Influence of new universal adhesives and zirconia primer application techniques on zirconia repair

Tese de mestrado, Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, 2012INTRODUCTION The protocol traditionally used for bonding composite resin to feldspathic ceramic is not effective to promote adhesion to Zirconia. In the last years, different methods have been studied to achieve that purpose. The development of new primers and adhesives containing phosphate monomers (MDP), have shown promising results. OBJECTIVES To investigate the influence of a zirconia primer, with different application protocols, and two new universal adhesives, all containing MDP, on the shear bond strength between resin composite and zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS 60 zirconia Y-TZP blocks (Lava™ Frame Zirconia - 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) with standardized dimensions (9.6mm x 9.6mm x 4.8mm) were mechanically conditioned with 50 μm Al2O3 airborne particle abrasion and randomly divided into six experimental groups (n=10) according to the application protocol of the primer or the adhesives used: 1) Z-Prime™ Plus (ZPP) (Bisco, Schaumburg, USA) – 1 coat without light-curing (ZPP-1); 2) ZPP – 1 coat light-cured (ZPP-1-LC); 3) ZPP – 2 coats without light-curing (ZPP-2); 4) ZPP – 2 coats light-cured (ZPP-2-LC); 5) All-Bond Universal™ (Bisco, Schaumburg, USA) (ABU); 6) Scotch-Bond Universal™ (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) (SBU). Universal adhesives were coated to the zirconia specimen surface according to the manufacturer´s recommendations. Two 1.5 mm increments of composite (Filtek™ Z250) were inserted and light-cured, over the primer/adhesive. After 48 h stored in distilled water at 37 °C, shear bond strength test (1mm/min) was performed. Failure mode determination was performed with a stereomicroscope (20x) Meiji Techno EMZ-8TR (Meiji Techno Co., Saitama, Japan), and classified as adhesive or mixed failure. xiv SBS data were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA, followed by Student-Newman- Keuls post-hoc tests (p<0.05). Kruskal-Wallis, followed by LSD method post-hoc tests was used to analyze failure data. RESULTS The mean SBS values ranged from 19,3 MPa (ZPP-1 - 1 coat no light-cured) to 34,9 MPa (SBU). SBU, ABU and ZPP-2-LC groups achieved statistically higher SBS mean values than the other three experimental groups (p<0.05). No statisticallly significant differences (p≥0.05) were found between SBU, ABU and ZPP-2-LC or comparing ZPP-1, ZPP-1-LC and ZPP-2 application protocol. The three groups with the lowest SBS values registered 100% of adhesive failures. Groups with highest SBS values registered adhesives and mixed failures. CONCLUSION The two new universal adhesives were effective in promoting adhesion between composite and zirconia Z-Prime™ plus Should be applied in two coats, followed by light-curring, to promote SBS similar to the new universal adhesives

O JOGO SOCIAL NA OBRA DE PIERRE BOURDIEU: A RELAÇÃO ENTRE CLASSE SOCIAL E CRENÇA NO JOGO

This article sought to investigate the notion of Social Game in the work of the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. For this, we proposed a brief interpellation with some ideas from the classics of sociology: Durkheim, Marx and Weber. The problem was studied by the author's own exposition, who understands the logic of the game as structuring for life in society. Its foundations go beyond a simple rational, conscious assessment, and operate in a tacit way in social fields. As he advanced in his research, Bourdieu understood that it would not be possible to build on this theme, in a satisfactory manner, if he did not take up and propose a re-signification of the notions of class and belief, already deeply rooted in the history of sociology. The author represented an important milestone in the history of human sciences, by rethinking relationships based on microcosms that operate as places of struggles and disputes. We used a systematic analysis of the main works of the author studied, in order to understand the theoretical revolutions he was able to operate.Este artículo buscó investigar la noción de Juego Social en el trabajo del sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu. Para ello, proponemos una breve interpelación con algunas ideas de los clásicos de la sociología: Durkheim, Marx y Weber. El problema fue provocado por la propia exposición del autor, quien entiende la lógica del juego como elemento estructurador de la vida en sociedad. Sus fundamentos van más allá de una simple valoración racional y consciente, y operan tácitamente en los campos sociales. A medida que avanzaba en su investigación, Bourdieu comprendió que no sería posible construir sobre este tema, de manera satisfactoria, si no retomaba y proponía una resignificación de las nociones de clase y creencia, ya profundamente arraigadas en la historia de la sociología. El autor representó un hito importante en la historia de las ciencias humanas, al repensar las relaciones a partir de microcosmos que operan como lugares de luchas y disputas. Se utilizó un análisis sistemático de las principales obras del autor estudiado, con el fin de comprender las revoluciones teóricas que fue capaz de operar.O presente artigo procurou investigar a noção de Jogo Social na obra do sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu. Para isso, propusemos uma breve interpelação com algumas ideias dos clássicos da sociologia: Durkheim, Marx e Weber. A problemática se deu pela própria exposição do autor que entende a lógica do jogo como estruturante para a vida em sociedade. Seus fundamentos perpassam a simples avaliação racional, consciente, e operam de maneira tácita nos campos sociais. Ao passo que avançou em sua pesquisa, Bourdieu compreendeu que não seria possível edificar esse tema, de forma satisfatória, se não retomasse e propusesse uma ressignificação das noções de classe e crença, já bastante enraizadas na história da sociologia. O autor representou importante marco na história das ciências humanas, ao repensar as relações a partir de microcosmos que operam como locais de lutas e disputas. Utilizamos de uma análise sistemática das principais obras do autor estudado, de maneira a perceber as revoluções teóricas que ele fora capaz de operar

Influência da técnica de acabamento e do tempo de exposição na estabilidade cromática do bis-acrílico

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do tipo de polimento e tempo de exposição ao café na estabilidade cromática de 2 resinas bis-acrílicas. Métodos: Foram preparados 60 discos em resina bis acrílica, 30 com Protemp-4 e 30 comStructur-3. As faces dos discos foram limpas com álcool e os espécimes divididos em12 grupos experimentais (n = 5), de acordo com tipo de resina e método de polimento (sem tratamento adicional; escova pelo-de-cabra; disco de grão grosso Sof-Lex seguido de escova pelo-de-cabra; sequência de discos Sof-Lex; disco de grão grosso Sof-Lex seguidode aplicação de Fortify; disco de grão grosso Sof-Lex seguido de Z-Prime Plus). Sessenta minutos após o polimento foi realizada a medição de cor inicial (CIE L*a*b*) e os espécimes foram imersos em café. Após 24 horas e 7 dias de imersão foram realizadas novas medições de cor. A diferença cromática foi calculada com a fórmula E* = [(L*)2+ ( _a*)2+ ( _b*)2]1/2.Os dados foram analisados com testes estatísticos segundo os métodos de Kruskal-Wallis,Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon (alfa = 0,05).Resultados: Os valores _E variaram entre 4,9-11,7 (24 horas) e 13,3-21,4 (7 dias). O aumento do tempo de imersão do bis acrílico no café conduziu a aumento de E (p < 0,001). Às 24 horas não se encontraram diferenças entre os materiais (p = 0,941). Ao fim de 7 dias o Protemp-4 mostrou valores E (p = 0,032) inferiores aos obtidos com a Structur-3. Com exceção doProtemp-4 com 7 dias de imersão, a E foi influenciada pelo método de polimento (p < 0,05) Conclusão: Todos os espécimes apresentaram valores de _E considerados clinicamente inaceitáveis.Aim: To study the effect of several polishing techniques and exposure time to a staining agent on the color stability of two bis-acrylic resins. Methods: 60 cylindrical specimens of bis-acrylic were prepared, 30 with Protemp-4 and 30 with Strutur-3. Both sides of specimens were cleaned with alcohol and the specimens were allocated to 12 experimental groups (n = 5) according to the material and surface treatment performed (without any other treatment, goat hair brushes, Sof-Lex coarser grit disc fol-lowed by goat hair brushes, Sof-Lex sequence, Sof-Lex coarser grit disc with Fortify, Sof-Lex coarser grit disc with Z-Prime Plus). Sixty minutes after polishing, the baseline colour values (CIE L*a*b*) were measured, and all the specimens were immersed in the staining solution (coffee). After 24 hours and 7 days additional measurements were taken. Colour changes were calculated by the formula: _E* = [( L*)2 + ( _a*)2 + ( _b*)2]1/2. All data were statistically analysed by non-parametric tests according to Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon methods (alpha = 0.05). Results: _E mean values ranged between 4.9 and 11.7 after 24 hours of immersion and between 13.3 and 21.4 after 7 days. Increasing the immersion time in the staining solution led to an increase of _E values (p < 0.001). After 24 hours of immersion, there were no statistical differences among materials (p = 0.941). After 7 days of immersion, Protemp-4 obtained lower E (p = 0.032) than Structur-3. The _E was influenced by the polishing technique, except for Protemp-4 after 7 days of immersion (p < 0.05). Conclusion: All specimens presented values for E that were considered clinically unaccep- table.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Impactos ambientales de la huella hídrica y la generación de residuos de alimentos utilizados en las comidas de los trabajadores de un hospital público brasileño

This study aimed to assess the environmental impacts of waste generation and the WF of raw materials used to provide meals to workers in a public hospital in southern Brazil over the course of the four seasons. This is a descriptive case study with a quant itative approach. The food raw materials that composed meals during 2019 were grouped by type of input. The items included from each food group were those which represented at least 85% (Multiple Criteria ABC Analysis) of the total amount used in kilograms within the respective group, in each month. The generation of residues from fruits, vegetables, and meat was estimated, as well as the WF of the items. For the statistical analysis, the Kruskal - Wallis test was used with a significance of 5%. Out of the 96 food inputs used, 49 items represented 86% of the total in kg, being the ones from which the environmental impacts were calculated. During the year, 435,411 meals were served. As for the number of diners, the highest frequency was observed in the winter a nd lowest in the summer. The annual waste percentage of the fruits acquired was 33.8%, being higher in the summer than in other seasons. Animal products were responsible for 64.2% of the WF, being higher in the winter. Assessing user frequencies, climatic conditions, and raw - material selection are important measures for the appropriate management of foodservices, as well as for assessing their environmental impacts.Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os impactos ambientais da geração de resíduos e da pegada hídrica (PH) das matérias - primas utilizadas na alimentação dos trabalhadores de um hospital público do sul do Brasil ao longo das quatro estações. Trata - se de um estudo de caso descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. As matérias - primas alimentares que compunham as refeições durante 2019 foram agrupadas por tipo de insumo. Os itens incluídos de cada grupo de alimentos foram aqueles que representaram pelo menos 85% (Análise Curva ABC) da quantidade total utilizada em quilogramas (kg) dentro do respectivo grupo, em cada mês. Foi estimada a geração de resíduos de frutas, hortaliças e carnes, bem como a PH dos itens. Para a análise estatística, foi utilizado o teste de Kruskal - Wallis com significância de 5%. Dos 96 insumos alimentares utilizados, 49 itens representaram 86% do total em kg, sendo aqueles a partir dos quais foram calculados os impactos ambientais. No ano, foram servidas 435.411 refeições. Quanto ao número de comensais, a maior frequência foi observada no inverno e a menor no verão. As frutas tiveram um total de 33,8% de desperdício, sendo que no verão foi observado a maior quantidade. Os produtos de origem animal foram responsáveis por 64,2% da PH, e no i nverno foi identificado os maiores valores. A avaliação das frequências dos usuários, as condições climáticas e a seleção de matérias - primas são medidas importantes para o gerenciamento adequado dos serviços de alimentação, bem como para avaliar seus impactos ambientais.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los impactos ambientales de la generación de residuos y el huela hídrica (HH) de las materias primas utilizadas par a proporcionar alimentos a los trabajadores de un hospital público en el sur de Brasil durante las cuatro estaciones Del año. Este es un estudio de caso descriptivo con un enfoque cuantitativo. Las materias primas alimentarias que componían las comidas dur ante 2019 se agruparon por tipo de insumo. Los ítems incluidos de cada grupo de alimentos fueron aquellos que representaron al menos el 85% (Análisis ABC) de la cantidad total utilizada en kilogramos (kg) dentro del grupo respectivo, en cada mes. Se estimó la generación de residuos de frutas, verduras y carnes, así como la HH de los artículos. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal - Wallis con una significancia del 5%. De los 96 insumos alimentarios utilizados, 49 ítems representaron el 86% del total en kg, siendo a partir de los cuales se calcularon los impactos ambientales. Durante el año se sirvieron 435,411 comidas. En cuanto al número de comensales, la mayor frecuencia se observó en invierno y la menor en verano. El porcentaje de de sperdicio anual de los frutos adquiridos fue del 33,8%, siendo mayor en verano que en otras temporadas. Los productos animales fueron responsables del 64,2% de la HH, siendo mayor en invierno. La evaluación de la frecuencia de los usuarios, las condiciones climáticas y la selección de materias primas son medidas importantes para la gestión adecuada de los servicios alimentarios, así como para evaluar sus impactos ambientale

Profile of international air passengers intercepted with illegal animal products in baggage at Guarulhos and Galeão airports in Brazil

Protection against biological material entering a country or region through airports is important because, through them, infectious agents can quickly reach exotic destinations and be disseminated. Illegal products of animal origin may contain hazardous infectious agents that can compromise animal and public health. The aim of this study was to identify associations between possession of illegal animal products in baggage and demographic characteristics of the passengers, as well as characteristics of their travel plans in the two main Brazilian international airports. A total of 457 passengers were divided into two groups: passengers identified as carrying illegal animal products and control. Passengers identified as carrying illegal animal products not stated on the accompanied baggage declaration completed a questionnaire, to aid in profiling. Nationality, origin, age and residency of passengers were analyzed using chi square, logistic regression and odds ratios. Passengers from Eastern Europe were the most likely to enter with animal products as were those aged between 35 and 55 years. When evaluating the departure point, the highest frequency was seen in those coming from Portugal. Passenger group, reasons for travel, amount and type of baggage were available only for passengers identified as carrying illegal animal products, noting that they prefer traveling alone, for leisure, bringing few bags. Such information can contribute to the early identification of passengers that have illegal animal products in baggage at Brazilian airports

Prevalência e fatores associados à hesitação vacinal contra a covid-19 no Maranhão, Brasil

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with hesitancy in getting the vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in Maranhão, Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional population-based study conducted from October 19 to 30, 2020. The estimates were calculated based on clustering, stratification, and non-response. A three-stage sampling was adopted, considering stratum, census tracts, and domicile. After systematic analysis, thirty sectors were selected in each stratum, totaling 150 sectors. Each sector contained a fixed number of 34 households, thus totaling 5,100 households. One individual within each household (resident for at least six months and aged one year or more) was selected by a simple random sampling. We questioned participants about their vaccination intention. Univariate association between independent variables and the outcome were verified using descriptive analysis (weighted frequencies) and Pearson's chi-square test (p &lt; 0.05). Robust multivariate analysis was performed using a three-level hierarchical model. RESULTS: We found 17.5% (95%CI 16.1–19.1%) of the 4,630 individuals interviewed to report hesitancy to be vaccinated against covid-19. After final model adjustment, vaccination hesitancy was statistically higher among residents of the cities of Imperatriz (24.0%; RP = 1.48; IC95% 1.09–2.02) and municipalities of the Grande Ilha de São Luís (20.7%; RP = 1.34; 95%CI 1.02–1.76), female individuals (19.8%; RP = 1.44; 95%CI 1.20–1.75), older adults (22.8%; RP = 1.79; IC95% 1.30–2.46), evangelicals (24.1%; RP = 1.49; 95%CI 1.24–1.79), and those without reported symptoms (18.6%; RP = 1.24; 95%CI 1.02–1.51). We found no statistical differences for other socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, as well as variables related to the labor market, behaviors, and health conditions of the interviewees. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of vaccine hesitancy in Maranhão and its association with individual, contextual, and clinical factors enable us to identify the groups and contexts of greatest resistance, requiring special attention from public strategies to ensure wide vaccination.OBJETIVOS: Estimar a prevalência e fatores associados à hesitação ao uso da vacina contra o vírus SARS-CoV-2 no Maranhão, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado de 19 a 30 de outubro de 2020. As estimativas consideraram agrupamento, estratificação e não resposta. A seleção da amostra foi realizada em três estágios (estrato, setores censitários e domicílio). Após análise sistemática, em cada estrato foram selecionados trinta setores, totalizando 150 setores, sendo o número de domicílios em cada setor fixado em 34, totalizando 5.100 domicílios e um indivíduo por domicílio (residente pelo menos há seis meses e com um ano de idade ou mais) selecionado por amostra aleatória simples. A intenção de ser vacinado foi questionada aos participantes. Foi realizada análise descritiva (frequências ponderadas) e teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson para verificar associação univariada entre as variáveis independentes e o desfecho (p &lt; 0,05). Realizou-se análise multivariada robusta utilizando-se modelagem hierarquizada em três níveis. RESULTADOS: Foram entrevistados 4.630 indivíduos. A prevalência de hesitação vacinal foi de 17,5% (IC95% 16,1–19,1%). Após ajuste final do modelo, a hesitação vacinal foi estatisticamente maior entre moradores das cidades de Imperatriz (24,0%; RP = 1,48; IC95% 1,09–2,02) e de munícipios da Grande Ilha de São Luís (20,7%; RP = 1,34; IC95% 1,02–1,76), pessoas do sexo feminino (19,8%; RP = 1,44; IC95% 1,20–1,75), idosos (22,8%; RP = 1,79; IC95% 1,30–2,46), pertencentes às religiões de denominação evangélica (24,1%; RP = 1,49; IC95% 1,24–1,79) e entre aqueles sem relato de sintomas (18,6%; RP = 1,24; IC95% 1,02–1,51). Outras características socioeconômicas e demográficas, assim como variáveis relacionadas ao mercado de trabalho, comportamentos e condições de saúde dos entrevistados, não tiveram diferença estatística. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de hesitação vacinal no Maranhão e sua associação com fatores individuais, contextuais e clínicos revelam os grupos e contextos mais resistentes e que devem merecer atenção especial das estratégias públicas para garantir a ampla vacinação

Waist circumference as a mediator of biological maturation effect on the motor coordination in children

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to: 1) examine the association of biological maturation effect on performance at a motor coordination battery and 2) to assess whether the association between biological maturation and scores obtained in motor coordination tests is mediated by some anthropometric measurement.MethodsThe convenience sample consisted of 73 male children aged 8 years old. Anthropometric data considered the height, body mass, sitting height, waist circumference, body mass index, fat mass and fat-free mass estimates. Biological maturation was assessed by the percentage of the predicted mature stature. Motor coordination was tested by the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder. A partial correlation between anthropometric measurements, z-score of maturation and the motor coordination tests were performed, controlling for chronological age. Finally, causal mediation analysis was performed.ResultsHeight, body mass, waist circumference and fat mass showed a slight to moderate inverse correlation with motor coordination. Biological maturation was significantly associated with the balance test with backward walking (r=−0.34). Total mediation of the waist circumference was identified in the association between biological maturation and balance test with backward walking (77%).ConclusionsWe identified an association between biological maturation and KTK test performance in male children and also verified that there is mediation of waist circumference. It is recommended that studies be carried out with female individuals and at other age ranges