Intentional Design: Crafting a Mutually Beneficial Internship Program in a University Archives and Special Collections

At the University of Nebraska at Omaha (UNO) Criss Library, archivists in Archives and Special Collections work with students at varied levels, from student employees to interns, and engagement through instruction. These interactions and employment opportunities manifest in various types of projects, ranging from long-term processing work to more individualized assignments based on the parameters of practicums and internships. In the past, most of this work was based on in-person experiences. In early 2020, UNO archivists rushed to modify and create digital projects that would sustain them and their students during an unknown stretch of working from home. As the pandemic stretched on and working from home expectations changed, students continued to need remote work and learning opportunities. UNO archivists gained several student workers and interns over the course of the pandemic. Some of the students were transferred from other departments in the library, such as Circulation, which needed more time to determine how they could work from home. Many of the students that were temporarily placed in Archives and Special Collections had no experience with archives’ work, and archivists were “ghosted” by a few student employees. Archivists did not take this personally as the pandemic affected everyone differently; they reconnected with students with redoubled efforts in flexibility and compassion. However, archivists are not superheroes; they could not be all things to students while dealing with their own pandemic-related circumstances. As a result, archivists had to identify ways in which they could engage students in meaningful work, while avoiding their own burnout or making more work for themselves. The Hagel Archivist, Digital Initiatives Archivist, and Outreach Archivist initially worked individually to create and manage their student employees and interns. Each area of student work, processing, digital collections, and outreach required different workflows for project creation, and varied methods for scaffolding projects and outcomes. Additionally, each archivist had different levels of experience in supervision and creation of student projects. The Hagel Archivist manages students on short and long-term processing projects and working with multiple students from various academic programs. The Digital Initiatives Archivist oversees digitization projects that partner onsite UNO students for digitization and editing with remote library information science (LIS) students from various programs for metadata creation. The Outreach Archivist and her students create social media content, virtual programming, and exhibits to support collections and campus-wide events. In 2021, these three archivists decided to create a more structured and well-rounded program for engaging student employees, practicum students, and interns in the various facets of archival and special collections work. This paper addresses UNO archivists’ planning for remote, in-person, and hybrid student projects in processing, digital initiatives, and outreach. It includes discussion of implementing different student projects and lessons learned. Also described is the ideation of a formalized internship design and workflow as UNO archivists look to increase remote collaboration with students even as they return to full-time in-person work. Through this work, archivists plan to create student projects that are mutually beneficial and leave their students with a sense of purpose, accomplishment, and support they can carry with them throughout their classes and into employment

Preferences for fat and basic tastes in 3-, 6- and 12-month-old infants

Fat perception received recent interest, but fat preference in human infants is a matter of debate. The objective here was to investigate fat and taste preferences in the same infants (N= 66) at 3, 6 and 12 months. Preference for a fat solution (sunflower and rapeseed oils mixed with soy lecithin) and for taste solutions (sweet, lactose; salty, NaCl; bitter, urea; sour, citric acid; umami, sodium glutamate) was evaluated. The same method was applied at each age. Mothers and their infant participated in 2 videotaped sessions, during which the 5 taste and fat solutions were assessed in a balanced order. For each taste, 4 bottles (water, tastant, tastant and water) were presented by the experimenter.Twoglobal indices were calculated to represent acceptance of the tastant relatively to water (W), based on ingested volumes and on facial expressions. At 3 and 6 mo, the fat solution was as consumed as W; but less than W at 12 mo; at all ages it elicited ‘negative’ expressions. For taste solutions, at 3 mo the sweet solution was more and the bitter one wasless consumed thanW;the bitter and the sour solutions elicited ‘negative’ expressions. At 6 and 12 mo, the sweet and salty solutions were more consumed than W and elicited ‘positive’ expressions; the bitter and sour solutions elicited negative expressions. Infants were indifferent to the umami solution. These findings are in accordance with the literature on taste preference but the indifference or rejection of the fat solution raise questions about an ‘innate’ preference for fat. The olfactory component of fat might be involved in this rejection

Chlorinated solvents transport and natural attenuation modeling in groundwater

International audienceThe purpose of this study is to compare natural attenuation models to predict transport and fate of chlorinated solvents in saturated groundwater Systems. This work was realised within the framework of the research program TRANSPOL. This program was created in order to bring a better and common practice of the use of transport models concerning various pollutants the most encountered. Real case study, Real Case 3, concerns chlorinated solvents fate and transport in groundwater

A pooled subgroup analysis of glucarpidase treatment in 86 pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients receiving high-dose methotrexate therapy in open-label trials

Acute kidney injury; Glucarpidase; MethotrexateLesió renal aguda; Glucarpidasa; MetotrexatLesión renal aguda; Glucarpidasa; MetotrexatoBackground Delayed methotrexate elimination can occur in patients undergoing high-dose methotrexate cancer treatment. Effectiveness of glucarpidase for rapidly reducing methotrexate concentrations was shown in compassionate-use trials in patients aged 0–84 years. Methods We performed post hoc analyses of infants (≥28 days to <2 years), children (≥2 to <12 years), adolescents (≥12 to <15 years), and young adults (≥15 to <25 years) from four multicenter, open-label, single-arm, glucarpidase compassionate-use trials. Patients had toxic methotrexate levels due to delayed methotrexate elimination and/or renal dysfunction, and received glucarpidase (50 U/kg). The primary endpoint was clinically important reduction (CIR) in plasma methotrexate (methotrexate ≤1 μmol/L at all post-glucarpidase measurements) based on high-performance liquid chromatography. Results Among 86 patients included in efficacy analyses, CIR was achieved by zero of one infant (0.0%), five of 16 children (31.3%), seven of 24 adolescents (29.2%), and 26/45 young adults (57.8%). Median methotrexate reduction was 98.7% or higher in each group 15 minutes post-glucarpidase. Patients with pre-glucarpidase methotrexate less than 50 μmol/L (35/42, 83.3%) were more likely to achieve CIR than those with methotrexate 50 μmol/L or higher (1/37, 2.7%). The most common treatment-related adverse event was paresthesia, occurring in three adolescents (4.5%) and six young adults (5.2%). No other treatment-related adverse event occurred in 5% or higher of any age group. Conclusion After accounting for pre-glucarpidase methotrexate levels, glucarpidase efficacy at inducing CIR in pediatric/young adult patients was consistent, with efficacy observed in the overall study population (i.e., patients aged 0–84), and no unexpected safety findings were observed. These findings demonstrate glucarpidase (50 U/kg) is an effective and well-tolerated dose for pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients

Probiotics: Achieving a Better Regulatory Fit

In 2007, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) launched the Human Microbiome Project (HMP), a $150 million initiative to characterize the microbial communities found at several different sites on the human body and to analyze the role of these microbes in human health and disease. Many lines of research have demonstrated the significant role of the microbiota in human physiology. The microbiota is involved, for example, in the healthy development of the immune system, prevention of infection from pathogenic or opportunistic microbes, and maintenance of intestinal barrier function. The HMP findings are helping us understand the role and variation of microorganisms within and across individuals, they are also promoting interest in the development of probiotic products. NIH set aside a portion of HMP funds to study the Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI) of the HMP’s scientific goals. Among the funded ELSI studies was an effort to look at the current regulatory framework for probiotics and to determine if it is a good fit for the range of probiotics that are on the market, under development, or that may be developed in the future as a result of the HMP. This article reports on the findings of a Working Group consisting of NIH-funded HMP scientists, physicians, legal academics, government regulators, industry and consumer representatives, bioethicists, food and drug lawyers, and health policymakers who were assembled to address the adequacy of the current regulatory framework for probiotics under the HMP ELSI funded project. Specifically, after discussion of the features of probiotics that are relevant to their regulation and an overview of FDA’s current regulation of probiotics, the article addresses the following questions: 1) Do current regulations adequately address the safety of new probiotic products? 2) Should probiotic foods and dietary supplements be classified as drugs and required to go through the drug approval process? 3) What types of product characterization requirements are appropriate for probiotics? 4) Are current claim regulations appropriate for probiotics and, if not, how might they be improved