1,056 research outputs found
Punitive Damages Awards in Strict Products Liability Litigation: The Doctrine, the Debate, the Defenses
SP-100 control drive assembly development
The SP-100 is an electrical generating nuclear power system for space operation. This paper describes the nuclear reactor control systems and the methods used to assure reliable performance for the 10-year design life. Reliable performance is achieved by redundancy and by selecting highly reliable components and design features. Reliability is quantified by analysis using established reliability data. Areas lacking reliability data are identified for development testing. A specific development test description is provided as an example to demonstrate how this process is meeting the system reliability goals
Land-use controls for outdoor recreation areas
Land-use planning and control is fast becoming a major issue in the United States. Dwindling natural resources, a growing population, a recognized need for a quality environment, and several incidents of controversial resource management have brought land-use problems to the public eye. State land-use legislation, numerous court cases, and extensive debate have resulted. Central to the general debate is concern over the role of government in this area, formerly considered to be the realm of the individual and private firm. This paper is designed to help clarify the role of government in land-use planning and control by analyzing the powers available to government entities in providing opportunities for outdoor recreation.https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/specialreports/1074/thumbnail.jp
Referral patterns of children with glaucoma and their caretakers in Northern Tanzania.
AIM: To describe the referral patterns of children with primary childhood glaucoma (PCG) or secondary childhood glaucoma (SCG) and their presenting symptoms in Northern Tanzania. METHODS: A retrospective observational study of children 0.48, better eye). Most of the children (60%) and their caretakers presented on their own initiative, while 24% were sent by different general health cadres and 16% by eye care professionals. Buphthalmos was the main symptom mentioned as a trigger for presentation. CONCLUSION: The study shows that most of the children presented late resulting in advanced stages of glaucoma at the time of initiation of treatment. The majority attended the referral eye department on their own initiative with buphthalmos being the most commonly described symptom. Awareness creation among caretakers of children, general health and eye care providers, ideally embedded in general child health promotion activities, is needed to increase and accelerate referrals
Two distinct halo populations in the solar neighborhood. IV. Lithium abundances
We investigate if there is a difference in the lithium abundances of stars
belonging to two halo populations of F and G main-sequence stars previously
found to differ in [alpha/Fe] for the metallicity range -1.4 < [Fe/H] < -0.7.
Li abundances are derived from the LiI 6707.8 A line measured in
high-resolution spectra using MARCS model atmospheres. Furthermore, masses of
the stars are determined from the logTeff - logg diagram by interpolating
between Yonsei-Yale evolutionary tracks. There is no significant systematic
difference in the lithium abundances of high- and low-alpha halo stars. For the
large majority of stars with masses 0.7 < M/M_sun < 0.9 and heavy-element mass
fractions 0.001 < Z < 0.006, the Li abundance is well fitted by a relation
A(Li) = a0 + a1 M + a2 Z + a3 M Z, where a0, a1, a2, and a3 are constants.
Extrapolating this relation to Z = 0 leads to a Li abundance close to the
primordial value predicted from standard Big Bang nucleosynthesis calculations
and the WMAP baryon density. The relation, however, does not apply to stars
with [Fe/H] < -1.5. We suggest that metal-rich halo stars were formed with a Li
abundance close to the primordial value, and that lithium in their atmospheres
has been depleted in time with an approximately linear dependence on stellar
mass and Z. The lack of a systematic difference in the Li abundances of high-
and low-alpha stars indicates that an environmental effect is not important for
the destruction of lithium.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and
Astrophysic
Stavovi obiteljskih lijeÄnika o elektroniÄkim alatima i dostupnosti, uporabi i pridržavanju smjernica za prevenciju kardiovaskularnih bolesti u Hrvatskoj
Family physicians are burdened with a great number of guidelines considering different
conditions they treat. We analyzed opinions of family physicians on electronic tools which help
managing chronic conditions and their influence on patient care by cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention
guideline availability, usage and adherence. A descriptive study was performed on a convenient
sample of 417 (response rate 56.0%) Croatian family physicians. Data on physician characteristics and
availability, usage and adherence to CVD prevention guidelines were analyzed. The Ļ2-test was used
for comparisons. Significance was defined as p<0.05. Family physicians who used additional electronic
tools in Electronic Health Record software on more than 80% of their patients had CVD prevention
guidelines more available (p<0.01) and used them more frequently (p<0.01). A group who used
electronic tools on more than 80% of their patients had CVD prevention guidelines available to them
frequently and used them on more than 60% of their patients, also strictly adhering to the guidelines
(p<0.01). Physicians who used CVD prevention guidelines on more than 60% of their patients spent
more time doing patient education (p=0.036). Using electronic tools helps Croatian family physicians
in terms of availability, usage and adherence to the guidelines and quality improvement.Obiteljski lijeÄnici su u radu optereÄeni velikim brojem smjernica za razliÄite bolesti. Analizirali smo njihovo miÅ”ljenje o
elektroniÄkim alatima koji im pomažu u skrbi za bolesnike s kroniÄnim bolestima i njihovom utjecaju na dostupnost, uporabu
i pridržavanje smjernica za prevenciju kardiovaskularnih bolesti (KVB). Provedeno je opisno istraživanje na uzorku od 417
(stopa odgovora 56,0%) hrvatskih obiteljskih lijeÄnika. Analizirani su podaci o znaÄajkama lijeÄnika, dostupnosti, upotrebi
i pridržavanju smjernica za prevenciju KVB. Za usporedbe je primijenjen Ļ2-test. StatistiÄka znaÄajnost je definirana kao
p<0,05. Obiteljski lijeÄnici koji su rabili dodatne elektroniÄke alate za viÅ”e od 80% svojih bolesnika imali su dostupnije smjernice
za prevenciju KVB (p<0,01) i viÅ”e su ih upotrebljavali (p<0,01). LijeÄnici koji su istodobno rabili elektroniÄke alate
na viÅ”e od 80% svojih bolesnika Äesto su imali na raspolaganju smjernice za prevenciju KVB i upotrebljavali su ih na viÅ”e od
60% svojih bolesnika, a ujedno su se strogo pridržavali smjernica (p<0,01). LijeÄnici koji su rabili smjernice za prevenciju
KVB na viÅ”e od 60% svojih bolesnika proveli su i viÅ”e vremena obrazujuÄi svoje bolesnike (p=0,036). Primjena elektroniÄkih
alata pomaže obiteljskim lijeÄnicima u Hrvatskoj u pogledu dostupnosti, upotrebe i pridržavanja smjernica te unaprjeÄenju
kvalitete skrbi
Impact of physical and biological processes on temporal variations of the ocean carbon sink in the mid-latitude North Atlantic (2002ā2016)
The ocean is currently a significant net sink for anthropogenically remobilised CO2, taking up around 24% of global emissions. Numerical models predict a diversity of responses of the ocean carbon sink to increased atmospheric concentrations in a warmer world. Here, we tested the hypothesis that increased atmospheric forcing is causing a change in the ocean carbon sink using a high frequency observational dataset derived from underway pCO2 (carbon dioxide partial pressure) instruments on ships of opportunity (SOO) and a fixed-point mooring between 2002 and 2016. We calculated an average carbon flux of 0.013 Pg yrā1 into the ocean at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (PAP) site, consistent with past estimates. In spite of the increase in atmospheric pCO2, monthly average seawater pCO2 did not show a statistically significant increasing trend, but a higher annual variability, likely due to the decreasing buffer capacity of the system. The increasing led to an increasing trend in the estimated CO2 flux into the ocean of 0.19 Ā± 0.03 mmol mā2 dayā1 per year across the entire 15 year time series, making the study area a stronger carbon sink. Seawater pCO2 variability is mostly influenced by temperature, alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) changes, with 77% of the annual seawater pCO2 changes explained by these terms. DIC is in turn influenced by gas exchange and biological production. In an average year, the DIC drawdown by biological production, as determined from nitrate uptake, was higher than the DIC increase due to atmospheric CO2 dissolution into the surface ocean. This effect was enhanced in years with high nutrient input or shallow mixed layers. Using the rate of change of DIC and nitrate, we observed Redfieldian carbon consumption during the spring bloom at a C:N ratio of 6.2 Ā± 1.6. A comparison between SOO and PAP sustained observatory data revealed a strong agreement for pCO2 and DIC. This work demonstrates that the study area has continued to absorb atmospheric CO2 in recent years with this sink enhancing over time. Furthermore, the change in pCO2 per unit nitrate became larger as surface buffer capacity changed
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