Trkalian fields and Radon transformation

We write the spherical curl transformation for Trkalian fields using differential forms. Then we consider Radon transform of these fields. The Radon transform of a Trkalian field satisfies a corresponding eigenvalue equation on a sphere in transform space. The field can be reconstructed using knowledge of the Radon transform on a canonical hemisphere. We consider relation of the Radon transformation with Biot-Savart integral operator and discuss its transform introducing Radon-Biot- Savart operator. The Radon transform of a Trkalian field is an eigenvector of this operator. We also present an Ampere law type relation for these fields. We apply these to Lundquist solution. We present a Chandrasekhar-Kendall type solution of the corresponding equation in the transform space. Lastly, we focus on the Euclidean topologically massive Abelian gauge theory. The Radon transform of an anti-self-dual field is related by antipodal map on this sphere to the transform of the self-dual field obtained by inverting space coordinates. The Lundquist solution provides an example of quantization of topological mass in this context.Comment: 23 page

Testing Purchasing Power Parity for the New EU Members and Turkey : Panel Cointegration Analysis with Disaggregated CPI

This study applies multivariate panel cointegration technique to evaluate PPP hypothesis by using consumer price sub-indices of new EU member transition economies and Turkey. We aim not only to compare parameter estimates across the sectors of an economy but also across the economies at different EU transition stages. We find that failure to get evidence for cointegration to support PPP can be attributed to the inclusion of non-tradable goods in the aggregated data, as well as to the extent of trade relationship.Purchasing Power Parity, Panel cointegration, European Union, Transition economies, Turkey

Unilateral and regional trade liberalization: China's WTO accession and FTA with ASEAN

This paper investigates the impacts of trade liberalization by China. Contrary to the previous work of Wong, this paper examines not only China's accession to the WTO, but also the formation of a China-ASEAN FTA. How these two forms of trade liberalization by China may affect international trade, international capital movement, commodity and factor prices, and welfare are analyzed.

THE IMPORTANCE OF PRODUCER ORGANIZATIONS IN ORGANIC FARMING

Cooperatives, associations and trade body shall be supposed as producer organizations types in our country. Producer organizations in our country operate under the framework of regulations that they are subject to. Producer organizations have economic, cultural and social benefits

Activation and regioselectivity of five-membered cyclic thionocarbamates to nucleophilic attack

The cyclic thionocarbamate of alaninol undergoes nucleophilic attack by sulfur nucleophiles at 5-C to give 1-thiopropyl-2-amine derivatives when derivatised on nitrogen with a Boc group. Iodide under microwave conditions causes a rearrangement to the isomeric thiazolidinone, while "hard" nucleophiles react at the thione group to yield a variety of product types by subsequent C–N or C–O cleavage. X-ray crystallography studies showed that the N-Boc group reduces delocalisation of electron density from nitrogen into the thione group, and thus promotes activation of the ring to nucleophilic attack

Hamilton-Jacobi Approach to Pre-Big Bang Cosmology at Long-wavelengths

We apply the long-wavelength approximation to the low energy effective string action in the context of Hamilton-Jacobi theory. The Hamilton-Jacobi equation for the effective string action is explicitly invariant under scale factor duality. We present the leading order, general solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. The Hamilton-Jacobi approach yields a solution consistent with the with the Lagrange formalism. The momentum constraints take an elegant, simple form. Furthermore this general solution reduces to the quasi-isotropic one, if the evolution of the gravitational field is neglected. Duality transformation for the general solution is written as a coordinate transformation in an abstract field space

SEISMIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A MASONRY BUILDING SUBJECTED TO NEAR AND FAR FIELD GROUND MOTIONS

On October 23, 2011 an earthquake occurred approximately 20 km north of the province of Van,Turkey with a magnitude of Mw 7.2. Following the main earthquake, 111 aftershocks withmagnitudes of 4.0 and above occurred. The state of damage was very severe and considerableamount of unreinforced masonry buildings were affected highlighting the need for investigating theseismic design of unreinforced masonry buildings in the affected area. In this paper, seismicbehaviour of a two story masonry building designed according to the Turkish Building Seismic Code2018 is presented. The main objective of this activity was to study the near field and far field syntheticground motions, artificial ground motions and evaluating the responses to get reliable information onthe seismic response of masonry buildings

In Vitro Cytotoxicity of GuttaFlow Bioseal, GuttaFlow 2, AH-Plus and MTA Fillapex

Introduction: The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of different sealers including GuttaFlow Bioseal, GuttaFlow 2, AH-Plus and MTA Fillapex on L929 murine fibroblasts. Methods and Materials: Samples of GuttaFlow Bioseal, GuttaFlow 2, AH-Plus and MTA Fillapex were fabricated in Teflon disks of 5 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness. L929 fibroblasts were exposed to the extracts of these materials for 3, 24, 72 and 168 h at 37°C with 5% CO2. Cell viability was evaluated by the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The data were analysed by ANOVA. Results: GuttaFlow Bioseal was nontoxic at all experimental time points (P>0.05), whereas MTA Fillapex and AH-Plus were toxic (P<0.001). At 7 days, there were more viable cells in the GuttaFlow 2 group than in the control group, and MTA Fillapex was more cytotoxic than AH-Plus. There were more apoptotic cells in the MTA Fillapex and AH-Plus groups than in the other groups at 3 h (P<0.001). Conclusion: GuttaFlow sealers are less cytotoxic than MTA Fillapex and AH-Plus. At all experimental time points, there was no significant difference in the cell viability between the GuttaFlow Bioseal group and the control group.Keywords: AH-Plus; Cytotoxicity; GuttaFlow Bioseal; GuttaFlow 2; MTA Fillapex; MTT Assay; TUNEL Assa