although their contribution to PMP has not been elucidated.MethodsIn this manuscript, we have evaluated, for the first time, the intratumoral real-time oxygen microtension (pO2mt) in the tumor (soft and hard mucin) and surrounding healthy tissue from five PMP patients during surgery. In addition, we measured hypoxia (Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1a; HIF-1α) and oxidative stress (catalase; CAT) markers in soft and hard mucin from the same five PMP patient samples and in five control samples.ResultsThe results showed low intratumoral oxygen levels, which were associated with increased HIF-1α protein levels, suggesting the presence of a hypoxic environment in these tumors. We also found a significant reduction in CAT activity levels in soft and hard mucin compared with healthy tissue samples.DiscussionIn conclusion, our study provides the first evidence of low intratumoral oxygen levels in PMP patients associated with hypoxia and oxidative stress markers. However, further investigation is required to understand the potential role of oxidative stress in PMP in order to find new therapeutic strategies

Amyloid-β fibril disruption by C \u3c inf\u3e 60 - Molecular guidance for rational drug design

The WHO has listed Alzheimer\u27s disease among the major neurological disorders with an estimated 35 million people affected worldwide. Amyloid-β is mostly believed to be the causative factor in Alzheimer\u27s disease and the severity of the disease correlates with the tendency of amyloid-β to form aggregation patterns - plaques. Lacking effective medication, the identification of any underlying mechanistic principles regarding plaque formation appears to be crucial. Here we carry out computer simulations to study the effect of C 60 on structure and stability of an idealised pentameric construct of amyloid-β units (a model fibril). A binding site on top of the structurally ordered stack of β-sheets is identified that triggers structural alterations at the turn region of the hook-like β-sheet assembly. Significant structural alterations are: (i) the destruction of regular helical twist, (ii) the loss of a stabilizing salt bridge and (iii) the loss of a stabilizing hydrophobic interaction close to the turn. Consequently, the main effect of C 60 is the induction of sizable destabilization in native fibril structure. These structural insights may serve as a molecular guide for further rational drug design of effective inhibitors targeting fibril formation in Alzheimer\u27s disease. This journal is © the Owner Societies 2012

Virtual and Remote Robotic Laboratory Using EJS, MATLAB and LabVIEW

This paper describes the design and implementation of a virtual and remote laboratory based on Easy Java Simulations (EJS) and LabVIEW. The main application of this laboratory is to improve the study of sensors in Mobile Robotics, dealing with the problems that arise on the real world experiments. This laboratory allows the user to work from their homes, tele-operating a real robot that takes measurements from its sensors in order to obtain a map of its environment. In addition, the application allows interacting with a robot simulation (virtual laboratory) or with a real robot (remote laboratory), with the same simple and intuitive graphical user interface in EJS. Thus, students can develop signal processing and control algorithms for the robot in simulation and then deploy them on the real robot for testing purposes. Practical examples of application of the laboratory on the inter-University Master of Systems Engineering and Automatic Control are presented

Tetrahydroisoquinolines as dopaminergic ligands: 1-Butyl-7-chloro-6-hydroxy-tetrahydroisoquinoline, a new compound with antidepressant-like activity in mice.

International audienceThree series of 1-substituted-7-chloro-6-hydroxy-tetrahydroisoquinolines (1-butyl-, 1-phenyl- and 1-benzyl derivatives) were prepared to explore the influence of each of these groups at the 1-position on the affinity for dopamine receptors. All the compounds displayed affinity for D(1)-like and/or D(2)-like dopamine receptors in striatal membranes, and were unable to inhibit [(3)H]-dopamine uptake in striatal synaptosomes. Different structure requirements have been observed for adequate D(1) or D(2) affinities. This paper details the synthesis, structural elucidation, dopaminergic binding assays, structure-activity relationships (SAR) of these three series of isoquinolines. Moreover, 1-butyl-7-chloro-6-hydroxy-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1e) with the highest affinity towards D(2)-like receptors (K(i) value of 66nM) and the highest selectivity (49-fold D(2) vs D(1)) by in vitro binding experiments was then evaluated in behavioral assays (spontaneous activity and forced swimming test) in mice. Compound 1e increased locomotor activity in a large dose range (0.04-25mg/kg). Furthermore, this lead compound produced reduction in immobility time in the forced swimming test at a dose (0.01mg/kg) that did not modify locomotor activity. The haloperidol (0.03mg/kg), a D(2) receptor preferred antagonist, blocked the antidepressant-like effect of compound 1e

Tetrahydroisoquinolines functionalized with carbamates as selective ligands of D2 dopamine receptor

[EN] A series of tetrahydroisoquinolines functionalized with carbamates is reported here as highly selective ligands on the dopamine D2 receptor. These compounds were selected by means of a molecular modeling study. The studies were carried out in three stages: first an exploratory study was carried out using combined docking techniques and molecular dynamics simulations. According to these results, the bioassays were performed; these experimental studies corroborated the results obtained by molecular modeling. In the last stage of our study, a QTAIM analysis was performed in order to determine the main molecular interactions that stabilize the different ligand-receptor complexes. Our results show that the adequate use of combined simple techniques is a very useful tool to predict the potential affinity of new ligands at dopamine D1 and D2 receptors. 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Síntesis y evaluación farmacológica preliminar de análogos de índoles fusionado con posible actividad dopaminérgica central

La neurotransmisión dopaminérgica juega un papel importante en los desórdenes que involucran al sistema nerviosocentral (SNC) tales como, la esquizofrenia, la enfermedad de Parkinson, el síndrome de Tourette, las diskinesiastardías y las adicciones psicoestimulantes. La esquizofrenia se manifiesta por un aumento de los niveles de dopaminaen las vías mesolímbicas y mesocorticales. En estas últimas décadas se ha diseñado, sintetizado y evaluado farmacológicamentenumerosos compuestos con actividad antipsicótica, aunque la mayoría producen importantesefectos secundarios que afectan la calidad de vida del paciente. Basándonos en la información obtenida a través dela química medicinal se diseñaron los compuestos (5-7) y luego se realizó su síntesis a partir de las 1-tetralonas, conla o-iodoanilina mediante las condiciones de la reacción de sustitución nucleofílica radicalaria unimolecular (SRNI).Con el propósito de determinar su actividad antagonistica sobre los receptores dopaminérgicos en el sistema nerviosocentral, los compuestos fueron evaluados farmacológicamente mediante la administración de dosis bajas delos compuestos (100μg/5μl, 10μg/5μl y 1.0μg/5μl) por vía intracerebroventricular (ICV) a ratas, y registrando la apariciónde varias conductas estereotípicas. Los resultados biológicos muestran que los compuestos (5-7) actúan através de mecanismos dopaminérgicos, al menos a las dosis usadas, sin inducir algunos comportamientos estereotipadoscomo roer. Además son capaces de inhibir las roídas inducidas por la apomorfina. Los estudios comparativosconformacionales y electrónicos de los compuestos (4-7), a través de los cálculos cuánticos computacionales,apoyan la similitud estereoelectrónica de estos compuestos y están en concordancia con los resultados farmacológicosobtenidos