Mediale Optimierung der Kindheit?

Neben Ratgebern für Eltern und Lehrpersonen existieren ebenso Ratgebermedien, die sich an Kinder richten und die diesen zu verschiedenen Themen Ratschläge bezüglich einer Verhaltungsoptimierung darbieten. Da hierzu bislang kaum Forschungsliteratur existiert, stellt der Beitrag eine Untersuchung vor, in der an Kinder in der mittleren Kindheit adressierte mediale Ratgeberangebote auf dem Buchmarkt und im Internet erhoben und mit Blick auf die angebotenen Themen inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet wurden. Diese zeigen sich heterogen: Auf dem Buchmarkt wird vor allem Rat zu den Themen Aufklärung/Sexualität, Selbstbewusstsein/Selbstbestimmung, Soziales Verhalten/Streit/Konfliktlösung sowie Umwelt/Nachhaltigkeit gegeben. Im Internet hingegen finden sich zum Teil Themen, die auf dem Buchmarkt nicht vorkommen. Von den entsprechenden Themenüberblicken ausgehend wird anhand eines dokumentenanalytisch ausgewerteten Samples zudem eine erste Charakteristik der kommunikativen Elemente medialer Kinderratgeber herausgearbeitet. Hierbei zeigen sich Blogs im Vergleich zu Büchern überraschenderweise weniger vielfältig. Allerdings ist zu vermuten, dass sich digitale Ratgeberangebote in Bezug auf die gewählten Themen näher an der medialen Lebensrealität von Kindern in Deutschland bewegen. Basierend auf diesen ersten Ergebnissen werden Strategien für die künftige Erforschung von Ratgebermedien für Kinder auf der Angebotsseite vorgeschlagen

Ratgebermediennutzung von Eltern und frühpädagogischen Fachkräften. Eine empirische Studie

Die Autor*innen untersuchen die Gründe der Nutzung von Ratgebermedien durch Eltern und frühpädagogische Fachkräfte. Hierfür haben sie im Rahmen von Interviews mit beiden Personengruppen neben Motiven und Bedingungen der Nutzung auch in Anspruch genommene Inhalte sowie die genutzten medialen Formate erfragt und verglichen. (DIPF/Orig.

Neonatal immune tolerance induction to allow long-term studies with an immunogenic therapeutic monoclonal antibody in mice

The purpose of this study is to test the feasibility of neonatal immune tolerance induction in mice to enable long-term pharmacokinetic studies with immunogenic therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Neonatal immune tolerance was induced by transfer of a mAb to neonatal mice via colostrum from nursing mother mice treated with two subcutaneous doses of a tolerogen starting within the first 24 h after delivery. Adalimumab and efalizumab were administered as tolerogens at various dose levels. Tolerance induction was evaluated in the offspring after reaching adulthood at 8 weeks of age. After a single intravenous injection of the same mAb as used for tolerance induction, the pharmacokinetics of the mAb and formation of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) in plasma were assessed using ELISA. Tolerance induction to adalimumab was achieved in a maternal dose-dependent manner. Adalimumab immune-tolerant offspring showed a slower adalimumab clearance (4.24 ± 0.32 mL/day/kg) as compared to the control group (12.09 ± 3.81 mL/day/kg). In the control group, accelerated clearance started 7 days after adalimumab dosing, whereas immune- tolerant offspring showed a log-linear terminal concentration-time course. In the offspring, the absence of predose ADA levels was indicative of successful tolerance induction. The second test compound efalizumab was not immunogenic in mice under our experimental conditions. Overall, the present study demonstrated the suitability of neonatal immune tolerance induction for a 4-week single dose study in adult mice with a human therapeutic mAb that is otherwise immunogenic in laboratory animals

Zur Inanspruchnahme von Ratgebermedien durch sechs- bis dreizehnjährige Kinder: Eine qualitative Explorationsstudie

Ratgebermedien sind nahezu allgegenwärtig. In Buchform, im Zeitschriftenformat und auch im Internet bieten sie potentiellen Rezipientinnen und Rezipienten vielfältige Appelle und Strategien zur Optimierung des eigenen Verhaltens oder des Verhaltens anderer hinsichtlich Gesundheit, Pflege, Erziehung, Glück, Erfolg, Sich-Kleiden, Styling, Beauty, gesundem Kochen und zahlreichen weiteren Themen. Ratgebermedien existieren jedoch nicht nur für erwachsene Personengruppen wie Eltern oder Lehrkräfte, sondern auch für Kinder. Im Vergleich zur Elternratgeberforschung bilden das Angebot von Ratgebermedien für Kinder und ihre Inanspruchnahme durch Kinder bislang allerdings ein Forschungsdesiderat. Diesem Zustand begegnet der vorliegende Beitrag durch eine qualitative Explorationsstudie, in der die Inanspruchnahme von Ratgebermedien bei sechs- bis dreizehnjährigen Kindern hinsichtlich der medialen Formate und Themen untersucht wurde. Hierfür wurden neben vier Expertinnengesprächen 30 Interviews mit Kindern im Alter von sechs bis 13 Jahren inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass in der mittleren Kindheit eine hohe thematische Vielfalt an Anleitungen, Ratschlägen und Tipps mittels verschiedener Medien in Anspruch genommen wird. Von den Ergebnissen ausgehend werden Ausblicke für die künftige Erforschung von Ratgeberangeboten für Kinder herausgearbeitet.Advice media are nearly omnipresent. In book form, in magazine format and also on the Internet, they offer potential recipients a variety of appeals and strategies to optimize their own behavior or the behavior of others with regard to health, care, education, happiness, success, fashion, styling, beauty and numerous other topics. Advice media exist not only for adult groups of people such as parents or teachers, but also for children. In comparison to research on parenting advice, however, the offer of advice media for children and their use by children is currently a research desideratum. The article addresses this fact by presenting a qualitative exploratory study in which the use of advice media by six to thirteen-year-old children was examined with regard to media formats and topics. In addition to four interviews with experts, thirty interviews with children were analysed using the content analysis approach. The results show that in middle childhood a variety of topics are taken up through different media. On this basis, prospects for future research on the offer of advice media for children are derived

Expression of SEC62 Oncogene in Benign, Malignant and Borderline Melanocytic Tumors—Unmasking the Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing?

SEC62 oncogene located at chromosomal region 3q26 encodes for a transmembrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is expressed at high levels in numerous human malignancies. SEC62 overexpression has been associated with worse prognosis and high risk for lymphatic and distant metastases in head and neck cancer, cervical cancer, hepatocellular cancer, and lung cancer. However, its role in the development and tumor biology of melanocytic lesions has not been investigated so far. An immunohistochemical study including 209 patients with melanocytic lesions (malignant melanoma (MM), n = 93; melanoma metastases (MET), n = 28; Spitz nevi (SN), n = 29; blue nevi (BN), n = 21; congenital nevi (CN), n = 38) was conducted and SEC62 expression was correlated with clinical data including patient survival and histopathological characteristics. SN showed the highest SEC62 expression levels followed by MET, MM, CN, and BN. High SEC62 expression correlated with a shorter overall and progression-free survival in MM patients. Additionally, high Sec62 levels correlated significantly with higher tumor size (T stage), the presence of tumor ulceration, and the presence of lymph node as well as distant metastases. Strikingly, SEC62 expression showed a strong correlation with Clark level. Taken together, these data demonstrate that SEC62 is a promising prognostic marker in MM and has the potential to predict biological behavior and clinical aggressiveness of melanocytic lesions

Inhibition of CK2 Reduces NG2 Expression in Juvenile Angiofibroma

Juvenile angiofibroma (JA) is a rare fibrovascular neoplasm predominately found within the posterior nasal cavity of adolescent males. JA expresses the proteoglycan nerve–glial antigen (NG)2, which crucially determines the migratory capacity of distinct cancer cells. Moreover, it is known that the protein kinase CK2 regulates NG2 gene expression. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed whether the inhibition of CK2 suppresses NG2-dependent JA cell proliferation and migration. For this purpose, we assessed the expression of NG2 and CK2 in patient-derived JA tissue samples, as well as in patient-derived JA cell cultures by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR. The mitochondrial activity, proliferation and migratory capacity of the JA cells were determined by water-soluble tetrazolium (WST)-1, 5-bromo-20 -deoxyuridine (BrdU) and collagen sprouting assays. We found that NG2 and CK2 were expressed in both the JA tissue samples and cell cultures. The treatment of the JA cells with the two CK2 inhibitors, CX-4945 and SGC-CK2-1, significantly reduced NG2 gene and protein expression when compared to the vehicle-treated cells. In addition, the loss of CK2 activity suppressed the JA cell proliferation and migration. These findings indicate that the inhibition of CK2 may represent a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of NG2-expressing JA

Association energetics of cross-reactive and specific antibodies

HyHEL-8, HyHEL-10, and HyHEL-26 (HH8, HH10, and HH26, respectively) are murine monoclonal IgG1 antibodies which share over 90% variable-region amino acid sequence identity and recognize identical structurally characterized epitopes on hen egg white lysozyme (HEL). Previous immunochemical and surface plasmon resonance-based studies have shown that these antibodies differ widely in their tolerance of mutations in the epitope. While HH8 is the most cross-reactive, HH26 is rigidified by a more extensive network of intramolecular salt links and is highly specific, with both association and dissociation rates strongly affected by epitope mutations. HH10 is of intermediate specificity, and epitope mutations produce changes primarily in the dissociation rate. Calorimetric characterization of the association energetics of these three antibodies with the native antigen HEL and with Japanese quail egg white lysozyme (JQL), a naturally occurring avian variant, shows that the energetics of interaction correlate with cross-reactivity and specificity. These results suggest that the greater cross-reactivity of HH8 may be mediated by a combination of conformational flexibility and less specific intermolecular interactions. Thermodynamic calculations suggest that upon association HH8 incurs the largest configurational entropic penalty and also the smallest loss of enthalpic driving force with variant antigen. Much smaller structural perturbations are expected in the formation of the less flexible HH26 complex, and the large loss of enthalpic driving force observed with variant antigen reflects its specificity. The observed thermodynamic parameters correlate well with the observed functional behavior of the antibodies and illustrate fundamental differences in thermodynamic characteristics between cross-reactive and specific molecular recognition

Budget Processes: Theory and Experimental Evidence

This paper studies budget processes, both theoretically and experimentally. We compare the outcomes of bottom-up and top-down budget processes. It is often presumed that a top-down budget process leads to a smaller overall budget than a bottom-up budget process. Ferejohn and Krehbiel (1987) showed theoretically that this need not be the case. We test experimentally the theoretical predictions of their work. The evidence from these experiments lends strong support to their theory, both at the aggregate and the individual subject level

Cigarette Smoke Affects ABCAl Expression via Liver X Receptor Nuclear Translocation in Human Keratinocytes

Cutaneous tissue is the first barrier against outdoor insults. The outer most layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC), is formed by corneocytes embedded in a lipid matrix (cholesterol, ceramide and fatty acids). Therefore, the regulation of lipids and, in particular, of cholesterol homeostasis in the skin is of great importance. ABCA1 is a membrane transporter responsible for cholesterol efflux and plays a key role in maintaining cellular cholesterol levels. Among the many factors that have been associated with skin diseases, the environmental stressor cigarette smoke has been recently studied. In the present study, we demonstrate that ABCA1 expression in human cells (HaCaT) was increased (both mRNA and protein levels) after CS exposure. This effect was mediated by the inhibition of NFkB (aldehydes adducts formation) that allows the translocation of liver X receptor (LXR). These findings suggest that passive smoking may play a role in skin cholesterol levels and thus affect cutaneous tissues functions