When the Music Stops: Tip-of-the-Tongue Retrieval for Music

We present a study of Tip-of-the-tongue (ToT) retrieval for music, where a searcher is trying to find an existing music entity, but is unable to succeed as they cannot accurately recall important identifying information. ToT information needs are characterized by complexity, verbosity, uncertainty, and possible false memories. We make four contributions. (1) We collect a dataset - TOTMUSIC--of 2,278 information needs and ground truth answers. (2) We introduce a schema for these information needs and show that they often involve multiple modalities encompassing several Music IR sub-tasks such as lyric search, audio-based search, audio fingerprinting, and text search. (3) We underscore the difficulty of this task by benchmarking a standard text retrieval approach on this dataset. (4) We investigate the efficacy of query reformulations generated by a Large Language Model (LLM), and show that they are not as effective as simply employing the entire information need as a query--leaving several open questions for future research

Carbon isotope fractionation during aerobic biodegradation of trichloroethene by Burkholderia cepacia G4: a tool to map degradation mechanisms

The strain Burkholderia cepacia G4 aerobically mineralized trichloroethene (TCE) to CO2 over a time period of similar to20 h. Three biodegradation experiments were conducted with different bacterial optical densities at 540 nm (OD(540)s) in order to test whether isotope fractionation was consistent. The resulting TCE degradation was 93, 83.8, and 57.2% (i.e., 7.0, 16.2, and 42.8% TCE remaining) at OD(540)s of 2.0, 1.1, and 0.6, respectively. ODs also correlated linearly with zero-order degradation rates (1.99, 1.11, and 0.64 mumol h(-1)). While initial nonequilibrium mass losses of TCE produced only minor carbon isotope shifts (expressed in per mille delta C- 13(VPDB)), they were 57.2, 39.6, and 17.0parts per thousand between the initial and final TCE levels for the three experiments, in decreasing order of their OD(540)s. Despite these strong isotope shifts, we found a largely uniform isotope fractionation. The latter is expressed with a Rayleigh enrichment factor, E, and was -18.2 when all experiments were grouped to a common point of 42.8% TCE remaining. Although, decreases of epsilon to -20.7 were observed near complete degradation, our enrichment factors were significantly more negative than those reported for anaerobic dehalogenation of TCE. This indicates typical isotope fractionation for specific enzymatic mechanisms that can help to differentiate between degradation pathways

Development of multi-criteria decision support system (DSS) coupled with GIS for identifying optimal locations for soil aquifer treatment (SAT) facilities

Η διαχείριση του εμπλουτισμού των υδροφορέων αποτελεί μια ευρέως διαδομένη τεχνική, ιδιαίτερα σε υδρολογικά ευαίσθητες περιοχές, όπως αυτές της Μεσογειακής Λεκάνης, όπου οι υδατικοί πόροι είναι περιορισμένοι. Η επιλογή της χωροθέτησης έργων τεχνητού εμπλουτισμού (Τ.Ε.) αποτελεί μια πολύπλοκη διαδικασία το αποτέλεσμα της οποίας καθορίζει εν πολλοίς και την ίδια την αποτελεσματικότητα του έργου. Η εν λόγω διαδικασία περιπλέκεται εντονότερα όταν πρόκειται για τη χρηση νερών εμπλουτιμού υποβαθμισμένης ποιότητας. Βασικός στόχος της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η παρουσίαση ενός πρόδρομου εργαλείου πολυ-κριτιριακού Συστήματος Λήψης Αποφάσεων, το οποίο ενσωματώνει σε μια δυναμική πλατφόρμα: τόσο τις τεχνικές του Τ.Ε. όσο και τα γεωγραφικά χαρακτηριστικά που καθορίζουν την αποτελεσματικότητα του έργου. Το προτεινόμενο σύστημα αποτελεί προχωρημένο εργαλείο σύζευξης Συστημάτων Λήψης Αποφάσεων και Γεωγραφικών Πληροφοριών ικανό να αξιολογεί κρίσιμα ζητήματα που αφορούν σε έργα Τ.Ε. –γεωλογικά, υδρογεωλογικά, κλιματολογικά, νομικά, κοινωνικά, οικονομμικά κ.α. – με ιδιαίτερη έμφαση σε συστήματα Επεξεργασίας-Εδάφους- Υδροφόρου. Το συγκεκριμένο εργαλείο πρόκειται να ενσωματωθεί στο λογισμικό ArcGIS, σε περιβάλλον φιλικό προς το χρήστη, όπου η προβολή και επεξεργασία χωρικών δεδομένων μπορεί να πραγματοποιηθεί με τη χρήση Arc tools.Managed Aquifer Recharge is a wide-spread well-established groundwater engineering method which is largely seen as an alternative potential major source for water and this conclusion becomes even more pronounced in semi-arid and/or arid areas, such as the Mediterranean Basin. The process of site selection for the installation of a MAR facility is of paramount importance for the feasibility and effectiveness of the project itself, especially when the facility will include the use of waters of impaired quality as a recharge source. The main objective of this study is to present the developed framework of a multicriteria Decision Support System (DSS) that integrates within a dynamic platform: the main groundwater engineering parameters associated with MAR applications together with the general geographical features which determine the effectiveness of such a project. The proposed system will provide an advanced coupled DSS-GIS tool capable of handling local MAR-related issues -such as hydrogeology, topography, soil, climate etc., and spatially distributed variables -such as societal, economic, administrative, legislative etc., with special reference to Soil-Aquifer- Treatment technologies. The new SAT-selection tool in question is integrated in ArcGIS software -within a user friendly environment- where data can be processed and displayed using Arc tools for spatial analysis

Sub-arc mantle enrichment in the Sunda rear-arc inferred from HFSE systematics in high-K lavas from Java

Many terrestrial silicate reservoirs display a characteristic depletion in Nb, which has been explained in some studies by the presence of reservoirs on Earth with superchondritic Nb/Ta. As one classical example, K-rich lavas from the Sunda rear-arc, Indonesia, have been invoked to tap such a high-Nb/Ta reservoir. To elucidate the petrogenetic processes active beneath the Java rear-arc and the causes for the superchondritic Nb/Ta in some of these lavas, we studied samples from the somewhat enigmatic Javanese rear-arc volcano Muria, which allow conclusions regarding the across-arc variations in volcanic output, source mineralogy and subduction components. We additionally report some data for an along-arc sequence of lavas from the Indonesian part of the Sunda arc, extending from Krakatoa in the west to the islands of Bali and Lombok in the east. We present major and trace element concentrations, Sr–Nd–Hf–Pb isotope compositions, and high-field-strength element (HFSE: Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, W) concentrations obtained via isotope dilution and MC-ICP-MS analyses. The geochemical data are complemented by melting models covering different source compositions with slab melts formed at variable P–T conditions. The radiogenic isotope compositions of the frontal arc lavas in combination with their trace element systematics confirm previously established regional variations of subduction components along the arc. Melting models show a clear contribution of a sediment-derived component to the HFSE budget of the frontal arc lavas, particularly affecting Zr–Hf and W. In contrast, the K-rich rear-arc lavas tap more hybrid and enriched mantle sources. The HFSE budget of the rear-arc lavas is in particular characterized by superchondritic Nb/Ta (up to 25) that are attributed to deep melting involving overprint by slab melts formed from an enriched garnet–rutile-bearing eclogitic residue. Sub-arc slab melting was potentially triggered along a slab tear beneath the Sunda arc, which is the result of the forced subduction of an oceanic basement relief ~ 8 Myr ago as confirmed by geophysical studies. The purported age of the slab tear coincides with a paucity in arc volcanism, widespread thrusting of the Javanese basement crust as well as the short-lived nature of the K-rich rear-arc volcanism at that time. © 2021, The Author(s)

Mineralogical Controls on the Ti Isotope Composition of Subduction Zone Magmas

The positive Ti isotope versus SiO2-content correlation in igneous rocks reflects the fractional crystallization of Ti-bearing oxide minerals. However, Ti isotope variations of subduction-related igneous rocks indicate that the Ti isotope compositions of their mantle sources are heterogeneous and additional mineral phases may promote Ti isotope fractionation. We have determined the Ti isotope composition of well-characterized subduction-related basalts, andesites and boninites. Samples from the Solomon Islands, the Troodos ophiolite in Cyprus, and Cape Vogel in Papua New Guinea show small but resolvable variations that may be related to differences in their mantle sources. Specifically, the δ49Ti of boninites (+0.109‰ to +0.168‰) is slightly higher than that of tholeiites (−0.027‰ to +0.111‰) from the same localities (Troodos in Cyprus and Cape Vogel in Papua New Guinea). Modeling suggests the partial melting of progressively depleted mantle sources where residual Cr-spinel plays a greater role in controlling the Ti budget during partial melting. More pronounced variations in δ49Ti are clearly linked to the fractional crystallization of Ti-oxides: Samples from Rabaul Volcanic Complex (New Britain, Papua New Guinea) show increasing δ49Ti (up to +0.373‰) with increasing Ti/V and decreasing Dy/Yb. Fractional crystallization models suggest that oxide minerals and amphibole are needed to sufficiently increase the δ49Ti of these magmas. Our study highlights that the combination of diagnostic trace element patterns and Ti isotope compositions in subduction-related igneous rocks can be a powerful tool to constrain petrogenetic processes and to discriminate between different crystallizing mineral phases

Continuous evaluation of large-scale information access systems : a case for living labs

A/B testing is currently being increasingly adopted for the evaluation of commercial information access systems with a large user base since it provides the advantage of observing the efficiency and effectiveness of information access systems under real conditions. Unfortunately, unless university-based researchers closely collaborate with industry or develop their own infrastructure or user base, they cannot validate their ideas in live settings with real users. Without online testing opportunities open to the research communities, academic researchers are unable to employ online evaluation on a larger scale. This means that they do not get feedback for their ideas and cannot advance their research further. Businesses, on the other hand, miss the opportunity to have higher customer satisfaction due to improved systems. In addition, users miss the chance to benefit from an improved information access system. In this chapter, we introduce two evaluation initiatives at CLEF, NewsREEL and Living Labs for IR (LL4IR), that aim to address this growing “evaluation gap” between academia and industry. We explain the challenges and discuss the experiences organizing these living labs