EuReCa ONE—27 Nations, ONE Europe, ONE Registry A prospective one month analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in 27 countries in Europe

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the EuReCa ONE study was to determine the incidence, process, and outcome for out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) throughout Europe.MethodsThis was an international, prospective, multi-centre one-month study. Patients who suffered an OHCA during October 2014 who were attended and/or treated by an Emergency Medical Service (EMS) were eligible for inclusion in the study. Data were extracted from national, regional or local registries.ResultsData on 10,682 confirmed OHCAs from 248 regions in 27 countries, covering an estimated population of 174 million. In 7146 (66%) cases, CPR was started by a bystander or by the EMS. The incidence of CPR attempts ranged from 19.0 to 104.0 per 100,000 population per year. 1735 had ROSC on arrival at hospital (25.2%), Overall, 662/6414 (10.3%) in all cases with CPR attempted survived for at least 30 days or to hospital discharge.ConclusionThe results of EuReCa ONE highlight that OHCA is still a major public health problem accounting for a substantial number of deaths in Europe.EuReCa ONE very clearly demonstrates marked differences in the processes for data collection and reported outcomes following OHCA all over Europe. Using these data and analyses, different countries, regions, systems, and concepts can benchmark themselves and may learn from each other to further improve survival following one of our major health care events

Biografieforschung: theoretische Perspektiven und methodologische Konzepte für eine re-konstruktive Geschlechterforschung

Die Biografieforschung bezeichnet einen komplexen Forschungsansatz, der auf eine lange Geschichte des wissenschaftlichen Interesses an "persönlichen Dokumenten" verweisen kann. Sie ist eine voraussetzungsvolle Forschungsperspektive, die sich in zentralen Aspekten ihres Vorgehens auf Biografien als theoretisches Konzept, als historisch-empirischen Gegenstand und als komplexe methodologische Strategie bezieht. Andere Begriffe, welche oftmals synonym gebraucht, in der Biografieforschung aber systematisch unterschieden werden, sind "Lebensgeschichte" und "Lebenslauf". Die Autorin skizziert die Perspektiven einer rekonstruktiven Geschlechterforschung innerhalb der Biografieforschung, wozu sie auf die Differenzierungen empirischer Forschung, die methodologischen Prinzipien sowie auf Datenerhebung und Datenanalyse eingeht. Sie hebt insbesondere drei Kontextrelationen bei der Interpretation eines biografischen Textes hervor: Biografie, Interaktion, kulturelle Muster und soziale Regeln. Das skizzierte Konzept von Biografieforschung begreift sie als ein offenes Programm, das vielfältige Anknüpfungspunkte zu aktuellen theoretischen Diskussionen in der Geschlechterforschung aufweist. (ICI2

Linguistische Bewusstheit und Lesenlernen: Versuch e. Prognose d. elementaren Lesefertigkeiten

Schlüter G. Linguistische Bewusstheit und Lesenlernen: Versuch e. Prognose d. elementaren Lesefertigkeiten. Bielefeld; 1986

35 Ma of climate and ocean gateway history, archived in the Transkei Basin off South Africa

The southern ocean off South Africa represents a crucial gateway for global thermohaline circulating water masses. The global heat transfer is mainly controlled by these currents, which shows their importance for the Earths climate. Two of these large scale thermohaline currents, the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and eastward flowing branches of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) have to pass this region. Due to the submarine Agulhas Plateau south of South Africa, the eastward flow path into the Indian Ocean for deep and bottom water masses is blocked. The Agulhas Passage, which is located between the African continental slope and the Agulhas Plateau, is the only gateway between the Indian and the Atlantic Ocean in this region. With less than 50 km in width, the eastward flowing currents have to rush through this constriction into the deep sea Transkei Basin, which is located between the Agulhas Plateau and the Mozambique Ridge off South Africa. In fact, the Transkei Basin is a tremendous archive for ocean current circulation on the southern hemisphere since at least Oligocene times. Only little information about the Transkei Basin sediments exists, due to the lack of any drill holes and only sparse reflection seismic data of this area. In 2005 we gathered more than 2800 km of high resolution reflection seismic data within the Transkei Basin and mapped its sedimentary deposits precisely. On the basis of these data we reconstructed palaeocurrent flow paths since the opening of the Drake Passage gateway in late Eocene times. A detailed analysis of the central Transkei Basin sediments reveals various stages of depositional and erosional processes within the past 90 Ma. In fact, we could reconstruct recurrently changing flow paths and flow strengths for both the AABW and the NADW around South Africa. Furthermore, the seafloor topography and accumulation centres within the Transkei Basin for five different time stages since the upper Cretaceous could be determined. The reasons for the changing current attributes that formed the Transkei Basin sediments have to be determined exactly, whereas tectonic events as well as climatic variations play significant roles

Seismostratigraphic analysis of the Transkei Basin: A history of deep sea current controlled sedimentation

The Earth`s climate is controlled by various factors, with large scale ocean currents playing a significant role. In particular, the global thermohaline circulation of water masses like the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), or the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), is a global motor for maintaining the exchange of water masses. The AABW and NADW have met and interacted off South Africa since Oligocene times. Here, the narrow deep Agulhas Passage gateway, located between South Africa and the submarine Agulhas Plateau, constrains bottom water exchange between the southeast Atlantic and the southwest Indian Ocean. A seismostratigraphic analysis of sedimentary structures in the Transkei Basin, which opens up at the eastern end of the Agulhas Passage, was carried out, to reconstruct the palaeocurrents off South Africa. The analysis of newly collected high resolution seismic reflection data showed the effect of large scale current deposition. There are at least 5 major sedimentary phases to observe, some of which seem to be influenced by NADW and AABW. The first stage represents ongoing deep sea sedimentation from middle Cretaceous to middle Tertiary times. Later stages are separated by discordances, which represent the onset of AABW and NADW, among others, triggered by the opening of the Drake Passage gateway (~35 Ma) and the closure of the Isthmus of Panama (~3 Ma). We found two large drift bodies located one above the other. Corresponding to their shape and position, the older drift is inferred to have been deposited by currents flowing in a north-southerly direction, whereas the younger drift lies perpendicular to it and seems to be built up by west-east flowing currents

Conspicuous seismic reflections in Upper Cretaceous sediments as evidence for black shales off South Africa

The late Cretaceous is commonly associated with greenhouse climate, which comes along with worldwide occurring, so called Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAE), and the ongoing break up of the Gondwana super-continent. Especially the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean and the beginning closure of the Tethys initiated strong variations of the ocean's currents flow paths and lead to a rapid climate change. Only little is known about these changing conditions and OAE appearances, in particular south of South Africa, at that time. A set of high resolution seismic reflection data from the submarine Transkei Basin south of South Africa shows various depositional stages for this area since the late Cretaceous. In these seismic sections, a recurrently appearing very high amplitude horizon within rather weak to homogeneous Upper Cretaceous reflections was observed. This reflector could roughly be dated to a time between ~ 80 Ma - ~ 85 Ma, which falls within the last documented big OAE 3 in the Upper Cretaceous. According to the appearance and reflection characteristics of this conspicuous reflector as well as its time/depth information, it could be the first report of black shales in a deep- sea basin within this region. Moreover, associated with the black shales, it could be the first evidence of an OAE south of South Africa

The Agulhas Drift, southwest Indian Ocean: a unique feature for ocean current reconstruction.

The Earth`s climate is controlled by many different factors with large scale ocean currents playing a significant role. Especially thermohaline circulation with water masses like the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) or the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), are a motor for maintaining the exchange of warm and cold water masses. Knowing the former current paths improves the knowledge on former climate conditions. One way to reconstruct these palaeocurrents is a seismostratigraphic analysis of sedimentary structures because they comprise an archive of transport and deposition by ocean currents. South of South Africa in the Transkei Basin the giant elongated Agulhas Drift is located, which, including underlying sediments, is a unique feature for ocean current reconstruction over the past 30 Myrs. Here, the northern hemisphere originating NADW and the southern hemisphere originating AABW meet and built up this drift body. To map the exact location and dimensions of the Agulhas Drift we gathered about 2800 km of high resolution reflection seismic data in 2005. The analysis of the data showed the effect of large scale current depositions. In total, there are at least 4 major sedimentary phases to observe, which seem to be mainly triggered by the influence of NADW and AABW. The first stage represents ongoing deep sea sedimentation in Middle Cretaceous times. Later stages are separated by discordances, which represent the onset of AABW and NADW, among others, triggered by the opening of the Drake Passage gateway (~35 Ma ago) and the closure of the Panama Isthmus (~3 Ma ago). During our investigations we found another quite large drift body located underneath the Agulhas Drift. Corresponding to its shape and position, it must have been deposited by currents flowing in a more north-southerly direction, perpendicular to recent flow paths of NADW and AABW, which move in W-E direction. Most probably we assume, this drift has been built up by a then N-S flowing branch of the AABW, roughly 15 17 Ma ago. The overlying Agulhas Drift consists of an asymmetrical body, thickening to the north and the west. Its northward migrating crest is interpreted to represent still ongoing current variations of NADW and AABW

Reconstruction of bottom currents south of South Africa by seismostratigraphic investigations of the Transkei Basin infill

The region south of South Africa is unique for studying the development of thermohaline circulations. We observe strong bottom currents, such as North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) that meet south west off South Africa and flow eastward through the Transkei Basin into the Indic. Due to their high sedimentary freight, they are the most important source for the Transkei Basin infill. The analysis of this infill gives evidence for strong bottom current activity in this region since at least late Eocene times. Newly collected high resolution seismic reflection data reveal recurrent changes in AABW and NADW flow paths and strengths that can be directly linked to large scale events, such as the opening of the Drake Passage for deep water or the closure of the Isthmus of Panama. Additionally, we observe two large sediment drifts in the basins centre which mirror stable deep sea current conditions over a long period of time. We analysed the Transkei Basin infill and produced a depositional model for the past 90 Ma. Consequentially, we reconstructed the bottom current development south of South Africa since late Eocene times