Галльский пласт в современном немецком литературном языке: структурно-системный и функционально-динамический аспекты

Диссертационное исследование Меремкуловой Татьяны Игоревны выполнено в русле контактной лингвистики, стремительно развивающейся ветви исторического языкознания, и посвящено определению структурно-системных и функционально-динамических характеристик заимствованных лексических единиц галльского пласта в системе современного немецкого литературного языка и в синхронной немецкой литературной речи.The dissertation research of Meremkulova Tatyana Igorevna is carried out in the mainstream of the contact linguistics, the rapidly developing branch of historical linguistics, and is devoted to the determination of structural-systemic and functional-dynamic characteristics of the borrowed lexical units of the Gallic layer in the system of modern German literary language and in synchronous German literary speech

Combining Structural with Functional Model Properties in Iron Synthetic Analogue Complexes for the Active Site in Rabbit Lipoxygenase

Iron complexes that model the structural and functional properties of the active iron site in rabbit lipoxygenase are described. The ligand sphere of the mononuclear pseudo-octahedral cis-(carboxylato)­(hydroxo)­iron­(III) complex, which is completed by a tetraazamacrocyclic ligand, reproduces the first coordination shell of the active site in the enzyme. In addition, two corresponding iron­(II) complexes are presented that differ in the coordination of a water molecule. In their structural and electronic properties, both the (hydroxo)­iron­(III) and the (aqua)­iron­(II) complex reflect well the only two essential states found in the enzymatic mechanism of peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, the ferric complex is shown to undergo hydrogen atom abstraction reactions with O–H and C–H bonds of suitable substrates, and the bond dissociation free energy of the coordinated water ligand of the ferrous complex is determined to be 72.4 kcal·mol–1. Theoretical investigations of the reactivity support a concerted proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism in close analogy to the initial step in the enzymatic mechanism. The propensity of the (hydroxo)­iron­(III) complex to undergo H atom abstraction reactions is the basis for its catalytic function in the aerobic peroxidation of 2,4,6-tri­(tert-butyl)­phenol and its role as a radical initiator in the reaction of dihydroanthracene with oxygen

Experimental investigations on the compaction energy for a robotic rammed earth process

Rammed earth is a construction material with a long history of traditional manufacturing. Due to its low environmental impact, positive impact on indoor climate and completely recyclable nature, its demand is also increasing in modern construction industry. However, as a consequence of the predominantly manual manufacturing processes, the production of rammed earth components is both inefficient and costly. Through the implementation of automated and robot-aided fabrication processes in the field of rammed earth construction, the opportunity to advance the digitalization of the field can raise to a new level. In this paper, general studies on the interrelation of process and material parameters and their influence on the compaction results were conducted as a basis for the development of a prototypic robotic manufacturing process. The results show that reducing the layer height can significantly decrease the impact energy. Additionally, it was shown that there is a minimum number of strokes and a minimum ramming frequency required for sufficient compaction. Furthermore, a possible workflow for a specific control of the required dry density through variation of the compaction energy with regard to the present moisture content was identified

Spectrophotometric analysis of the Ryugu rock seen by MASCOT: Searching for a carbonaceous chondrite analog

We analyze images of a rock on Ryugu acquired in situ by MASCam, camera of the MASCOT lander, with the aim of identifying possible carbonaceous chondrite (CC) analogs. The rock's reflectance ($r_{\rm F} = 0.034 \pm 0.003$ at phase angle $4.5^\circ \pm 0.1^\circ$) is consistent with Ryugu's average reflectance, suggesting that the rock is typical for this asteroid. A spectrophotometric analysis of the rock's inclusions provides clues to CC group membership. Inclusions are generally brighter than the matrix. The dominant variation in their color is a change of the visible spectral slope, with many inclusions being either red or blue. Spectral variation in the red channel hints at the presence of the 0.7~$\mu$m absorption band linked to hydrated phyllosilicates. The inclusions are unusually large for a CC; we find that their size distribution may best match that of the Renazzo (CR2) and Leoville (CV3) meteorites. The Ryugu rock does not easily fit into any of the CC groups, consistent with the idea that typical Ryugu-type meteorites are too fragile to survive atmospheric entry

Aerobic Microbial Respiration In Oceanic Oxygen Minimum Zones

Oxygen minimum zones are major sites of fixed nitrogen loss in the ocean. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of anaerobic ammonium oxidation, anammox, in pelagic nitrogen removal. Sources of ammonium for the anammox reaction, however, remain controversial, as heterotrophic denitrification and alternative anaerobic pathways of organic matter remineralization cannot account for the ammonium requirements of reported anammox rates. Here, we explore the significance of microaerobic respiration as a source of ammonium during organic matter degradation in the oxygen-deficient waters off Namibia and Peru. Experiments with additions of double-labelled oxygen revealed high aerobic activity in the upper OMZs, likely controlled by surface organic matter export. Consistently observed oxygen consumption in samples retrieved throughout the lower OMZs hints at efficient exploitation of vertically and laterally advected, oxygenated waters in this zone by aerobic microorganisms. In accordance, metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses identified genes encoding for aerobic terminal oxidases and demonstrated their expression by diverse microbial communities, even in virtually anoxic waters. Our results suggest that microaerobic respiration is a major mode of organic matter remineralization and source of ammonium (~45-100%) in the upper oxygen minimum zones, and reconcile hitherto observed mismatches between ammonium producing and consuming processes therein

Hochspezialisierte ambulante Versorgung in Krankenhäusern: eine empirische Abschätzung von Kosten, Erlösen und mögliche Strategien

'Ambulante Behandlungen im Krankenhaus werden vom Gesetzgeber zunehmend gefördert. Angesichts möglicher Kostenunterdeckungen und Mengenbudgetierungen ist die Wahl der besten Strategie für Krankenhäuser bisher unklar. Auf der Basis von 16.171 an 6 Hochschulkliniken in Deutschland prospektiv dokumentierten Konsultationen in Ermächtigungsambulanzen (3.219 Konsultationen) und Hochschulambulanzen (12.952 Konsultationen) wurden von den Autoren Kosten und Erlöse gegenüber gestellt. Der Deckungsgrad lag je nach Ambulanzart bei 27% bis 29% bezogen auf die Gesamtkosten (44% bis 47% bezogen auf die Primärkosten). Da diese Unterdeckung zu einer Unterversorgung der Bevölkerung bei spezialisierter ambulanter Behandlung führen kann, ist auch aus gesundheitspolitischer Sicht eine Überprüfung der Finanzierung sinnvoll.' (Autorenreferat)'The delivery of ambulatory care in hospitals is broadened by legislative actions in Germany. However, best strategies for hospitals are unclear due to consideration of costs, reimbursements and budgeting. We included 16,171 prospectively documented consultations from six university hospitals in Germany. The ratio of reimbursement to total cost was 27% to 29%, concerning to the type of ambulatory care. (44% to 47% concerning to variable costs). This financial deficit could cause a shortage of highly specialized ambulatory services. Health policy interventions might be necessary.' (author's abstract)

Giant Hydrogen Sulfide Plume in the Oxygen Minimum Zone off Peru Supports Chemolithoautotrophy

In Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems nutrient-rich waters are transported to the ocean surface, fuelling high photoautotrophic primary production. Subsequent heterotrophic decomposition of the produced biomass increases the oxygen-depletion at intermediate water depths, which can result in the formation of oxygen minimum zones (OMZ). OMZs can sporadically accumulate hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which is toxic to most multicellular organisms and has been implicated in massive fish kills. During a cruise to the OMZ off Peru in January 2009 we found a sulfidic plume in continental shelf waters, covering an area >5500 km2, which contained ~2.2×104 tons of H2S. This was the first time that H2S was measured in the Peruvian OMZ and with ~440 km3 the largest plume ever reported for oceanic waters. We assessed the phylogenetic and functional diversity of the inhabiting microbial community by high-throughput sequencing of DNA and RNA, while its metabolic activity was determined with rate measurements of carbon fixation and nitrogen transformation processes. The waters were dominated by several distinct γ-, δ- and ε-proteobacterial taxa associated with either sulfur oxidation or sulfate reduction. Our results suggest that these chemolithoautotrophic bacteria utilized several oxidants (oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, nitric oxide and nitrous oxide) to detoxify the sulfidic waters well below the oxic surface. The chemolithoautotrophic activity at our sampling site led to high rates of dark carbon fixation. Assuming that these chemolithoautotrophic rates were maintained throughout the sulfidic waters, they could be representing as much as ~30% of the photoautotrophic carbon fixation. Postulated changes such as eutrophication and global warming, which lead to an expansion and intensification of OMZs, might also increase the frequency of sulfidic waters. We suggest that the chemolithoautotrophically fixed carbon may be involved in a negative feedback loop that could fuel further sulfate reduction and potentially stabilize the sulfidic OMZ water

Event-by-event fluctuations at SPS

Results on event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum and net charge in Pb-Au collisions, measured by the CERES Collaboration at CERN-SPS, are presented. We discuss the centrality and beam energy dependence and compare our data to cascade calculations.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, proceedings to INPC2004 Goteborg, Swede

Accurate and efficient reconstruction of deep phylogenies from structured RNAs

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes are probably the most frequently used data source in phylogenetic reconstruction. Individual columns of rRNA alignments are not independent as a consequence of their highly conserved secondary structures. Unless explicitly taken into account, these correlation can distort the phylogenetic signal and/or lead to gross overestimates of tree stability. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches are of course amenable to using RNA-specific substitution models that treat conserved base pairs appropriately, but require accurate secondary structure models as input. So far, however, no accurate and easy-to-use tool has been available for computing structure-aware alignments and consensus structures that can deal with the large rRNAs. The RNAsalsa approach is designed to fill this gap. Capitalizing on the improved accuracy of pairwise consensus structures and informed by a priori knowledge of group-specific structural constraints, the tool provides both alignments and consensus structures that are of sufficient accuracy for routine phylogenetic analysis based on RNA-specific substitution models. The power of the approach is demonstrated using two rRNA data sets: a mitochondrial rRNA set of 26 Mammalia, and a collection of 28S nuclear rRNAs representative of the five major echinoderm groups