Comparing the Use of Subgaleal and Subdural Drain in Non-acute Subdural Hematomas: Does the Hematoma Age Affect the Results?

Aim:Surgical treatment of non-acute subdural hematomas is to place a closed drainage system in the subdural area following burr-hole trepanation, but it has tendency to drain related complications. Subgaleal drain is also suggested as an alternative, but there is no consensus yet. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of hematoma age and drain insertion style on surgical outcomes.Materials and Methods:The data of 79 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups as “subdural drain” and “subgaleal drain”. Each group was further subgrouped as “chronic hematoma” and “subacute hematoma”. They were compared in terms of the capacity of draining the hematoma and complications such as pneumocephalus, recurrence and others. The effect of hematoma age on results was examined.Results:It was determined that hematoma could be evacuated more effectively in the subgaleal drain group (p=0.045). It was found that in subacute hematomas, subgaleal drain resulted in more recurrence, but prevented drain-related complications. Subgaleal drain was found to be acceptable for chronic subdural hematomas.Conclusion:The use of subgaleal drain may be an option to avoid drain-related complications. However, if the hematoma is subacute, the rate of recurrence increases

Association of Actinomyces with Allergic Rhinitis, Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy and Chronic Recurrent Tonsillitis and Its Histopathological Findings

Aim:To evaluate the prevalence of adenotonsillar Actinomyces with histopathological findings and to determine the relationship of Actinomyces with allergic rhinitis (AR), adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) and chronic recurrent tonsillitis (CRT).Materials and Methods:Histopathological sections were retrospectively analyzed in 228 patients who underwent adenoidectomy, bilateral tonsillectomy, and adenotonsillectomy. The presence of Actinomyces, cryptitis, and severity of inflammation were determined. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social v.21.0 package software. The statistical significance level was accepted as p<0.05.Results:Actinomyces was detected in 39 (17.1%) patients. Actinomyces was seen at a similar rate in ATH and CRT (p=0.08) (14.6% and 24.6%, respectively). The diameter of the tonsils with Actinomyces were larger than those without Actinomyces (p<0.01). The frequency of cryptitis in tonsils with Actinomyces histopathologically (p=0.03) and the degree of inflammation in the surface epithelium (p<0.01) were increased. Actinomyces was found more frequently in patients with AR than in patients without AR (p=0.02) (25.7% and 13%, respectively).Conclusion:Our study shows that adenotonsillar Actinomyces colonization may cause ATH, CRT and AR, and AR may be one of the factors in the etiology of ATH

Prostat karsinomunda CD105 ve CD31 ile araştırılan mikrovasküler yoğunluğun klinik ve histopatolojik bulgularla ilişkisi

Introduction: We designed this study in order to investigate the relation between histopathological and clinical properties in prostatic carcinoma patients and microvessel density (MVD) of tumoral and peritumoral tissue, assessed by CD105 and CD31 expression. Methods: A total of 100 radical prostatectomy samples, have been evaluated retrospectively with clinical and histopathological findings. Immunohistochemical markers of CD105 and CD31 were applied to the tumoral tissue and surroundings of tumor. Relation between tumoral and peritumoral CD105, CD31 and clinical or histopathological findings was evaluated. Results: CD105 and CD31 together with MVD have been found more significant in the tumoral tissue than the periphery (p<0,001). CD105 expression in the peritumoral tissue was significantly lower than the CD31 expression. A significant correlation has been found between CD105 MVD in the tumoral tissue and the preoperative serum total PSA levels and tumor volume (r=0.259, p=0.009, r=0.198, p=0.049, respectively). Tumoral CD105 expression was significantly higher in cases with perineural invasion, lymph node metastasis and local invasion (p=0.003, p=0.009, p=0.044). CD31 expression was significantly correlated with pathological stage (r=0.228, p= 0.022, p=0,034, respectively). Cases with seminal vesicle invasion and extracapsular extension had with significantly higher CD31 MVD. No significant correlation was found between peritumoral tissue MVD and clinical or histopathological findings. Discussion and Conclusion: Finding of association between CD105 and CD31 in the tumoral tissue and prognostic clinical findings, supports the importance of angiogenesis in tumoral progression. This may reveal new treatment modalities for research involving anti-angiogenic agents

Energy-efficient RL-based aerial network deployment testbed for disaster areas

Rapid deployment of wireless devices with 5G and beyond enabled a connected world. However, an immediate demand increase right after a disaster paralyzes network infrastructure temporarily. The continuous flow of information is crucial during disaster times to coordinate rescue operations and identify the survivors. Communication infrastructures built for users of disaster areas should satisfy rapid deployment, increased coverage, and availability. Unmanned air vehicles (UAV) provide a potential solution for rapid deployment as they are not affected by traffic jams and physical road damage during a disaster. In addition, ad-hoc WiFi communication allows the generation of broadcast domains within a clear channel which eases one-to-many communications. Moreover, using reinforcement learning (RL) helps reduce the computational cost and increases the accuracy of the NP-hard problem of aerial network deployment. To this end, a novel flying WiFi ad-hoc network management model is proposed in this paper. The model utilizes deep-Q-learning to maintain quality-of-service (QoS), increase user equipment (UE) coverage, and optimize power efficiency. Furthermore, a testbed is deployed on Istanbul Technical University (ITU) campus to train the developed model. Training results of the model using testbed accumulates over 90% packet delivery ratio as QoS, over 97% coverage for the users in flow tables, and 0.28 KJ/Bit average power consumption

COVID-19 unmasked global collaboration protocol:Longitudinal cohort study examining mental health of young children and caregivers during the pandemic

Background: Early empirical data shows that school-aged children, adolescents and adults are experiencing elevated levels of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, there is very little research on mental health outcomes for young children. Objectives: To describe the formation of a global collaboration entitled, 'COVID-19 Unmasked'. The collaborating researchers aim to (1) describe and compare the COVID-19 related experiences within and across countries; (2) examine mental health outcomes for young children (1 to 5 years) and caregivers over a 12-month period during the COVID-19 pandemic; (3) explore the trajectories/time course of psychological outcomes of the children and parents over this period and (4) identify the risk and protective factors for different mental health trajectories. Data will be combined from all participating countries into one large open access cross-cultural dataset to facilitate further international collaborations and joint publications. Methods: COVID-19 Unmasked is an online prospective longitudinal cohort study. An international steering committee was formed with the aim of starting a global collaboration. Currently, partnerships have been formed with 9 countries (Australia, Cyprus, Greece, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Turkey, the UK, and the United States of America). Research partners have started to start data collection with caregivers of young children aged 1-5 years old at baseline, 3-months, 6-months, and 12-months. Caregivers are invited to complete an online survey about COVID-19 related exposure and experiences, child's wellbeing, their own mental health, and parenting. Data analysis: Primary study outcomes will be child mental health as assessed by scales from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System - Early Childhood (PROMIS-EC) and caregiver mental health as assessed by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). The trajectories/time course of mental health difficulties and the impact of risk and protective factors will be analysed using hierarchical linear models, accounting for nested effects (e.g. country) and repeated measures

Is Placing Prophylactic Dural Tenting Sutures a Dogma?

Objective In this study, we investigated if and when dural tenting sutures are necessary during craniotomy. Methods Results from 437 patients aged 18 to 91 years (average, 43.5 years) who underwent supratentorial craniotomy between 2014 and 2019 were evaluated. The patients were categorized into 1 of 3 groups, patients who had at least 3 prophylactic dural tenting sutures placed before opening of the dura (group 1), at least 3 dural tenting sutures placed after surgery was completed, during closure (group 2), or no dural tenting sutures (group 3 [control]). All such sutures in groups 1 and 2 were placed in the circumference of the craniotomy and dural junction. No central dural tenting sutures were placed in any of the patients. Results Among the 437 patients, 344 underwent surgery for the first time and 93 were undergoing a second surgery. Cranial computed tomography imaging was performed for each patient 1 hour, 3 days, and 1 month after surgery. In group 1, 3 patients had a cerebral cortex contusion and 2 patients had acute subdural hematoma after the sutures were placed. In groups 2 and 3, none of the patients had a cerebral cortex contusion or acute subdural hematoma. Fewer complications were observed when dural tenting sutures were placed during postsurgical closure. Conclusion Placing dural tenting sutures is an important technique for ensuring hemostasis. However, when not needed, they seem to cause inadvertent complications. As our results suggest, knowing when and where to use them is equally important

Renal cell carcinoma : Epidemiological profile and histopathological features

Objective: Nowadays, with the use of advanced imaging methods, the incidence of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) has increased steadily and they have become recognizable at early stage. Morphologically and immunophenotypically, RCCs are divided into many different types and are divided into three main subtypes. Each type has differences in terms of genetics, biology, and behavior. The objectives of this study is to investigate the histopathological features of tumor specimens of patients operated with diagnosis of RCC. Materials and Methods: The pathology specimens and reports of 77 patients with RCC who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy were reviewed retrospectively. Descriptive and clinical data of the patients were obtained. The size, lateralization, focality, histopathological type, Fuhrman nuclear grading system (NGS), sarcomatoid change, renal sinus and vein invasions, perirenal fat tissue invasion, hilar fatty tissue invasion, ureter surgical margin, and primary tumor stage of RCC were determined. Results: According to the histopathologic type, 77.9% of the patients had clear cell RCC, 10.4% chromophobe RCC, 9.1% papillary RCC, and 2.6% multilocular RCC. The Fuhrman NGS values were 5.2% for grade 1, 61% for grade 2, 26% for grade 3, and 7.8% for grade 4. There were sarcomatoid features in only 7.8% of the patients. There were 6 patients (7.8%) with renal sinus invasion, 3 patients (3.9%) with renal vein invasion, 8 patients (10.4%) with perirenal adipose tissue invasion, 2 patients (2.6%) with hilar fat tissue invasion, and 2 patients (2.6%) with tumors at the ureter surgical margin. Pathological changes were significantly differentiated according to gender except for the primary tumor stage. Conclusion: RCCs are divided into many different types and each type has differences in terms of genetics, biology, and behavior. Due to this, the pathologist must differentiate cell types routinely by morphology and immunohistochemical markers as well as by cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis particularly when the cell type is equivocal

CO2 Laserin periferik sinir dokusuna etkilerinin elektron mikroskopik düzeyde araştırılması

TEZ810Tez (Uzmanlık) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 1990.Kaynakça (s. 46-52) var.69 s. : rnk.res. ; 30 cm.

Karataş (Merkez) ve Bahçe Köyü'nde fertil yaştaki annelerin, gebelik, doğum ve doğum sonu riskli durumlar hakkındaki bilgi, tutum ve davranışları üzerinde bir araştırma

TEZ583Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 1988.Kaynakça (s. 190-193) var.193 [21] s. : hrt. ; 30 cm.

Examination of PTSD and Depression Levels and Demographic Data of Syrian Refugee Children during the Pandemic

Background: The worldwide population of child refugees is estimated to be over 10 million. Refugee children and adolescents are among the most vulnerable groups in the world, and the pandemic created new challenges for them. Objective: This study aimed to examine the PTSD and depression levels of Syrian refugee children and adolescents, the difficulties they experienced in access to food and education, and the changes in their family income, and evaluate the effects of these factors on symptom severities of depression and PTSD. Methods: We used data obtained from 631 Syrian refugee children between the ages of 7 and 15. Assessment measures for exposure to PTSD and depression included a socio-demographic form, stressors related to COVID-19, the Child and Adolescent Trauma Survey (CATS), and the patient-rated Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI). ANCOVA is conducted to evaluate the differences between the symptoms of PTSD and depression. The regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the scales and the demographic data. Results: The study finds that 40.7% of the refugee children experienced at least one trauma, 24.9% met the criteria for PTSD, and 15.5% met the criteria for depression. The changes in income and food access are associated with PTSD and depression, while access to education is not associated with PTSD and depression. The adolescents aged between 12 and 15 show more depression and PTSD symptoms then the children aged between 7 and 11. Conclusions: The study revealed that the most risky group in refugee children and adolescents in terms of PTSD and depression were the adolescents aged between 12 and 15 and the children and adolescent whose family income was decreased and had limited access to food