The disintegration of N15 by protons

The absolute cross sections of the reactions (1) N15(p,α)C12, (2) N15(p,αγ)C12, and (3) N15(p,γ)O16 have been measured from 0.2 to 1.6 Mev. The thick target yield of reaction (1) was also measured at 0.100 Mev. Resonances were found at 0.338, 1.05, and 1.210 Mev for reaction (1); at 0.429, 0.898, 1.210, and possibly 1.05 Mev for reaction (2); and at 1.05 Mev for reaction (3). Most of the resonances follow closely the shape of the single level dispersion formula. The 1.05-Mev resonance is asymmetric and cannot be explained as easily. The cross section of reaction (1) has been extrapolated to stellar energies and is given by σ=(110 / E)×exp(-6.95E-1 / 2) barns for E in Mev in the energy region near 0.030 Mev

Applications of active microwave imagery

The following topics were discussed in reference to active microwave applications: (1) Use of imaging radar to improve the data collection/analysis process; (2) Data collection tasks for radar that other systems will not perform; (3) Data reduction concepts; and (4) System and vehicle parameters: aircraft and spacecraft

Positron-neutrino correlation in the 0^+ \to 0^+ decay of ^{32}Ar

The positron-neutrino correlation in the $0^+ \to 0^+ \beta$ decay of $^{32}$Ar was measured at ISOLDE by analyzing the effect of lepton recoil on the shape of the narrow proton group following the superallowed decay. Our result is consistent with the Standard Model prediction. For vanishing Fierz interference we find $a=0.9989 \pm 0.0052 \pm 0.0036$, which yields improved constraints on scalar weak interactions

LEED Holography applied to a complex superstructure: a direct view of the adatom cluster on SiC(111)-(3x3)

For the example of the SiC(111)-(3x3) reconstruction we show that a holographic interpretation of discrete Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) spot intensities arising from ordered, large unit cell superstructures can give direct access to the local geometry of a cluster around an elevated atom, provided there is only one such prominent atom per surface unit cell. By comparing the holographic images obtained from experimental and calculated data we illuminate validity, current limits and possible shortcomings of the method. In particular, we show that periodic vacancies such as cornerholes may inhibit the correct detection of the atomic positions. By contrast, the extra diffraction intensity due to slight substrate reconstructions, as for example buckling, seems to have negligible influence on the images. Due to the spatial information depth of the method the stacking of the cluster can be imaged down to the fourth layer. Finally, it is demonstrated how this structural knowledge of the adcluster geometry can be used to guide the dynamical intensity analysis subsequent to the holographic reconstruction and necessary to retrieve the full unit cell structure.Comment: 11 pages RevTex, 6 figures, Phys. Rev. B in pres

Integrating the framing of clinical questions via PICO into the retrieval of medical literature for systematic reviews

The PICO process is a technique used in evidence based practice to frame and answer clinical questions. It involves structuring the question around four types of clinical information: Population, Intervention, Control or comparison and Outcome. The PICO framework is used extensively in the compilation of systematic reviews as the means of framing research questions. However, when a search strategy (comprising of a large Boolean query) is formulated to retrieve studies for inclusion in the review, PICO is offen ignored. This paper evaluates how PICO annotations can be applied and integrated into retrieval to improve the screening of studies for inclusion in systematic reviews. The task is to increase precision while maintaining the high level of recall essential to ensure systematic reviews are representative and unbiased. Our results show that restricting the search strategies to match studies using PICO annotations improves precision, however recall is slightly reduced, when compared to the non-PICO baseline. This can lead to both time and cost savings when compiling systematic reviews

Real time monitoring of the Bragg-peak position in ion therapy by means of single photon detection

For real-time monitoring of the longitudinal position of the Bragg-peak during an ion therapy treatment, a novel non-invasive technique has been recently proposed that exploits the detection of prompt -rays issued from nuclear fragmentation. Two series of experiments have been performed at the GANIL and GSI facilities with 95 MeV/u and 305 MeV/u 12C6+ ion beams stopped in PMMA and water phantoms. In both experiments a clear correlation was obtained between the carbon ion range and the prompt photon profile. Additionally, an extensive study has been performed to investigate whether a prompt neutron component may be correlated with the carbon ion range. No such correlation was found. The present paper demonstrates that a collimated set-up can be used to detect single photons by means of time-of-flight measurements, at those high energies typical for ion therapy. Moreover, the applicability of the technique both at cyclotron and synchrotron facilities is shown. It is concluded that the detected photon count rates provide sufficiently high statistics to allow real-time control of the longitudinal position of the Bragg-peak under clinical conditions