97 research outputs found

    Unveiling hidden physics at the LHC

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    The field of particle physics is at the crossroads. The discovery of a Higgs-like boson completed the Standard Model (SM), but the lacking observation of convincing resonances Beyond the SM (BSM) offers no guidance for the future of particle physics. On the other hand, the motivation for New Physics has not diminished and is, in fact, reinforced by several striking anomalous results in many experiments. Here we summarise the status of the most significant anomalies, including the most recent results for the flavour anomalies, the multi-lepton anomalies at the LHC, the Higgs-like excess at around 96 GeV, and anomalies in neutrino physics, astrophysics, cosmology, and cosmic rays. While the LHC promises up to 4 ab of integrated luminosity and far-reaching physics programmes to unveil BSM physics, we consider the possibility that the latter could be tested with present data, but that systemic shortcomings of the experiments and their search strategies may preclude their discovery for several reasons, including: final states consisting in soft particles only, associated production processes, QCD-like final states, close-by SM resonances, and SUSY scenarios where no missing energy is produced. New search strategies could help to unveil the hidden BSM signatures, devised by making use of the CERN open data as a new testing ground. We discuss the CERN open data with its policies, challenges, and potential usefulness for the community. We showcase the example of the CMS collaboration, which is the only collaboration regularly releasing some of its data. We find it important to stress that individuals using public data for their own research does not imply competition with experimental efforts, but rather provides unique opportunities to give guidance for further BSM searches by the collaborations. Wide access to open data is paramount to fully exploit the LHCs potential.Acknowledgements We thank S. Kraml for useful comments. SK is supported by the Austrian Science Fund Elise-Richter grant project number V592-N27. ND acknowledges the support of Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India via the Ramanujan Fellowship SB/S2/RJN-070/2018. BB is supported by the ERC research grant NEO-NAT no. 669668. ZB is supported in part by the MIUR grant PRIN 2017X7X85K and in part by the SRNSF grant DI- 18-335. TH is supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant No. DE-FG02-95ER40896. KC is supported in part by Taiwan Ministry of Sciences and Technology with grant number MoST- 110-2112-M-007-017-MY3. JT is supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement PHY-2019786 (The NSF AI Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Interactions, http://iaifi.org/), and by the U.S. DOE Office of High Energy Physics under grant number DE-SC0012567. A.C. and C.A.M. acknowledge financial support by the Swiss National Science Foundation, Project No. PP00P2_176884. M.H. is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, Project No. PCEFP2_181117. MB is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under grant 396021762 – TRR 257. B.C. is supported by the Italian Ministry of Research (MIUR) under the Grant No. PRIN 20172LNEEZ. A.P. is supported by the SpanishGovernment and ERDF funds from the EU Commission [grant FPA2017-84445-P] and by the Generalitat Valenciana [grant Prometeo/2017/053]. BM and XR are grateful for support from the South African Department of Science and Innovation through the SA-CERN programme and the National Research Foundation for various forms of support. MK was supported by MIUR (Italy) under a contract PRIN 2015P5SBHT and by INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza and partially supported by the ERC- 2010 DaMESyFla Grant Agreement Number: 267985. Contribution by MB is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1913923. DM acknowledges support by MIUR grant PRIN 2017L5W2PT and the INFN grant SESAMO. The work of BD is supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-SC0017987. GB acknowledges the support of the National Research Foundation of South Africa via Thuthuka grant no. 117969

    The Q2Q^2-dependence of the generalised Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn integral for the deuteron, proton and neutron

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    The Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH) sum rule connects the anomalous contribution to the magnetic moment of the target nucleus with an energy-weighted integral of the difference of the helicity-dependent photoabsorption cross sections. The data collected by HERMES with a deuterium target are presented together with a re-analysis of previous measurements on the proton. This provides a measurement of the generalised GDH integral covering simultaneously the nucleon-resonance and the deep inelastic scattering regions. The contribution of the nucleon-resonance region is seen to decrease rapidly with increasing Q2Q^2. The DIS contribution is sizeable over the full measured range, even down to the lowest measured Q2Q^2. As expected, at higher Q2Q^2 the data are found to be in agreement with previous measurements of the first moment of g1g_1. From data on the deuteron and proton, the GDH integral for the neutron has been derived and the proton--neutron difference evaluated. This difference is found to satisfy the fundamental Bjorken sum rule at Q2=5Q^2 = 5 GeV2^2.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figure

    Measurement of the Proton Spin Structure Function g1p with a Pure Hydrogen Target

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    A measurement of the proton spin structure function g1p(x,Q^2) in deep-inelastic scattering is presented. The data were taken with the 27.6 GeV longitudinally polarised positron beam at HERA incident on a longitudinally polarised pure hydrogen gas target internal to the storage ring. The kinematic range is 0.021<x<0.85 and 0.8 GeV^2<Q^2<20 GeV^2. The integral Int_{0.021}^{0.85} g1p(x)dx evaluated at Q0^2 of 2.5 GeV^2 is 0.122+/-0.003(stat.)+/-0.010(syst.).Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, RevTeX late

    Subleading-twist effects in single-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering on a longitudinally polarized hydrogen target

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    Single-spin asymmetries in the semi-inclusive production of charged pions in deep-inelastic scattering from transversely and longitudinally polarized proton targets are combined to evaluate the subleading-twist contribution to the longitudinal case. This contribution is significantly positive for (\pi^+) mesons and dominates the asymmetries on a longitudinally polarized target previously measured by \hermes. The subleading-twist contribution for (\pi^-) mesons is found to be small

    Measurement of single-spin azimuthal asymmetries in semi-inclusive electroproduction of pions and kaons on a longitudinally polarised deuterium target

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    Single-spin asymmetries have been measured for semi-inclusive electroproduction of π+\pi^+, π\pi^-, π0\pi^0 and K+K^+ mesons in deep-inelastic scattering off a longitudinally polarised deuterium target. The asymmetries appear in the distribution of the hadrons in the azimuthal angle ϕ\phi around the virtual photon direction, relative to the lepton scattering plane. The corresponding analysing powers in the sinϕ\sin \phi moment of the cross section are 0.012±0.002(stat.)±0.002(syst.)0.012 \pm 0.002 {(stat.)} \pm 0.002 {(syst.)} for π+\pi^+, 0.006±0.003(stat.)±0.002(syst.)0.006 \pm 0.003 {(stat.)} \pm 0.002 {(syst.)} for π\pi^-, 0.021±0.005(stat.)±0.003(syst.)0.021 \pm 0.005 {(stat.)} \pm 0.003 {(syst.)} for π0\pi^0 and 0.013±0.006(stat.)±0.003(syst.)0.013 \pm 0.006 {(stat.)} \pm 0.003 {(syst.)} for K+K^+. The sin2ϕ\sin 2\phi moments are compatible with zero for all particles.Comment: Revised version shortened 9 pages, 3 tables, 7 figure

    Observation of a Coherence Length Effect in Exclusive Rho^0 Electroproduction

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    Exclusive incoherent electroproduction of the rho^0(770) meson from 1H, 2H, 3He, and 14N targets has been studied by the HERMES experiment at squared four-momentum transfer Q**2>0.4 GeV**2 and positron energy loss nu from 9 to 20 GeV. The ratio of the 14N to 1H cross sections per nucleon, known as the nuclear transparency, was found to decrease with increasing coherence length of quark-antiquark fluctuations of the virtual photon. The data provide clear evidence of the interaction of the quark- antiquark fluctuations with the nuclear medium.Comment: RevTeX, 5 pages, 3 figure

    Double-Spin Asymmetry in the Cross Section for Exclusive rho^0 Production in Lepton-Proton Scattering

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    Evidence for a positive longitudinal double-spin asymmetry = 0.24 +-0.11 (stat) +-0.02 (syst) in the cross section for exclusive diffractive rho^0(770) vector meson production in polarised lepton-proton scattering was observed by the HERMES experiment. The longitudinally polarised 27.56 GeV HERA positron beam was scattered off a longitudinally polarised pure hydrogen gas target. The average invariant mass of the photon-proton system has a value of = 4.9 GeV, while the average negative squared four-momentum of the virtual photon is = 1.7 GeV^2. The ratio of the present result to the corresponding spin asymmetry in inclusive deep-inelastic scattering is in agreement with an early theoretical prediction based on the generalised vector meson dominance model.Comment: 10 pages, 4 embedded figures, LaTe

    Determination of the Deep Inelastic Contribution to the Generalised Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn Integral for the Proton and Neutron

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    The virtual photon absorption cross section differences [sigma_1/2-sigma_3/2] for the proton and neutron have been determined from measurements of polarised cross section asymmetries in deep inelastic scattering of 27.5 GeV longitudinally polarised positrons from polarised 1H and 3He internal gas targets. The data were collected in the region above the nucleon resonances in the kinematic range nu < 23.5 GeV and 0.8 GeV**2 < Q**2 < 12 GeV**2. For the proton the contribution to the generalised Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn integral was found to be substantial and must be included for an accurate determination of the full integral. Furthermore the data are consistent with a QCD next-to-leading order fit based on previous deep inelastic scattering data. Therefore higher twist effects do not appear significant.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, revte

    Flavor Decomposition of the Polarized Quark Distributions in the Nucleon from Inclusive and Semi-inclusive Deep-inelastic Scattering

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    Spin asymmetries of semi-inclusive cross sections for the production of positively and negatively charged hadrons have been measured in deep-inelastic scattering of polarized positrons on polarized hydrogen and 3He targets, in the kinematic range 0.023<x<0.6 and 1 GeV^2<Q^2<10 GeV^2. Polarized quark distributions are extracted as a function of x for up $(u+u_bar) and down (d+d_bar) flavors. The up quark polarization is positive and the down quark polarization is negative in the measured range. The polarization of the sea is compatible with zero. The first moments of the polarized quark distributions are presented. The isospin non-singlet combination Delta_q_3 is consistent with the prediction based on the Bjorken sum rule. The moments of the polarized quark distributions are compared to predictions based on SU(3)_f flavor symmetry and to a prediction from lattice QCD.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures (eps format), 10 tables in Latex New version contains tables of asymmetries and correlation matri
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