46 research outputs found
German language questionnaires for assessing implementation constructs and outcomes of psychosocial and health-related interventions: a systematic review
Abstract
Background
Over the past years, implementation science has gained more and more importance in German-speaking countries. Reliable and valid questionnaires are needed for evaluating the implementation of evidence-based practices. On an international level, several initiatives focused on the identification of questionnaires used in English-speaking countries but limited their search processes to mental health and public health settings. Our aim was to identify questionnaires used in German-speaking countries measuring the implementation of interventions in public health and health care settings in general and to assess their psychometric properties.
Methods
We searched five different bibliographic databases (from 1985 to August 2017) and used several other search strategies (e.g., reference lists, forward citation) to obtain our data. We assessed the instruments, which were identified in an independent dual review process, using 12 psychometric rating criteria. Finally, we mapped the instruments’ scales and subscales in regard to the constructs of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and the Implementation Outcome Framework (IOF).
Results
We identified 31 unique instruments available for the assessment of implementation science constructs. Hospitals and other health care settings were the ones most often investigated (23 instruments), while education and childcare settings, workplace settings, and community settings lacked published instruments. Internal consistency, face and content validity, usability, and structural validity were the aspects most often described. However, most studies did not report on test-retest reliability, known-groups validity, predictive criterion validity, or responsiveness. Overall, the majority of studies did not reveal high-quality instruments, especially regarding the psychometric criteria internal consistency, structural validity, and criterion validity. In addition, we seldom detected instruments operationalizing the CFIR domains intervention characteristics, outer setting, and process, and the IOF constructs adoption, fidelity, penetration, and sustainability.
Conclusions
Overall, a sustained and continuous effort is needed to improve the reliability and validity of existing instruments to new ones. Instruments applicable to the assessment of implementation constructs in public health and community settings are urgently needed.
Trial registration
The systematic review protocol was registered in PROSPERO on October 19, 2017, under the following number:
CRD42017075208
The Smoking mind: a Psycho-cognitive perspective
Smoking behavior involves not only a biological addiction,
but also psycho-cognitive components. This runs from
smoking initiation, through to maintaining, attempts at
quitting, and relapse. This perspective is an important
element in studying and intervening in smoking behaviors.
The main aim of this narrative review is to explore tobacco
cigarette smoking behavior, considering the pivotal role of
cognitive mechanisms embedded in decision-making and
in risk judgment, with particular attention to the so-called
Optimistic Bias (OB). The mechanisms through which this
fallacy supports smoking initiation and continuance are
explored, considering the transition from young to adult
smokers and the case of light and intermittent smokers.
Furthermore, additional cognitive mechanisms associated
with the OB, which sustain smoking behavior and prevent
the efficacy of smoking cessation, are described. Finally, a
stimulus for reflection and for discussion about how the
impact of the cognitive bias perspective in tobacco cigarette
smoking is provided, focusing on how it could support
tailored interventions, both in smoking initiation prevention
in adolescents and young adults, as well as in smoking
cessation in high-risk categorie
Erfolgsstrategien zur Stabilisierung des reduzierten Körpergewichts. Erste Follow-up-Ergebnisse der Lean-Habits-Studie
[in Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin, 24, 209
Erfolgsstrategien zur Stabilisierung des reduzierten Körpergewichts. Ein-Jahres-Follow-up Ergebnisse der Lean-Habits-Studie
[Proceedings of the German Nutrition Society, 2, 7
An Instrument to Measure Adherence to Weight Loss Programs: The Compliance Praxis Survey-Diet (COMPASS-Diet)
Adherence to behavioral weight loss strategies is important for weight loss success. We aimed to examine the reliability and validity of a newly developed compliance praxis-diet (COMPASS-diet) survey with participants in a 10-week dietary intervention program. During the third of five sessions, participants of the “slim-without-diet” weight loss program (n = 253) completed the COMPASS-diet survey and provided data on demographic and clinical characteristics, and general self-efficacy. Group facilitators completed the COMPASS-diet-other scale estimating participants’ likely adherence from their perspective. We calculated internal consistency, convergent validity, and predictive value for objectively measured weight loss. Mean COMPASS-diet-self score was 82.4 (SD 14.2) and COMPASS-diet-other score 80.9 (SD 13.6) (possible range 12–108), with lowest scores in the normative behavior subscale. Cronbach alpha scores of the COMPASS-diet-self and -other scale were good (0.82 and 0.78, respectively). COMPASS-diet-self scores (r = 0.31) correlated more highly with general self-efficacy compared to COMPASS-diet-other scores (r = 0.04) providing evidence for validity. In multivariable analysis adjusted for age and gender, both the COMPASS-diet-self (F = 10.8, p < 0.001, r2 = 0.23) and other (F = 5.5, p < 0.001, r2 = 0.19) scales were significantly associated with weight loss achieved at program conclusion. COMPASS-diet surveys will allow group facilitators or trainers to identify patients who need additional support for optimal weight loss
Verhaltensänderungen und Stabilisierung des reduzierten Körpergewichts - Ergebnisse aus der Lean Habits Study
[in Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin, 25, 252