Personalidad, relaciones familiares y satisfacción con la vida en parejas casadas

Las características de la personalidad pueden modular la cohesión y la adaptabilidad familiar en las relaciones románticas, así como garantizar mayor satisfacción y bienestar. Este estudio se centró en analizar las variables personales y familiares, así como su influencia en la satisfacción con la vida de los cónyuges. Los participantes fueron 182 parejas heterosexuales casadas, con edades entre 27 y 54 años. Se aplicó la versión española del Big Five Inventory, la Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale y la Satisfaction with Life Scale. Los resultados indicaron mayores niveles de neuroticismo y cohesión familiar en las mujeres. Se observaron relaciones entre las características de la personalidad y la satisfacción con la vida, lo cual indicó efectos tanto a nivel intrapersonal (actor efects) como interpersonal (partner efects). Además, las variables personales y familiares de ambos cónyuges predijeron la satisfacción con la vida de las mujeres pero no de los hombres. Estos resultados apoyan el enfoque de interdependencia en las parejas casadas

Funcionamiento familiar, personalidad y satisfacción vital en parejas casadas.

Los estudios sobre las parejas casadas señalan que las características de personalidad de cada uno de los cónyuges, están relacionadas con la satisfacción en la pareja. Las investigaciones indican que Neuroticismo, Amabilidad y Responsabilidad son los factores de personalidad relacionados con la satisfacción matrimonial, que a su vez promueve la satisfacción vital de los cónyuges en general. Con respecto al funcionamiento familiar, la dimensión de cohesión familiar, definida como vínculos afectivos entre los miembros de la familia, ha sido iden- tificada como variable predictora del bienestar subjetivo. Las investigaciones específicas sobre la influencia que tienen los rasgos de personalidad de las parejas casadas sobre el funcionamiento familiar y marital son escasas. Tampoco existen resultados concluyentes sobre las diferencias de género, y la importancia de personalidades similares vs. diferentes como predictores de la satisfacción en la pareja. El objetivo del estudio es identificar la influencia de las características de personalidad y del funcionamiento familiar sobre la satisfacción con la vida en las relaciones de pareja, así como especificar las diferencias de género. Los participantes fueron 187 parejas casadas (N=374) con edades comprendidas entre los 27 y 54 años que complementaron el 'Big Five Inventory' (BFI-10), la Escala de la Cohesión y Adaptabilidad Familiar (CAF) y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS). Se realizaron pruebas t de Student para muestras relacionadas, análisis de varianzas, correlaciones bivariadas de Pearson y análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. Los resultados indican que existen asociaciones significativas entre personalidad, funcionamiento familiar y satisfacción con patrones diferentes para mujeres y hombres. Así como que existen diferencias de género en la predicción de la variable satisfacción. Concluimos que las parejas se parecen entre sí a nivel psicológico, pero la relación entre las variables evaluadas tiene una mayor relevancia para las mujeres que para sus marido

Conciencia emocional, estados de ánimo y rendimiento académico.

Emotional awareness is the basic emotional competence, which refers to individual differences in the way of being aware of the emotional functioning. Moods appear without specific reason, and are prolonged in time. Both are involved in multiple processes that modulate behavior and cognitive processes. Overall, the literature suggests a relationship between these variables and academic performance in school, however, is a contentious issue to be determined. The objective is to study the relationship of emotional awareness and moods academic performance. The participants were 1423 children, between 8-12 years old (M=9.88, SD=1.20), of both sexes (52.4 % girls) from Valencia. Participation was voluntary, and informed of the confidentiality of data. The assessment instruments used were Emotional Awareness Questionnarie, and Mood Questionnaire. For the statistical analysis of data SPSS V.21 was used correlation, t test, and regression analysis. The results show that there is a relationship between emotional variables and academic performance. Thus, those children with better academic performance have higher scores in Differentiating emotions, Verbal sharing emotions, Not hiding emotions, Body awareness, Attending to others¿ emotions, Analysis own emotions and Happiness. While obtained lower scores on Sadness, Fear and Anger. In conclusion, it seems that there is a relationship between emotional functioning of the child and academic results, as children with more emotional skills and better mood score. And it shows the importance of addressing emotions from the school context. In future research it would be interesting to meet other variables related to adaptation and school problems

[Survival and risk factors for neonatal mortality in a cohort of very low birth weight infants in the southern region of São Paulo city, Brazil].

Population studies can help identify the complex set of risk factors for neonatal mortality among very low birth weight infants. A cohort (2000-2001) of 213 live newborns with birth weight < 1,500g in the southern region of São Paulo city, Brazil, was studied (112 neonatal deaths and 101 survivors). Data were obtained from home interviews and hospital records. Survival analysis and multiple Cox regression were performed. The high mortality in the delivery room and in the first day of life among neonates < 1,000g and < 28 weeks gestational age and the absence of survival in neonates < 700g suggest that care was actively oriented towards newborns with better prognosis. Increased risk of neonatal mortality was associated with maternal residence in slum areas, history of previous cesarean(s), history of induced abortion(s), adolescent motherhood, vaginal bleeding, and lack of prenatal care. Cesarean section and referral of the newborn to the hospital nursery showed protective effects. Birth weight less than 1,000g and Apgar index < 7 were associated with increased risk. The high mortality was due to poor living conditions and to maternal and neonatal characteristics. Improvement in prenatal and neonatal care could reduce neonatal mortality in these infants

The effect of distance to health-care facilities on childhood mortality in rural Burkina Faso.

This study aims to investigate the relation between distance to health facilities, measured as continuous travel time, and mortality among infants and children younger than 5 years of age in rural Burkina Faso, an area with low health facility density. The study included 24,555 children born between 1993 and 2005 in the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System. The average walking time from each village to the closest health facility was obtained for both the dry and the rainy season, and its effect on infant (<1 year), child (1-4 years), and under-5 mortality overall was analyzed by Cox regression. The authors observed 3,426 childhood deaths, corresponding to a 5-year survival of 85%. Walking distance was significantly related to both infant and child mortality, although the shape of this effect varied distinctly between the 2 age groups. Overall, under-5 mortality, adjusted for confounding, was more than 50% higher at a distance of 4 hours compared with having a health facility in the village (P < 0.0001, 2 sided). The region of residence was an additional determinant for under-5 mortality. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of geographic accessibility of health care for child survival in sub-Saharan Africa and demonstrate the need to improve health-care access to achieve the Millennium Development Goals

SIM and SINASC: social representation of nurses and professional in administrative sectors who work in hospitals in the city of São Paulo

Poucos estudos analisaram o SINASC e SIM com metodologia qualitativa, visando compreender os processos e os contextos na produção dos dados. O objetivo deste artigo é estudar a representação social dos profissionais de saúde sobre as Declaração de Nascido Vivo (DN) e Declarações de Óbito (DO) perinatais. Foram realizadas 24 entrevistas com enfermeiros e outros profissionais em 16 hospitais, SUS e Não SUS, no município de São Paulo, em 2009. Foi utilizada metodologia qualitativa com a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Os profissionais se reconhecem como parte integrante do processo de produção da informação do SINASC e os discursos indicam sua incorporação na rotina de trabalho, e percebem que o treinamento é um espaço de retorno, e a compreensão das informações que produzem e conhecem sobre a utilidade das informações registradas nas DN. Apesar do médico ser legalmente responsável pela DO, frequentemente outros profissionais preenchem parte das informações. Os profissionais se sentem participantes na operação do SINASC, porém apesar de preencherem informações da DO, estes não são incorporados e se percebem como integrantes da operação do SIM.Few studies have analyzed the SINASC (Live Birth Information System) and MIS (Mortality Information System) applying qualitative methodology seeking to understand data production processes and contexts. This article aims to study the social representation of health professionals about Live Birth Certificates (LBC) and perinatal Death Certificates (DC). A total of 24 interviews were conducted with nurses and other professionals of 16 Unified Health System (SUS) and non-SUS hospitals of the city of São Paulo in 2009. Qualitative methodology was adopted along with the Collective Subject Discourse technique. Professionals acknowledged that they are an integral part of the information production process of SINASC and their reports indicate that they incorporate it in their work routine. They also perceive that training activities are a tool to understand the information produced by them and are aware of the utility of LBC information. Although physicians are legally responsible for the DC, other professionals frequently provide some of the information to complete it. The professionals see themselves as participants of the SINASC. Despite providing information to complete the DC, they do not see themselves as participants of the MIS operation

Childhood mortality and its association with household wealth in rural and semi-urban Burkina Faso

Background This study aimed to investigate the relationship between household wealth and under-5 year mortality in rural and semi-urban Burkina Faso. Methods The study included 15 543 children born between 2005 and 2010 in the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System. Information on household wealth was collected in 2009. Two separate wealth indicators were calculated by principal components analysis for the rural and the semi-urban households, which were then divided into quintiles accordingly. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to study the effect of the respective wealth measure on under-5 mortality. Results We observed 1201 childhood deaths, corresponding to 5-year survival probability of 93.6% and 88% in the semi-urban and rural area, respectively. In the semi-urban area, household wealth was significantly related to under-5 mortality after adjustment for confounding. There was a similar but non-significant effect of household wealth on infant mortality, too. There was no effect of household wealth on under-5 mortality in rural children. Conclusions Results from this study indicate that the more privileged children from the semi-urban area with access to piped water and electricity have an advantage in under-5 survival, while under-5 mortality in the rural area is rather homogeneous and still relatively hig

Early neonatal mortality according to level of hospital complexity in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil

O objetivo foi analisar o perfil dos recém-nascidos, mães e mortalidade neonatal precoce, segundo complexidade do hospital e vínculo com o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil. Estudo baseado em dados de nascidos vivos, óbitos e cadastro de hospitais. Para obter a tipologia de complexidade e o perfil da clientela, empregaram-se análise fatorial e de clusters. O SUS atende mais recém-nascidos de risco e mães com baixa escolaridade, pré-natal insuficiente e adolescentes. A probabilidade de morte neonatal precoce foi 5,6‰ nascidos vivos (65% maior no SUS), sem diferenças por nível de complexidade do hospital, exceto nos de altíssima (SUS) e média (não-SUS) complexidade. O diferencial de mortalidade neonatal precoce entre as duas redes é menor no grupo de recém-nascidos < 1.500g (22%), entretanto, a taxa é 131% mais elevada no SUS para os recém-nascidos > 2.500g. Há uma concentração de nascimentos de alto risco na rede SUS, contudo a diferença de mortalidade neonatal precoce entre a rede SUS e não-SUS é menor nesse grupo de recém-nascidos. Novos estudos são necessários para compreender melhor a elevada mortalidade de recém-nascidos > 2.500g no SUS.The aim of this study was to analyze the profile of newborns, mothers, and early neonatal mortality according to the hospital's complexity and affiliation (or lack thereof) with the Unified National Health System (SUS) in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil. The study was based on data for live births, deaths, and hospital registries. Factor and cluster analysis were used to obtain the typology of hospital complexity and user profile. The SUS treats more high-risk newborns and mothers with low schooling, insufficient prenatal care, and teenage mothers. The probability of early neonatal death was 5.6‰ live births (65% higher in the SUS), with no significant differences by level of hospital complexity, except those with extremely high (SUS) and medium (non-SUS) complexity. The difference in early neonatal mortality between the two systems was smaller in the group of newborns with birth weight < 1,500g (22%), but the rate was 131% higher in the SUS for newborns > 2,500g. There was a concentration of high-risk births in the SUS, but the difference in early neonatal mortality between SUS and non-SUS hospitals was smaller in this group of newborns. New studies are needed to elucidate the high mortality rate among newborns with birth weight > 2,500g in the SUS.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Maternal and neonatal characteristics and early neonatal mortality in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil

O objetivo foi descrever as características do recém-nascido, da mãe e da mortalidade neonatal precoce, segundo local de parto, na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil. Utilizou-se coorte de nascidos vivos vinculados aos respectivos óbitos neonatais precoces, por técnica determinística. Identificou-se o parto domiciliar a partir da Declaração de Nascido Vivo e os ocorridos em estabelecimentos a partir da vinculação com o Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde. Foram estudados 154.676 nascidos vivos, dos quais 0,3% dos nascimentos ocorreram acidentalmente em domicílio, 98,7% em hospitais e menos de 1% em outro serviço de saúde. A mortalidade foi menor no Centro de Parto Normal e nas Unidades Mistas de Saúde, condizente com o perfil de baixo risco obstétrico. As taxas mais elevadas ocorreram nos prontos-socorros (54,4 óbitos por mil nascidos vivos) e domicílios (26,7), representando um risco de morte, respectivamente, 9,6 e 4,7 vezes maior que nos hospitais (5,6). Apesar da alta predominância do parto hospitalar, há um segmento de partos acidentais tanto em domicílios como em prontos-socorros que merece atenção, por registrar elevadas taxas de mortalidade neonatal precoce.The objective was to describe maternal and neonatal characteristics and early neonatal mortality rate according to place of delivery in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil. The study linked the databases on live births and early neonatal deaths with the national hospital registry. Place of delivery was identified through certificates of live birth. There were a total of 154,676 live births: 98.7% in-hospital; 0.3% home deliveries, and 1% in other health services. Deliveries in birthing centers and small hospital units were associated with low obstetric risk and a low proportion of preterm and low birth weight infants, and as a result these services showed the lowest early neonatal mortality rate. Compared to hospital maternity ward deliveries, the early neonatal mortality rate was 4.7 times higher for home deliveries and 9.6 higher for emergency room deliveries. There is a high rate of hospital delivery care in São Paulo, but there is still a small portion of accidental home births and deliveries occurring in inappropriate health services, probably as a result of obstetric emergencies and difficulties in accessing hospital services.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Investigation of two different aspects of stem cell biology : The role of Stat3 signaling and innate immunity in human pluripotent stem cells

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold great promises as a model for development as well as a source for cells in regenerative medicine. Although hPSC research came into focus in the last decade, many aspects of the biology of hPSCs still remain unclear. Maintenance of pluripotency in murine pluripotent stem cells (mPSCs) depend on LIF-activated Stat3 signaling, whereas human PSCs appear not to require activation of this signaling pathway. In order to investigate the potential role of Stat3 signaling in hPSCs, cells were treated with a chimeric fusion protein (“IL- 6/sIL-6R”). The chimeric fusion protein is supposed to be a potent LIF agonist and thus Stat3 signaling activator. While it was reported before that hPSCs can be maintained pluripotent in suspension cultures in the presence of the chimeric protein, here IL-6/sIL-6R failed to maintain pluripotency in adherent cultures. Activation of Stat3 signaling could be observed neither at protein nor at mRNA level. To further analyze the role of Stat3 in hPSCs, a targeted gene inactivation should be established. Classical DNA transfection methods did not lead to an efficient editing. Previously, synthetic mRNA could be transfected into hPSCs with an efficiency up to 78%. Therefore, synthetic Transcription Activator-like Effector Nuclease (TALEN) mRNAs targeting the Stat3 locus were generated. Synthetic TALEN mRNAs edited the hPSC genome with an efficiency of 5%. In order to improve efficiencies, transfection with several types of synthetic mRNAs should be investigated. Synthetic mRNAs usually contain modified nucleotides in order to prevent innate immunity activation. In order to investigate if innate immunity plays a role in hPSCs, it was tested whether synthetic mRNAs without modified nucleotides (“unmodified mRNA”) can be used. As a proof of principle, hPSCs and their derivatives lt-NES cells (multipotent neural precursors) were transfected with unmodified GFP mRNA. Surprisingly, the average efficiency (51.57% for hPSCs; 43.63% for lt-NESCs) was even higher than for transfection with modified GFP mRNA (41.83% for hPSCs; 28.87% for lt-NESCs). Furthermore, the fluorescence of the translated protein appeared to be stronger. Human fibroblasts, representing somatic cells, could be transfected more efficiently (59.57%) with GFP mRNA synthesized with modified nucleotides. Unmodified GFP mRNA transfection resulted in low efficiency (42.08%) and weak fluorescence intensity, most likely due to innate immunity responses. In order to test whether attenuated immune response is the reason for accessibility for unmodified mRNAs, the innate immunity associated Interferon signaling was blocked using the inhibitor B18R. Inhibition of Interferon signaling in human fibroblasts resulted in an increase of efficiency from 32.5% up to 59.35% when unmodified mRNA was transfected. Moreover, fibroblasts expressed higher levels of IFNβ upon transfection with unmodified mRNA compared to hPSCs and lt-NES cells. Together, this let suggest that the IFNβ mediated immune response is attenuated in multi- and pluripotent cells. These findings may be of interest for further applications of synthetic mRNAs in hPSCs. For example, generation of unmodified synthetic TALEN mRNAs should lead to improved genetic engineering