567 research outputs found
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Quo vadis, paradox? Centripetal and centrifugal forces in theory development
Organizations increasingly face contradictory goals, multiple stakeholder expectations, and pluralistic missions that surface and intensify competing demands. Paradox theory offers a lens to understand and engage these tensions. Yet as research adopting a paradox lens continues to grow, scholars warn that its success could advance a dominant logic, which will ultimately hinder conceptual development and result in its downfall. We suggest that scholars can avoid this denigration by embracing theory development’s driving forces—centripetal forces that define and buffer a conceptual core and centrifugal forces aimed at challenging the core and extending its boundaries. Although these forces’ directions diverge, we depict these dual forces as paradoxical—contradictory and fundamentally interdependent. That is, we explore paradoxical forces of theory development to understand the development of paradox theory. We offer means to use, balance, and leverage these insights to help surface the black boxes in paradox research
Electron interaction with domain walls in antiferromagnetically coupled multilayers
For antiferromagnetically coupled Fe/Cr multilayers the low field
contribution to the resistivity, which is caused by the domain walls, is
strongly enhanced at low temperatures. The low temperature resistivity varies
according to a power law with the exponent about 0.7 to 1. This behavior can
not be explained assuming ballistic electron transport through the domain
walls. It is necessary to invoke the suppression of anti-localization effects
(positive quantum correction to conductivity) by the nonuniform gauge fields
caused by the domain walls.Comment: 5 pages with 3 figure
Book review: Leadership paradoxes : rethinking leadership for an uncertain world. Richard Bolden, Morgen Witzel and Nigel Linacre (eds) 9781138807129
Red Wolf Multispecies Justice Publication 2023
Our understanding of multispecies justice is still solidifying. In spring 2023, a group of Utah State University undergraduate and graduate students attended a course by Dr.Kirsten Vinyeta on Multispecies Justice and Indigenous Approaches to the Environment. Throughout this course, we studied the works of scholars and writers from a variety of social locations and identities who challenge Western theoretical frameworks in social science.
This publication celebrates our intellectual struggle with this emerging field and opens a forum for conversations about justice for humans and additional species. This issue features various writings, reflections, and photos from students taking the Multispecies Justice and Indigenous Approaches to the Environment course. Children of students and faculty also contributed artwork with multispecies elements. We would like to thank all contributors for making this publication possible. We thank Dr. Jessica Schad for her wise guidance. Our special thanks to the Community and Natural Resources Institute (CANRI) for funding the publication of this booklet
Use of gene expression profiling to identify candidate genes for pretherapeutic patient classification in acute appendicitis
Background:
Phlegmonous and gangrenous appendicitis represent independent pathophysiological entities with different clinical courses ranging from spontaneous resolution to septic disease. However, reliable predictive methods for these clinical phenotypes have not yet been established. In an attempt to provide pathophysiological insights into the matter, a genomewide gene expression analysis was undertaken in patients with acute appendicitis.
Methods:
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and, after histological confirmation of PA or GA, analysed for genomewide gene expression profiling using RNA microarray technology and subsequent pathway analysis.
Results:
Samples from 29 patients aged 7–17 years were included. Genomewide gene expression analysis was performed on 13 samples of phlegmonous and 16 of gangrenous appendicitis. From a total of 56 666 genes, 3594 were significantly differently expressed. Distinct interaction between T and B cells in the phlegmonous appendicitis group was suggested by overexpression of T cell receptor α and β subunits, CD2, CD3, MHC II, CD40L, and the B cell markers CD72 and CD79, indicating an antiviral mechanism. In the gangrenous appendicitis group, expression of genes delineating antibacterial mechanisms was found.
Conclusion:
These results provide evidence for different and independent gene expression in phlegmonous and gangrenous appendicitis in general, but also suggest distinct immunological patterns for the respective entities. In particular, the findings are compatible with previous evidence of spontaneous resolution in phlegmonous and progressive disease in gangrenous appendicitis
Magnetic fields in solar plage regions: insights from high-sensitivity spectropolarimetry
Plage regions are patches of concentrated magnetic field in the Sun's
atmosphere where hot coronal loops are rooted. While previous studies have shed
light on the properties of plage magnetic fields in the photosphere, there are
still challenges in measuring the overlying chromospheric magnetic fields,
which are crucial to understanding the overall heating and dynamics. Here, we
utilize high-sensitivity, spectropolarimetric data obtained by the four-meter
Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) to investigate the dynamic environment
and magnetic field stratification of an extended, decaying plage region. The
data show strong circular polarization signals in both plage cores and
surrounding fibrils. Notably, weak linear polarization signals clearly
differentiate between plage patches and the fibril canopy, where they are
relatively stronger. Inversions of the Ca II 8542 spectra show
an imprint of the fibrils in the chromospheric magnetic field, with typical
field strength values ranging from 200-300 G in fibrils. We confirm the
weak correlation between field strength and cooling rates in the lower
chromosphere. Additionally, we observe supersonic downflows and strong velocity
gradients in the plage periphery, indicating dynamical processes occurring in
the chromosphere. These findings contribute to our understanding of the
magnetic field and dynamics within plages, emphasizing the need for further
research to explore the expansion of magnetic fields with height and the
three-dimensional distribution of heating rates in the lower chromosphere.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Nanoconfined circular and linear DNA - equilibrium conformations and unfolding kinetics
Studies of circular DNA confined to nanofluidic channels are relevant both
from a fundamental polymer-physics perspective and due to the importance of
circular DNA molecules in vivo. We here observe the unfolding of DNA from the
circular to linear configuration as a light-induced double strand break occurs,
characterize the dynamics, and compare the equilibrium conformational
statistics of linear and circular configurations. This is important because it
allows us to determine to which extent existing statistical theories describe
the extension of confined circular DNA. We find that the ratio of the
extensions of confined linear and circular DNA configurations increases as the
buffer concentration decreases. The experimental results fall between
theoretical predictions for the extended de Gennes regime at weaker confinement
and the Odijk regime at stronger confinement. We show that it is possible to
directly distinguish between circular and linear DNA molecules by measuring the
emission intensity from the DNA. Finally, we determine the rate of unfolding
and show that this rate is larger for more confined DNA, possibly reflecting
the corresponding larger difference in entropy between the circular and linear
configurations.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl
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Diverging and Converging: Integrative Insights on a Paradox Meta-perspective
Paradox theory stands at an exciting moment in organization and management theory. Scholars increasingly seek out insights about the nature and management of contradictory demands to explain a wide array of organizational phenomena across multiple levels of analysis. Our two reviews in the 2016 Academy of Management Annals attest to this growing breadth and depth, each integrating and expanding related, yet different bodies of research. Schad, Lewis, Raisch, and Smith (2016) emphasize the depth of scholarship by analyzing an increasing number of paradox studies within management science. Putnam, Fairhurst, and Banghart (2016) highlight the breadth of scholarship by comparing paradoxes that emerge from multiple theories and paradigms that embrace an interdisciplinary orientation. By drawing on distinct literatures, these two manuscripts reveal diverse insights and reflections about paradoxical demands in organizations. In this integrative reflection, we juxtapose our two review articles, surface distinct assumptions and emphases, highlight complementarities, and raise questions for future scholarship. In doing so, we hope to fuel insights toward a meta-perspective on paradox
Word frequency in fast priming: Evidence for immediate cognitive control of eye movements during reading
Numerous studies have demonstrated effects of word frequency on eye movements during reading, but the precise timing of this influence has remained unclear. The fast priming paradigm (Sereno & Rayner, 1992) was previously used to study influences of related versus unrelated primes on the target word. Here, we used this procedure to investigate whether the frequency of the prime word has a direct influence on eye movements during reading when the prime-target relation is not manipulated. We found that with average prime intervals of 32 ms readers made longer single fixation durations on the target word in the low than in the high frequency prime condition. Distributional analyses demonstrated that the effect of prime frequency on single fixation durations occurred very early, supporting theories of immediate cognitive control of eye movements. Finding prime frequency effects only 207 ms after visibility of the prime and for prime durations of 32 ms yields new time constraints for cognitive processes controlling eye movements during reading. Our variant of the fast priming paradigm provides a new approach to test early influences of word processing on eye movement control during reading
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