LANDSAT-4 thematic mapper Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) evaluation

A power spectrum (PS) analysis technique was used to compare thematic mapper (TM) A and P-tape data for a Washington, DC scene in two orthogonal directions, along scan and along track. The resulting effective modulation transfer functions (MTF) between the A and P data are repeatable from area to area and consistent with theoretical expectations. The average x-direction (along scan) MTF calculated with the PS technique is compared to the MTF of the cubic convolution resampling function used to create P data from A data. The two curves are nearly identical, indicating that the major factor affecting the image quality of P data relative to A data is the cubic convolution resampling

LANDSAT-4 Thematic Mapper Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) evaluation

The Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) for thematic mapping (TM) bands 3, 4, 5 and 7 is reliably estimated with the San Mateo Bridge target in the 12/31/82 scene. These results are to be compared with those from the 8/12/83 scene. Bands 1, 2 and 6 are to be analyzed with a different target possessing greater contrast. This may be possible with the underflight data comparison currently underway. The registration of this data to the TM image of 8/12/83 for a region arround the Stockton sewage pond east of San Francisco has begun. This particular approach has the advantage that the full two-dimensional MFT will be measured instead of the MFT in only one azimuth as reported

MTF analysis of LANDSAT-4 Thematic Mapper

The spatial radiance distribution of a ground target must be known to a resolution at least four to five times greater than that of the system under test when measuring a satellite sensor's modulation transfer function. Calibration of the target requires either the use of man-made special purpose targets with known properties, e.g., a small reflective mirror or a dark-light linear pattern such as line or edge, or use of relatively high resolution underflight imagery to calibrate an arbitrary ground scene. Both approaches are to be used in addition a technique that utilizes an analytical model for the scene spatial frequency power spectrum is being investigated as an alternative to calibration of the scene

Multispectral Resource Sampler (MPS): Proof of Concept. Literature survey of atmospheric corrections

Work done in combining spectral bands to reduce atmospheric effects on spectral signatures is described. The development of atmospheric models and their use with ground and aerial measurements in correcting spectral signatures is reviewed. An overview of studies of atmospheric effects on the accuracy of scene classification is provided

Evaluation of ERTS-1 image sensor spatial resolution in photographic form

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Apollo 9 multiband photography experiment 5065 Interim post-flight calibration report

Camera and filter postflight spectrum analysis for Apollo 9 multiband photography experimen

Collision Cross Sections For The Excitation Of The Schumann-Runge Dissociation Continuum In Molecular Oxygen By 20-110-keV Protons

Absolute cross sections for the excitation of the Schumann-Runge dissociation continuum of molecular oxygen have been obtained from inelastic energy-loss spectra induced by 20-110-keV protons incident on gaseous targets of molecular oxygen. Apparent differential energy loss cross sections, ionization cross sections, and total inelastic cross sections are also obtained from the energy-loss spectra. The proton energy-loss spectra have an energy resolution of about 2 eV. The energy location of the first peak in the energy-loss spectra of O2 is in general agreement with the findings of photo absorption and electron energy-loss-spectra measurements. The cross section for the Schumann-Runge dissociation continuum for 20-110-keV protons varies between 5 and 7 x 10-17 cm2 and has a broad maximum at about 60 keV. Existing theoretical treatments show poor agreement with these reported cross sections for the excitation of the dissociation continuum with respect to both absolute magnitude and curve shape. © 1971 The American Physical Society

Applied Remote Sensing Program (ARSP)

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Identificação de embarcações em imagens aerotransportadas de radar de abertura sintética (R-99 SAR) na área marítima do Brasil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar embarcações em imagens de radar obtidas pela aeronave R-99 da Força Aérea Brasileira. Dados de amplitude, obtidas na banda L e nas polarizações HH, HV, VH e VV da região de Porto de Tubarão, ES, foram processados por meio de diferentes tipos de realces, filtros, classificadores e transformadores espectrais. As imagens com maior potencial para identificar embarcações foram ainda analisadas para diferenciar embarcações militares de mercantes, considerando-se os cinco elementos de interpretação (forma, tamanho, sombra, tonalidade e fatores associados, isto é, o contexto em que as embarcações se encontram nas imagens) e as cinco fases de interpretação de imagens (detecção, reconhecimento, análise, dedução e classificação). A combinação de processamentos mais favoráveis foi o realce com contraste 50-200, seguido de filtro abertura ou erosão e classificador SVM (Support Vector Machine) ou transformação SCI (Synthetic Color Image). Foi possível discriminar embarcações nas fases de detecção e reconhecimento, enquanto a diferenciação entre embarcações mercantes e militares foi obtida nas fases de análise e dedução. No nível de classificação, não foi possível definir o tipo de embarcação militar (e.g., fragata ou contratorpedeiro) ou o tipo de embarcação mercante (e.g., petroleiro ou graneleiro)

Quantifying unpredictability: A multiple-model approach based on satellite imagery data from Mediterranean ponds.

Fluctuations in environmental parameters are increasingly being recognized as essential features of any habitat. The quantification of whether environmental fluctuations are prevalently predictable or unpredictable is remarkably relevant to understanding the evolutionary responses of organisms. However, when characterizing the relevant features of natural habitats, ecologists typically face two problems: (1) gathering long-term data and (2) handling the hard-won data. This paper takes advantage of the free access to long-term recordings of remote sensing data (27 years, Landsat TM/ETM+) to assess a set of environmental models for estimating environmental predictability. The case study included 20 Mediterranean saline ponds and lakes, and the focal variable was the water-surface area. This study first aimed to produce a method for accurately estimating the water-surface area from satellite images. Saline ponds can develop salt-crusted areas that make it difficult to distinguish between soil and water. This challenge was addressed using a novel pipeline that combines band ratio water indices and the short near-infrared band as a salt filter. The study then extracted the predictable and unpredictable components of variation in the water-surface area. Two different approaches, each showing variations in the parameters, were used to obtain the stochastic variation around a regular pattern with the objective of dissecting the effect of assumptions on predictability estimations. The first approach, which is based on Colwell's predictability metrics, transforms the focal variable into a nominal one. The resulting discrete categories define the relevant variations in the water-surface area. In the second approach, we introduced General Additive Model (GAM) fitting as a new metric for quantifying predictability. Both approaches produced a wide range of predictability for the studied ponds. Some model assumptions-which are considered very different a priori-had minor effects, whereas others produced predictability estimations that showed some degree of divergence. We hypothesize that these diverging estimations of predictability reflect the effect of fluctuations on different types of organisms. The fluctuation analysis described in this manuscript is applicable to a wide variety of systems, including both aquatic and nonaquatic systems, and will be valuable for quantifying and characterizing predictability, which is essential within the expected global increase in the unpredictability of environmental fluctuations. We advocate that a priori information for organisms of interest should be used to select the most suitable metrics estimating predictability, and we provide some guidelines for this approach