La recepción de Vico en Unamuno

Un estudio sobre la recepción de Giambattista Vico en Miguel de Unamuno, en relación con Benedetto Croce, y la influencia en el filósofo español de conceptos viquianos como los de "fantasía" y "barbarie".A study on the reception of Giambattista Vico in Miguel de Unamuno, in relation with Benedetto Croce, and the influence in Spanish thinker of Vico's concepts like those of "fantasy" and "barbarism"

Zubiri y la filosofia de la religion

Si esamina la filosofia della religione di Zubir

Ispirazione poetica ed esperienza religiosa. Il silenzio nella poesia e nella preghiera

The essay analyzes the Henri Bremond's concept of prayer and poetry in psychological, metaphysical, religious and mystical aspects

Philosophy and Religion in Unamuno: the nihilism

The Unamuno’s thought can be interpreted as an original philosophy of Religion. In this essay I study the relashionship between the philosophy and Religion with a particular interest for the novel, San Manuel Bueno, mártir.El pensamiento de Unamuno se puede interpretar como una original filosofía de la religión. En este ensayo se investiga la relación entre filosofía y religión con especial referencia a la novela, San Manuel Bueno, mártir

Ocho miradas al pensamiento español del siglo XX

La reflexión de Unamuno sobre la figura de Cristo concierne tanto a las implicaciones estético-literarias, como a las perspectivas filosófico-teológicas. La obra de Unamuno presenta todos los rasgos de organicidad y sistematicidad, sin incurrir en contradicciones –en cuanto estamos frente a unas paradojas–; ella no sería plenamente comprensible si no se evidenciasen las bases filosóficas y las preocupaciones teológicas. De hecho, sólo a la luz de una filosofía de la religión, las búsquedas centradas sobre el único problema –el del ansia de inmortalidad del hombre concreto– llegan a una perspectiva coherente y unitaria, si bien eso no excluye una evolución intelectual y existencial. La inquietud dialéctica, intrínseca a la fe, caracteriza la actitud de fondo de Unamuno

Computer aided modelling to simulate the biomechanical behaviour of customised orthodontic removable appliances

In the field of orthodontics, the use of Removable Thermoplastic Appliances (RTAs) to treat moderate malocclusion problems is progressively replacing traditional fixed brackets. Generally, these orthodontic devices are designed on the basis of individual anatomies and customised requirements. However, many elements may affect the effectiveness of a RTA-based therapy: accuracies of anatomical reference models, clinical treatment strategies, shape features and mechanical properties of the appliances. In this paper, a numerical model for customised orthodontic treatments planning is proposed by means of the finite element method. The model integrates individual patient’s teeth, periodontal ligaments, bone tissue with structural and geometrical attributes of the appliances. The anatomical tissues are reconstructed by a multi-modality imaging technique, which combines 3D data obtained by an optical scanner (visible tissues) and a computerised tomography system (internal tissues). The mechanical interactions between anatomical shapes and appliance models are simulated through finite element analyses. The numerical approach allows a dental technician to predict how the RTA attributes affect tooth movements. In this work, treatments considering rotation movements for a maxillary incisor and a maxillary canine have been analysed by using multi-tooth models

Computational design and engineering of polymeric orthodontic aligners

Transparent and removable aligners represent an effective solution to correct various orthodontic malocclusions through minimally invasive procedures. An aligner-based treatment requires patients to sequentially wear dentition-mating shells obtained by thermoforming polymeric disks on reference dental models. An aligner is shaped introducing a geometrical mismatch with respect to the actual tooth positions to induce a loading system, which moves the target teeth toward the correct positions. The common practice is based on selecting the aligner features (material, thickness, and auxiliary elements) by only considering clinician's subjective assessments. In this article, a computational design and engineering methodology has been developed to reconstruct anatomical tissues, to model parametric aligner shapes, to simulate orthodontic movements, and to enhance the aligner design. The proposed approach integrates computer-aided technologies, from tomographic imaging to optical scanning, from parametric modeling to finite element analyses, within a 3-dimensional digital framework. The anatomical modeling provides anatomies, including teeth (roots and crowns), jaw bones, and periodontal ligaments, which are the references for the down streaming parametric aligner shaping. The biomechanical interactions between anatomical models and aligner geometries are virtually reproduced using a finite element analysis software. The methodology allows numerical simulations of patient-specific conditions and the comparative analyses of different aligner configurations. In this article, the digital framework has been used to study the influence of various auxiliary elements on the loading system delivered to a maxillary and a mandibular central incisor during an orthodontic tipping movement. Numerical simulations have shown a high dependency of the orthodontic tooth movement on the auxiliary element configuration, which should then be accurately selected to maximize the aligner's effectiveness

Nonlinear dependency of tooth movement on force system directions

Moment-to-force ratios (M:F) define the type of tooth movement. Typically, the relationship between M:F and tooth movement has been analyzed in a single plane. Hence, limited information is available to evaluate a load system elicited by an appliance in 3D. Here, to increment 3-D tooth movement theory, we test the hypothesis that the mathematical relationships between M:F and tooth movement are distinct depending on force system directions. A finite element model of a first maxillary premolar, scaled to average tooth dimensions, was constructed based on a CBCT scan. We conducted finite element analysis (FEA) of the M:F and tooth movement relationships, represented by the projected axis of rotation (C.Rot) in each plane, for 510 different Loads. We confirmed that an hyperbolic equation relates the Distance (C.Res-C.Rot) and M:F; however, the constant of proportionality ("k") varied with non-linearly the force direction. With a force applied parallel to the tooth long axis, "k" was 12 times higher than with a force parallel to the mesio-distal direction and 7 times higher than with a force parallel to the bucco-lingual direction. The M:F has differential influence on tooth movement depending on load directions, and it is an incomplete parameter to describe the quality of an orthodontic load system if not associated with force and moment directions. Moreover, incremental differences in M:F in each plane have different incremental effects on C.Rot position