Basic characteristics of fishing in the European Union

Ribarstvo kao jednu od najprofitabilnijih poljoprivrednih grana čine ribolov i akvakultura. Ribolov može biti gospodarski, sportski i rekreativni. Akvakultura obuhvaća uzgoj vodenih organizama, mekušaca, rakova i vodenih biljaka. Autorice u radu analiziraju stanje u ribarstvu EU-a, s posebnim osvrtom na proizvodnju, politiku u ribarstvu, ribarsku flotu, ribolovne oblasti, zaposlenost u akvakulturi, ostvarene prihode u ovoj poljoprivrednoj grani i dr. Common Fisheries Policy/ CFP je osnova za upravljanje ribarstvom u EU. Temeljni cilj reforme u sektoru ribarstva EU-a je osigurati očuvanje zaliha ribe. Ovim radom se želi dati teorijski/praktični doprinos i smjernice odgovornima u rješavanju problema i poduzimanja odgovarajućih mjera za unapređenje proizvodnje i potrošnje ribe u europskim zemljama, kao i u zemljama u razvoju.Working in fisheries, which are one of the most profitable agricultural sectors, consist of fishing and aquaculture. There are three kinds of fishing: commercial, recreational and sport fishing. Aquaculture involves breeding of aquatic organisms, mollusks, crustaceans and aquatic plants. This paper analyzes the situation in the European Union (EU) fisheries, with a special emphasis on production, the common fishery policy, fishing fleets, fishing areas, employment in aquaculture, the income in the agricultural branches etc. Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) is the key figure in the management of fishing in the EU. The main objective of the reform of the EU fisheries sector is to ensure the preservation of fish stocks. The aim of this paper would be to give both theoretical and practical contribution and guidelines when it comes to solving problems and adopting appropriate actions in order to improve production and consumption of fish and fish-based products in the countries of the EU and in those in a process of transition

Balance scorecard as an instrument of measuring business performance

U posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća, zbog sve veće globalizacije i stupnja konkurentnosti, napretka tehnologije, sve složenijih poslovnih procesa i visokih zahtjeva kupaca, javljaju se novi uvjeti poslovanja zbog kojih današnji menadžeri trebaju poznavati određene alate, tehnike i metode kako bi mogli uspješno upravljati poduzećem. Kao jedna od metoda za mjerenje uspješnosti poslovanja i povećanja njegove učinkovitosti javila se, devedesetih godina prošlog stoljeća, Balanced scorecard metoda. BSC se može interpretirati kao metodologija upravljačkog računovodstva namijenjena menadžmentu poduzeća za međusobno usklađivanje i podržavanje ključnih procesa. Balanced scorecard metoda temelji se na četiri osnovne perspektive koje su međusobno povezane i imaju podjednaku važnost. Ova metoda zahtijeva angažman cijelog poduzeća u ostvarivanju postavljenih ciljeva, a ne samo uprave. Unatoč slaboj primjeni ovog koncepta, ona poduzeća koja ga primjenjuju navode brojne koristi kao što su bolje upravljanje poduzećem u cijelosti, mogućnost boljeg praćenja i ostvarenja zacrtane strategije, postizanje boljih financijskih rezultata i sl.In the past few decades under the increasing globalisation and degree of competition, advances in technology, the increasingly complex of business processes and high costumer demands, there are new business conditions that make current managers to know the specific tools, techniques and methods of in order to successfully manage the company. As one of the method for measuring the performance and increasing its efficiency occurred, in the nineties years of last century, the Balance scorecard method. BSC can be interpreted as methodology of management accounting which is intended to management of the company to mutually coordinate and support key processes. Balanced Scorecard method is based on four main perspectives that are interconnected and are equally important. BSC method requires engagement of the whole company and not only of its management. Despite the poor implementation of this concept, companies that applied it cited a number od benefits, such as achievement of better management of the company as a whole, the ability to improve the monitoring and realization of planned strategy, achieving better financial results etc

Children do ask, but do not know how to do asking: Epi-pragmatic vs. meta-pragmatic skill

Klasičan je nalaz (C. Chomsky, 1969) da predškolska deca u engleskom jeziku mešaju značenja glagola ask 'pitati' i tell 'reći', tako što u situaciji Ask Laura what time it is 'Pitaj Lauru koliko ima sati' umesto da postave pitanje drugoj osobi (Lauri), odgovaraju na pitanje koliko ima sati 4 o'clock' 4 sata'. Iako je u navedenoj studiji ovaj nalaz samo usputan, on već decenijama privlači pažnju istraživača koji ga tumače na različite načine. E. Klark je ovaj rezultat pripisivala semantičkom razvoju. Značenje svake reči, prema teoriji semantičkih crta, može se razložiti na kombinaciju jedinica značenja. Razvoj semantičkog znanja sastoji se od dodavanja novih crta značenja, sve dok se kombinacija crta ne podudari sa kombinacijom kod odraslih. Promene nastale u oblasti u tokom poslednjih decenija omogućile su da se nalaz postavi u sasvim drugačiji, pragmatski kontekst. Vorden tvrdi da su 5-godišnjaci veoma osetljivi na pragmatske karakteristike eksperimentalne situacije i da je glavni izvor 'zabune' kod dece interpersonalni kontekst. Da bi odgovorilo adekvatno na zahtev ask 'pitaj nekoga nešto' (odnosno da bi postavio pitanje slušaocu) dete mora imati nameru da sazna ono što interesuje eksperimentatora ili njega samog, ili nameru da proveri da li slušalac ima to znanje. Slično, da bi odgovorio adekvatno na zahtev tell 'reci nekome nešto' ono mora pretpostaviti da slušaocu nedostaje ta informacija, ili pretpostaviti da se od njega očekuje da pokaže svoje znanje. Ovaj rad je imao za cilj da pokaže: a. da se razvoj navedenih komunikacionih sposobnosti u spontanoj interakciji javlja veoma rano; b. da se njihov razvoj iznova odvija na različitim nivoima opšteg razvoja i da rana pojava pragmatskih sposobnosti ne podrazumeva istovremeno i mogućnost njihove voljne kontrole i intencionalnog angažovanja. Istraživanje je bilo usmereno na rasvetljavanje dve udaljene tačke u razvoju: rani epi-pragmatski i kasni refl eksivni meta-pragmatski nivo. U prvom delu istraživanja, zasnovanom na pretraživanju korpusa dečijeg govora tragalo se za najranijim indikacijama pojave ove sposobnosti u spontanoj interakciji, nešto. Urađena je analiza pragmatskih karakteristika ponašanja dece s obzirom na to da li adekvatno ispunjavaju nalog 'pitaj'. Rezultati su pokazali da se u spontanoj interakciji sposobnost adekvatnog ispunjavanja ovog naloga kod sve dece u uzorku javlja znatno ranije nego što je registrovano u prethodnim istraživanjima, već na uzrastima između 22 i 40 meseci. Drugi, eksperimentalni deo istraživanja ispitanika stavlja u situaciju da slušaocu postavi pitanje o nečemu što je prisutno u vizuelnom polju i što svi učesnici u interakciji znaju. Ovo od deteta zahteva viši, meta-pragmatski nivo funkcionisanja komunikacionih sposobnosti jer se od njega očekuje da postavi pitanje o nečemu što je svima poznato, pa i njemu samom, tj. da voljno odustane od jednog od bazičnog principa ljudske komunikacije, Grajsove maksime kvantiteta, koja nalaže da se bude informativan samo onoliko koliko je neophodno u datom kontekstu. Rezultati su pokazali da je među 4- i 5-godišnjacima čest slučaj bio da ponude odgovor, umesto da pitanje upute drugoj osobi, i da se ova voljna, refleksivna, meta-pragmatska sposobnost kod sve dece stabilizuje tek na uzrastu od 6 godina. Rezultati su rasvetlili dve udaljene tačke razvoja jedne iste komunikacione sposobnosti na različitim novima opšteg razvoja. Jedna je veoma rana, epi-pragmatska, neosvešćena sposobnost učešća u komunikaciji (upućivanja pitanja drugoj osobi na nečiji nalog), a druga je zrela, refleksivna meta-pragmatska sposobnost upravljanja i voljnog primenjivanja ili ukidanja pravila komunikacije zavisno od socijalnog konteksta i namera učesnika.Old findings on children's comprehension of ask and tell were subject to different interpretations reflecting progress in the field of language acquisition. We want to show that acquiring a particular skill does not necessarily include competence of its intentional control and use. Development of linguistic skills takes place at different levels starting from early spontaneous, implicit abilities to the level of meta-pragmatic reflexive knowledge that enables deliberate monitoring, planning, and practice. The present study was aimed at exploring two extreme points in development: early epi-pragmatic and late reflexive metapragmatic competence. The first part aims at finding the earliest instances of children spontaneous ability to pass ask-instructions, and the evidence is provided for the ages as early as 22 to 40 months (much earlier than recorded in the previous studies). The second part is experimental and focuses on children's ability to respond to ask- and tell-instructions in the context of a cancelled conversational rule (Gricean Maxim of Quantity) which requires deliberate monitoring and use. The results show that this meta-pragmatic reflexive ability becomes stable only at the age of 6 years

Minority Discontent as an Internal Destabilization Factor: The Issue of Territorial Minorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina

This paper comprehensively investigates the current impact of the Dayton imbedded concept of ethnicity which strengthens ethnic belonging and overemphasizes the concept of territorial or constituent minorities in BiH. It argues that statistical differences in the number of constituent peoples across the country significantly contribute to state’s shattered internal stability, overstressing and strengthening the pre-existing nationalistic discourses and creating space for new, but pre-war inspired rhetoric. The analysis is presented through an investigation of the impacts that this issue has on two separate domains of the socio-political life in BiH – the power-sharing and the citizens’ realms.Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00

Beyond the “Territorial Minorities” Discourse: Theory and Practice of Political Participation of National Minorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina through the Case Study of Jews and Poles

Although different patterns of political participation among self-aware minority groups have spurred much debate in the academic circles, especially in stable democracies, this issue remains understudied in the newer post-communist societies and notably so the post-conflict countries of former Yugoslavia. Much of the existing research conducted in established democracies has demonstrated that increased levels of national minority political involvement are directly related to democratic development, but that these groups are shunning more traditional forms of engagement, notably political party membership in favour of direct engagement through informal participation. Nevertheless, there is very little understanding of what national minority political participation represents in post-conflict states, as much scholarly research has termed it as underground, invisible or inexistent. Despite this, there is evidence that in these states formal political participation of national minority groups is still strong, but it remains unknown to what degree this occurs, what factors influence this behavior and to what degree is this behavior present among autochthon minority groups. As active political participation of national minorities plays an important role in the democratization and stabilization of such societies, this represents an important gap in our knowledge. This thesis aims to investigate the level of conventional political participation and the trigger factors for such engagement of two significant, yet contrasting national minority groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), namely Jews and Poles. To do this, a mixed-method approach embedded in the transformative paradigm is employed, combining qualitative and quantitative findings of fieldwork. The thesis assesses eight indicators of formal political participation and reveals whether we can observe new trends when it comes to conventional engagement of these two, but also whether their influence remains limited due to their inability to formally participate in the government. It finds that both groups are political communicators, which choose to opt out of political party membership or financial support to electoral campaigns, because they feel alienated from formal politics due to constitutional limitations. However, this exit from the highest forms of political participation is not coupled with total disengagement, as both groups are actively engaged in other forms of formal political activism. This thesis concludes that new trends of political behaviour are emerging among the two observed groups, and especially so among their youth

Empirically based solutions for the Serbian adaptation of a parent report inventory used in the assessment of child language development

The study is aimed at providing empirical basis for the adaptation of the MacArthur-Bates' Communicative Development Inventories (CDIs) for Serbian language, a parent report instrument for the language development assessment. Two sources of data were used in order to provide the basis for selection of items and evaluation of their linguistic, cultural and developmental validity: a. Serbian Corpus of Early Child Language (SCECL), and b. focus groups with experts and parents/caregivers. Exploration of the frequency of words/forms in Serbian child language and the qualitative analysis of focus groups discussions provided criteria for selection/adjustment of items in the course of inventory adaptation. The results also revealed that parents are naturally more focused on semantic and communicational aspects of utterances, and insufficiently aware of formal properties of their children's production. The paper presents significant changes and modifications of the instrument in the course of its adaptation for Serbian, which is a step closer to the final aim - providing a standardized instrument for the assessment of language development in Serbian

Education in prison: From human rights to implementation

Porast broja povratnika, prenatrpanost zatvora i loši uslovi u njima ne ulivaju nadu da se društvo na najbolji način suočava sa problemima kriminaliteta. Od osamdesetih godina prošlog veka, u većini zapadnih zemalja i kod nas, na udaru kritike našao se koncept resocijalizacije jer se smatra da nije doveo do smanjenja ukupnog kriminaliteta i recidivizma. Problem sa kojim se društva suočavaju je kako u zatvorskoj sredini pripremiti osuđenika da se uspešno integriše u društvenu zajednicu po izlasku iz zatvora. Veoma važnu ulogu u realizaciji ovog cilja može imati obrazovanje. U članku ćemo se baviti različitim aspektima obrazovanja u zatvoru: kako ga država propisuje i kako vidi njegovu svrhu, kakvo je aktuelno stanje u realizaciji prava na obrazovanje u nekim zemljama sveta i kod nas, koje su prepreke u realizaciji obrazovanja u zatvorima. Jedan od glavnih preduslova za implementaciju i uspeh obrazovnih programa u zatvoru jeste i motivacija samih osuđenika da se uključe u njih. Prikazaćemo deo empirijskog istraživanja sprovedenog na prigodnom uzorku iz dva KPZ (Požarevac i Sremska Mitrovica) o motivaciji osuđenika za obrazovanjem i obrazovnim potrebama.The increase in the number of returnees, overcrowding and poor conditions in prisons do not bring hope that the society faces problems of crime in the best way. Since the eighties, in most Western countries and in our country too, the critics attacked the concept of re-socialization as it did not lead to a reduction in overall crime and recidivism. The problem that companies face is how the prison environment preparing inmates to successfully integrate into a community upon release from prison. The problem that societies face is how to prepare inmates in prison environment to successfully integrate into a community upon release from prison. Education could play an important role in the realization of this goal. In this article we will deal with various aspects of education in prison: how the state defines its purpose, what is the current state of implementation of the right to education in some countries of the world and in our country, what are the obstacles in the implementation of education in prisons. One of the main preconditions for the implementation and the success of educational programs in prison is the very motivation of a person to engage in them. We will present the empirical part of the research conducted on a sample of the two Correctional Facilities (Požarevac and Sremska Mitrovica) about the motivation of prisoners for education and their educational needs

Antioksidativna aktivnost vodenog ekstrakta gljive Lentinus edodes obogaćene selenom

Shiitake (Lentinus edodes) belongs to medically important and delicious fungi. It is recognizable for its healing properties, excellent taste and rich aroma. According to the traditional Japanese and Chinese medicine, shiitake mushroom significantly increases the strength and vitality of the body. Shiitake contains immunostimulants, compounds that lower cholesterol, prevents clogging of blood vessels, regulates the pressure, balances blood sugar levels, regulates digestion, and improves the performance of respiratory organs by its antirheumatic and antiallergic activities. Shiitake is recommended to use as food, prevention and cure, usually in a form of a spice (dried and ground) or tea. It can be consumed fresh, too. The objective of this study was to test the effect of enrichment in selenium on antioxidant, reducing and free radical scavenging activity of water extracts from fruit body of Lentinus edodes. The fungus was enhanced by adding organic selenium, zinc (II) complex with the ligand 2.6-bis diacetylpyridine (selenosemicarbazon) and inorganic compounds (Na2SeO3) of selenium in nutritional substrate where the fungus was grown. The total selenium content in fruit body was around 50 ppm for the sample enriched with selenium originating from organic sources, and 80 ppm for the sample enriched with selenium from inorganic sources. Samples were prepared by extraction of fruiting bodies in heated water. The results indicated that water extracts of whole fruit bodies, from both control and mushrooms supplemented with selenium, had quite good antioxidant activity. However, there was no significant difference between the samples supplemented with selenium content and those that were not.Shiitake (Lentinus edodes) pripada grupi medicinski značajnih i delikatesnih gljiva. Prepoznatljiva je po svojoj lekovitosti, izvanrednom ukusu i bogatoj aromi. Prema tradicionalnoj japanskoj i kineskoj medicini, gljiva shiitake značajno povećava snagu i vitalnost organizma. Shiitake sadrže imunostimulanse, sastojke koji snižavaju holesterol, sprečavaju začepljenje krvnih sudova, regulišu pritisak, uravnotežuju nivo šećera u krvi, regulišu probavu, poboljšavaju rad disajnih organa, deluju antireumatski i antialergijski. Preporuka je da se shiitake koriste kao ukusna hrana, preventiva i lek, najčešće kao začin (sušene i mlevene) ili čaj. Mogu se konzumirati i kao sveže pripremljene. Cilj rada bio je da se razjasni da li selen dodat u supstrat za gajenje gljive Lentinus edodes utiče na redukciona svojstva ekstrakta, antioksidativnu aktivnost ekstrakta, kao i procena reaktivnosti ekstrakata prema radikalskim vrstama. Gljiva je obogaćena selenom dodavanjem organskih, Zn (II) kompleks sa ligandom 2,6-diacetilpiridin bis (selenosemicarbazon), i neorganskih jedinjenja (Na2SeO3) selena u hranljivi supstrat na kojem je gljiva uzgajana. Ukupan sadržaj selena u plodonosnom telu kretao se oko 50 ppm za uzorak obogaćen selenom iz organskog izvora i 80 ppm za uzorak obogaćen selenom iz neorganskog izvora. Uzorci su pripremljeni ekstrakcijom plodonosnih tela u zagrejanoj vodi. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na to da vodeni ekstrakti celih gljiva, kako kontrolnih tako i sa dodatkom selena, imaju dobru antioksidativnu aktivnost. Međutim, nije primećena značajna razlika između uzoraka sa i bez sadržaja selena

KOMPARATIVNA ANALIZA KONVERGENCIJE JAVNIH RADIJSKIH SERVISA U BIH I HRVATSKOJ

Konvergencija je u medijski svijet donijela niz promjena ne samo u tehnološkome smislu nego i u sadržajnome i funkcionalnome. Tehnološkim razvojem omogućen je razvoj novoga multimedijskog okruženja. Na taj način brišu se granice tradicionalnih medija, odnosno došlo je do približavanja i prožimanja medija. Takvo prožimanje dovelo je do promjene u percepciji korisnika medijskih sadržaja jer postaju aktivni korisnici što se odražava na samu izradu sadržaja. Ubrzan je proces produkcije sadržaja, posebice specijaliziranih sadržaja, potrebne su veće kompetencije novinara i urednika, tržište postaje kompetitivno bilo da je riječ o komercijalnim medijima ili javnim servisima. Radio kao medij nije ostao izvan ovih procesa. Kako bi opstao kao medij, radio mora prihvatiti promjene, prilagoditi im se, a javni radijski servisi trebali bi biti lideri u tim promjenama jer su jednim dijelom financijski osigurani kroz pristojbu, pretplatu koju plaćaju građani. Svoje osnovne postulate i načela moraju prilagoditi na restrukturirani, novi, konvergirani, multimedijski, interaktivni sustav dostupan svim građanima. Cilj je rada komparativnom analizom sadržaja i formata istražiti koliko je javni radijski servis u Bosni i Hercegovini i Hrvatskoj ukorak s trendovima konvergencije, odnosno na kojoj su razini konvergencije

Documenting of extravasation of cytotoxic agents

As a potential complication of a systemic administration of cytotoxic agents, extravasation requires particular caution of all health practitioners involved in treatments of oncological patients. In the light of the fact that more than 100.000 doses of chemotherapy are indicated worldwide and more than 1.000.000 intravenous infusion of cytostatic drugs are administered on daily bases, it is upsetting that in the case of cytostatic administration through peripheral intravenous cannulas extravasation occurs in 0,5 to 6% of oncological patients, while in the case of administration through central venous lines it occurs in 6% of the cases. Each extravasation results in tissue damage and depending on type and features of the administered substance can be manifested in different forms, from skin reaction to tissue necrosis. By highlighting the multiple significance of documenting and accident reporting, the authors state the necessary elements and propose the form of a nurse documenting list for the cases of extravasation of cytostatic agents. A nurse must document the following data on an accident: patient's name and surname, date of birth, name of the clinics, primary oncological diagnosis, date and time of extravasation, name of the cytotoxic drug, symptoms and signs of extravasation and the measures undertaken. The accurate documenting and reporting of accidents are legally binding for health practitioners, particularly nurses, as a result of the need to map the risk factors of their occurrence, to assess compliance of the standard nursing procedures in administration of cytostatic therapy, to follow up the course of the management of complications, outcomes and the undertaken measures but also to improve the existing and develop new preventive strategies