Effect of Q&P Process on 0.15C-MnSi Steels

The present study is focused on analyzing the effect of Mn amount on two experimental steel compositions, specially designed for Q&P (Quenching and Partitioning), 0.15C-2.5Mn-1.5Si and 0.15C-3Mn-1.5Si without significant contribution of Al. Two-Step Q&P thermal treatments were performed at laboratory scale in a quenching dilatometer Bähr DIL805A/D. The fractions of retained austenite were evaluated by X-ray diffraction techniques. The mechanical properties of the Q&P samples were evaluated, a strong dependence of strength, uniform elongation and strain hardening values on process parameters has been found. Higher uniform elongation were related to higher residual austenite contents. The 0.15C-3Mn-1.5Si steel showed systematically the largest mechanical values with respect to the 0.15C-2.5Mn-1.5Si steel.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Quenching and tempering (Q&T) effect on a steel for forging with Cr and Mo addition

The effect of heat treatment on the mechanical behavior of a 0,20 % steel with Cr and Mo addition is here reported. Such steel can just target the mechanical properties achievable by its intrinsic hardenability. Aim of this paper is to evaluate the mechanical behavior dependence as a function of different quenching and tempering (Q&T) treatments. Results show that, after Q&T, the material can target a - 20°C fracture appearance transition temperature (50% FATT) measured by a Charpy-V impact test making this steel suitable for low temperature application

A motivation to move: Juxtaposing the embodied practices of Pina Bausch and Ingemar Lindh

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Theatre, Dance and Performance Training on 26/3/2015, available online: http://wwww.tandfonline.com/10.1080/19443927.2014.986286In their summer newsletter of 1996, the Centre for Performance Research (CPR) announced a workshop retreat to be led by Swedish theatre practitioner Ingemar Lindh at Druidstone in West Wales. The workshop, which was supposed to run in July of 1997, did not happen due to Lindh’s untimely death in Malta a few days before. The announcement described Lindh’s work as ‘oscillating between sensuality, even eroticism, on the one hand, and a kind of choreography of everyday life, similar sometimes to the work of Pina Bausch, on the other’ (CPR 1996, p. 9). Taking the CPR comparison as its cue, this article investigates an overlapping concern between the tanztheater practice of Bausch and the laboratory theatre work of Lindh: that whether called ‘movement’ or ‘action’, a performer’s work needs to be motivated by one’s personal input (memories, thoughts, images, and other mental processes) rather than executed as an estranged and dictated vocabulary of movement. This premise was largely a result of two major influential figures in Bausch’s and Lindh’s careers: Rudolph von Laban and Étienne Decroux. The article starts with a concise contextualisation of a reaction to rigid methodology in both tanztheater and laboratory theatre, i.e. Bausch’s and Lindh’s backgrounds respectively. It then juxtaposes Laban’s and Decroux’s reflections on embodied practice, leading the way to a discussion of the matter in the practices of Bausch and Lindh. To achieve broader understanding, the juxtaposition is supported by a close reading of Rick Kemp’s (2012) and Erika Fischer-Lichte’s (2008) accounts of ‘embodied mind’

Does partial tear repair of adjacent tendons improve the outcome of supraspinatus tendonfull-thickness tear reinsertion?

AbstractBackgroundPartial tearing of the infraspinatus and/or subscapularis tendon(s) is frequently associated with supraspinatus full-thickness tears. However, limited data regarding its influence on supraspinatus surgical repair is available.PurposeOur aim was to assess the functional and anatomical outcomes of open repair of supraspinatus full-thickness tears combined with adjacent partial tearing, comparatively to a control.MethodsWe retrospectively identified 22 patients (22 shoulders) with a partial tear, most of them being a delamination tear, of the infraspinatus and/or subscapularis tendons associated with a complete detachment of the supraspinatus tendon. Twenty-seven patients (27 shoulders) treated for an isolated complete detachment of the supraspinatus tendon by open repair served as controls. The mean age was 58 years. A proximalized trans-osseous reinsertion of the supraspinatus tendon was combined with a curettage-closure of the delamination tear. Patients were evaluated with standardized MRI at last follow-up.ResultsAt a mean of 75-month follow-up, the presence of a partial tear of either infraspinatus or subscapularis, or both, did not influence function and healing rates of supraspinatus tendon repair. Conversely to the control, when a retear occurred, the functional score tended to worsen. Preoperatively, fatty muscular degeneration was more pronounced when a partial tear was present. Fatty degeneration worsened regardless of repair healing.ConclusionOpen reinsertion of a supraspinatus full-thickness tear associated with a thorough treatment of partial tear of adjacent tendons led to optimal functional and anatomical mid term outcomes. Our results suggest the presence of a partial tear of adjacent tendons could be associated with poorer function in case of supraspinatus tendon re-rupture.Level of evidenceLevel III case-control study

Corrosion behaviour of high temperature fuel cells: Issues for materials selection

The corrosion of alloy components in fuel cell is recurring issue and currently it has been leading to low performances of fuel cell and failures. This issue is more prominent in high temperature systems such as molten carbonate and solid oxide fuel cell which operate above 600 °C. The cathode side and anode side corrosion issues have been addressed by many groups but components like current collectors have not. In this framework materials selection is a key issue. Comparing different experiments it can be concluded that the choice of stainless steel (SS) is good choice. In particular, SS316L is good choice but long term test show high degradation of the components. This degradation is mainly due to migration (diffusion) of elements in oxide layer and in base material. Therefore, further studies are needed in order to deeply analyze such behavior. It will allow to better alloy compositions aimed to mitigate degradation and to design alloys showing stable performance of fuel cell

Exploring the components, asymmetry and distribution of relationship quality in wild Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus)

Social relationships between group members are a key feature of many animal societies. The quality of social relationships has been described by three main components: value, compatibility and security, based on the benefits, tenure and stability of social exchanges. We aimed to analyse whether this three component structure could be used to describe the quality of social relationships in wild Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus). Moreover, we examined whether relationship quality was affected by the sex, age and rank differences between social partners, and investigated the asymmetric nature of social relationships. We collected over 1,900 hours of focal data on seven behavioural variables measuring relationship quality, and used principal component analysis to investigate how these variables clustered together. We found that relationship quality in wild Barbary macaques can be described by a three component structure that represents the value, compatibility and security of a relationship. Female-female dyads had more valuable relationships and same-age dyads more compatible relationships than any other dyad. Rank difference had no effect on the quality of a social relationship. Finally, we found a high degree of asymmetry in how members of a dyad exchange social behaviour. We argue that the asymmetry of social relationships should be taken into account when exploring the pattern and function of social behaviour in animal societies

Colouring titanium alloys by anodic oxidation

The present study is focused on analyzing the change of colors of anodized titanium and effects of applied electrolytic voltages on chromatics. The titanium specimens were anodize in 20 g/L citric acid and 20 g/L baking soda electrolyte by use of different voltages. The colors of anodize titanium were measured with a spectrophotometer and then evaluated in the CIELAB color space. It is found that different volt produces different colors. Anodizing in the range of 15 V to 150 V produces respectively a wide spectrum of color ranging from brown to fuchsia. It can be concluded that the colors of the anodize titanium are dependent upon the applied voltages

Suitability study of Endless Strip Production technology for fabrication of api grades

Production of hot rolled strip for oil and gas transport pipelines requires a fine and homogeneousmicrostructure and careful choice of chemical composition in order to meet strength, toughness, andweldability requirements. Whilst hot rolled coils to grade X80, produced by conventional continuous castingand hot rolling, are a commercial reality, there is great interest in producing API grades manufactured by thealternative (and more economical) thin slab direct rolling route.The current work has assessed the feasibility of producing hot rolled strip of grades X65-X70 using the endlessstrip production layout (ESP), originally developed at Arvedi. The study was carried out using a metallurgicalmodelling system based on empirical equations describing austenite evolution, transformation and mechanicalproperties. Using this approach it was possible to study the effects of initial slab thickness, reduction ratio andchemical composition on the mechanical properties of strips in a thickness range of 10 to 20 mm. In this way,for each grade, the optimum rolling schedules, microstructures and chemical compositions could be obtained

Self-Protective Function of Post-Conflict Bystander Affiliation in Mandrills

Background: Affiliative interactions exchanged between victims of aggression and individuals not involved in the original aggression (bystanders) have been observed in various species. Three hypothetical functions have been proposed for these interactions: consolation, self-protection and substitute reconciliation, but data to test them are scanty. Methodology/Principal Findings: We conducted post-conflict and matched control observations on a captive group of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx). We found that victims often redirected aggression to bystanders, that they received most affiliation from those bystanders that were frequently the target of redirection, and that bystander affiliation reduced the likelihood of redirection. Bystander affiliation did not reduce the victim\u27s distress (as measured by its scratching rates) and was not received primarily from kin/friends. Finally, bystander affiliation did not reduce the likelihood of renewed aggression from the original aggressor. Conclusions/Significance: These results provide support for the self-protection hypothesis but not for the consolation and substitute reconciliation hypotheses

Interrupted quenching in high carbon steels for forgings

The present study is focused on analyzing the effect of the interrupted quenching followed by a partitioning process in a high carbon steel 0,50 % C, 1,50 % Mn, 0,40 % Si, 2,00 % Cr without significant contribution of Al. Thermal treatments were performed at laboratory scale in a quenching dilatometer Linseis R.I.T.A RL78. The fractions of retained austenite were evaluated by scanning electron microscope. The temperature for the interrupted quenching phase was evaluated based on the Koistenen and Marburger equation (adapted to the 0,50 % C steel) and the result highlights a correlation between the chosen different temperature of quenching and the fraction of retained austenite formed during the quenching step of the process