Cooperative 3D Air Quality Assessment with Wireless Chemical Sensing Networks

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Incidence and Determinants of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections After Booster Dose in a Large European Multicentric Cohort of Health Workers-ORCHESTRA Project

Background: SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections (BI) after vaccine booster dose are a relevant public health issue. Methods: Multicentric longitudinal cohort study within the ORCHESTRA project, involving 63,516 health workers (HW) from 14 European settings. The study investigated the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 BI after booster dose and its correlation with age, sex, job title, previous infection, and time since third dose. Results: 13,093 (20.6%) BI were observed. The cumulative incidence of BI was higher in women and in HW aged < 50 years, but nearly halved after 60 years. Nurses experienced the highest BI incidence, and administrative staff experienced the lowest. The BI incidence was higher in immunosuppressed HW (28.6%) vs others (24.9%). When controlling for gender, age, job title and infection before booster, heterologous vaccination reduced BI incidence with respect to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine [Odds Ratio (OR) 0.69, 95% CI 0.63-0.76]. Previous infection protected against asymptomatic infection [Relative Risk Ratio (RRR) of recent infection vs no infection 0.53, 95% CI 0.23-1.20] and even more against symptomatic infections [RRR 0.11, 95% CI 0.05-0.25]. Symptomatic infections increased from 70.5% in HW receiving the booster dose since < 64 days to 86.2% when time elapsed was > 130 days. Conclusions: The risk of BI after booster is significantly reduced by previous infection, heterologous vaccination, and older ages. Immunosuppression is relevant for increased BI incidence. Time elapsed from booster affects BI severity, confirming the public health usefulness of booster. Further research should focus on BI trend after 4th dose and its relationship with time variables across the epidemics.BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections (BI) after vaccine booster dose are a relevant public health issue.MethodsMulticentric longitudinal cohort study within the ORCHESTRA project, involving 63,516 health workers (HW) from 14 European settings. The study investigated the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 BI after booster dose and its correlation with age, sex, job title, previous infection, and time since third dose.Results13,093 (20.6%) BI were observed. The cumulative incidence of BI was higher in women and in HW aged < 50 years, but nearly halved after 60 years. Nurses experienced the highest BI incidence, and administrative staff experienced the lowest. The BI incidence was higher in immunosuppressed HW (28.6%) vs others (24.9%). When controlling for gender, age, job title and infection before booster, heterologous vaccination reduced BI incidence with respect to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine [Odds Ratio (OR) 0.69, 95% CI 0.63-0.76]. Previous infection protected against asymptomatic infection [Relative Risk Ratio (RRR) of recent infection vs no infection 0.53, 95% CI 0.23-1.20] and even more against symptomatic infections [RRR 0.11, 95% CI 0.05-0.25]. Symptomatic infections increased from 70.5% in HW receiving the booster dose since < 64 days to 86.2% when time elapsed was > 130 days.ConclusionsThe risk of BI after booster is significantly reduced by previous infection, heterologous vaccination, and older ages. Immunosuppression is relevant for increased BI incidence. Time elapsed from booster affects BI severity, confirming the public health usefulness of booster. Further research should focus on BI trend after 4th dose and its relationship with time variables across the epidemics

SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections: Incidence and Risk Factors in a Large European Multicentric Cohort of Health Workers

The research aimed to investigate the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and their determinants in a large European cohort of more than 60,000 health workers

Clinical Features, Cardiovascular Risk Profile, and Therapeutic Trajectories of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Candidate for Oral Semaglutide Therapy in the Italian Specialist Care

Introduction: This study aimed to address therapeutic inertia in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) by investigating the potential of early treatment with oral semaglutide. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between October 2021 and April 2022 among specialists treating individuals with T2D. A scientific committee designed a data collection form covering demographics, cardiovascular risk, glucose control metrics, ongoing therapies, and physician judgments on treatment appropriateness. Participants completed anonymous patient questionnaires reflecting routine clinical encounters. The preferred therapeutic regimen for each patient was also identified. Results: The analysis was conducted on 4449 patients initiating oral semaglutide. The population had a relatively short disease duration (42%  60% of patients, and more often than sitagliptin or empagliflozin. Conclusion: The study supports the potential of early implementation of oral semaglutide as a strategy to overcome therapeutic inertia and enhance T2D management

BDNF and NGF Expression in Preneoplastic Cervical Disease According to HIV Status

Background: Neurotrophins, such as BDNF and NGF, are overexpressed in tumor cells in cervical cancer, and HIV infection is associated with the upregulation of neurotrophin expression. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether BDNF and NGF are overexpressed in preneoplastic cervical disease from HIV-infected women. Methods: Women with preneoplastic cervical lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3) were prospectively enrolled and grouped according to their HIV status. Samples from Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) for suspected cervical cancer were obtained, and immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate BDNF and NGF expression. Results: We included in our analysis 12 HIV-infected patients who were matched with 23 HIV-negative patients as a control group. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that BDNF expression was significantly higher in cervical preneoplastic lesions from HIV-positive women than in the lesions from the control group. In particular, BDNF was expressed in 8/12 HIV-positive patients and 7/23 HIV-negative patients (66.7% vs. 30.4%, χ2 = 4.227; p = 0.040). NGF expression was not significantly higher in cervical preneoplastic lesions from HIV-positive women compared with that in the lesions from the control group. In particular, NGF was expressed in 8/12 HIV-positive patients and in 12/23 HIV-negative patients (66.7% vs. 52.2% χ2 = 0.676; p = 0.411). Logistic regression analysis showed that the HIV status is an independent predictor of BDNF expression in pre-invasive preneoplastic cervical disease when considered alone (crude OR 4.6, 95% CI 0.027-20.347; p = 0.046) and when analyzed with other co-factors (adjusted OR 6.786, 95% CI 1.084-42.476; p = 0.041). Conclusions: In preneoplastic cervical disease, BDNF expression is higher in HIV-infected women than in non-infected controls, and this is independent of the clinical features of the patients and from the presence of the HPV-HR genotype. BDNF can play a key role as a link between the pathways by which HIV and HPV interact to accelerate cervical cancer progression and invasion. These data can be useful to better understand the role of neurotrophins in the cancerogenesis of cervical cancer and the possible therapeutic strategies to improve disease outcomes

Lifestyle and Dietary Habits Affect Plasma Levels of Specific Cytokines in Healthy Subjects

Low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) is a common feature of non-communicable diseases. Cytokines play a crucial role in LGCI. This study aimed to assess how LGCI risk factors [e.g., age, body mass index (BMI), smoke, physical activity, and diet] may impact on specific cytokine levels in a healthy population. In total, 150 healthy volunteers were recruited and subjected to questionnaires about the last 7-day lifestyle, including smoking habit, physical activity, and food frequency. A panel of circulating cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors was analyzed by multiplex ELISA. BMI showed the heaviest impact on the correlation between LGCI-related risk factors and cytokines and was significantly associated with CRP levels. Aging was characterized by an increase in IL-1b, eotaxin, MCP-1, and MIP-1α. Smoking was related to higher levels of IL-1b and CCL5/RANTES, while physical activity was related to MIP-1α. Within the different eating habits, CRP levels were modulated by eggs, red meat, shelled fruits, and greens consumption; however, these associations were not confirmed in a multivariate model after adjusting for BMI. Nevertheless, red meat consumption was associated with an inflammatory pattern, characterized by an increase in IL-6 and IL-8. IL-8 levels were also increased with the frequent intake of sweets, while a higher intake of shelled fruits correlated with lower levels of IL-6. Moreover, IL-6 and IL-8 formed a cluster that also included IL-1b and TNF-α. In conclusion, age, BMI, smoke, physical activity, and dietary habits are associated with specific cytokines that may represent potential markers for LGCI

Cronache meridionali. A. IV, n.1-12 (1957)

N. 1-2 (gennaio-febbraio 1957): Chiaromonte, G., Meridionalismo e astrattezza, P. 3 ; Bianco, M., Le vicende dei patti agrari, P. 8 ; Spallone, G., I fatti di Sulmona, P. 14 ; Grasso, F., La rivolta dell’Ucciardone, P. 18 ; Valenza, P., Il “movimento Comunità” in Lucania, P. 22 ; Valenzi, M., Euratom e mercato comne al Senato, P. 26 ; Linee per un piano di sviluppo dell'industria napoletana, P. 44 ; I problemi del Mezzogiomo nei congressi del P.c.i. e del P.s.i., P. 55 ; Maglietta, C., Il Convegno meridionale della C.i.s.l., P. 68 ; Battaglia, R., Aldo De Jaco, La città insorge, P. 75 ; Russo, N., Danilo Dolci, Inchiesta a Palermo, P. 79 ; Lettere alla direzione, P. 82 ; Biblioteca meridionalistica, P. 88.N. 3 (marzo 1957): Le elezioni nel collegio di Stella, P. 97 ; Sereni, E., Legge Colombo e prospettive della riforma fondiaria, P. 100 ; Viviani, L. (cronaca di), Il convegno di Catanzaro delle donne della campagna, P. 124 ; Lapiccirella, R., Finanze e tributi al Comune di Napoli, P. 137 ; Magno, M., Le inadempienze agli obblighi di bonifica e di trasformazione agraria in Capitanata, P. 142 ; La nomina di Togni, P. 148 ; Amiconi, F., La nuova provincia di Isernia, P. 154 ; Napolitano, G., Discussioni e polemiche sulla nuova legge per il Mezzogiorno, P. 160 ; Villari, R., F. Renda: Il movimento contadino nella società siciliana, P. 165 ; Giustino Fortunato: Debito ipotecario e proprietà fondiaria, P. 167.N. 4 (aprile 1957): Editoriale, P. 177 ; Dal Valfortore a Sambiase, P. 178 ; Laconi, R., Elezioni in Sardegna, P. 182 ; Il convegno sindacale di Napoli, P. 187 ; Cimino, M., L'Alta Corte siciliana e la difesa dell'autonomia, P. 207 ; Amore, S., Ilva Bagnoli e piano quadriennale I.r.i, P. 211 ; Villari, M., Adone Zoli e il Mezzogiorno, P. 220 ; Pistillo, M., I giovani democristiani e i problemi meridionali, P. 226 ; Bianco, M., I patti agrari alla Camera, P. 230 ; Villari, R., Franco Rizzo: Luigi Sturzo e la questione meridionale, P. 237 ; Cosenza, L., I padroni della città, P. 235 ; Istituto centrale di statistica: Statistiche culturali, P. 237 ; Lettere alla direzione, P. 239 ; Gramsci, A., Alcune note sulla quistione meridionale, P. 240.N. 5 (maggio 1957): Amendola, G., I comunisti per la rinascita del Mezzogiorno, P. 257 ; L'Assemblea meridionale del P.C.I., P. 283 ; Le elezioni di Torre Annunziata, 308 ; Ricci, P., L'inaugurazione del Museo di Capodimonte, P. 309 ; Il Convegno nazionale sull'edilizia scolastica, P. 315 ; Chiaromonte, G., Il sesto bilancio della Cassa, P. 318 ; Alicata, A., Antonio Giolitti: Riforme e rivoluzione, P. 322 ; Villari, R., Emilio Sereni: Vecchio e nuovo nelle campagne italiane, P. 325 Nitti, F. S., Il Mezzogiorno e la politica finanziaria dello Stato, 329.N. 6 (giugno 1957): Napolitano, G., La battaglia parlamentare sulla legge per il Mezzogiorno, P. 337 ; Amendola, G., Dopo le elezioni regionali sarde, P. 344 ; Vella, N., L'Ente apulo lucano e la bonifica dell'Alta Irpinia, P. 352 ; Picciotto, G., L'industrializzazione in provincia di Cosenza, P. 359 ; Caruso, P., La Montecatini di Crotone, P. 363 ; Romeo, A., Le « Comunità braccianti» in Puglia e Lucania, P. 369 ; Lalli, R., Per l'istituzione della Regione molisana, P. 371 ; Ziccardi, A., Un anno di amministrazione popolare alla provincia di Matera, P. 376 ; Il disegno di legge « Provvedimenti per il Mezzogiorno» nel testo approvato dalla Camera dei deputati, P. 382 ; Chiaromonte, G., Credito ordinario e credito industriale nel Mezzogiorno, P. 394 Del Monte, A. Raffaele Viviani: Poesie; ID.: Teatro, P. 402 ; Sansone, N., Carlo Bernari: Domani e poi domani, P. 404 ; Viviani, L., Maria Giacobbe: Diario di una maestrina, P. 406 ; Nitti,F. S., Per lo sviluppo industriale di Napoli, P. 410.N. 7-8 (luglio-agosto 1957): Li Causi, G., Dieci anni di lotta politica. in Sicilia, P. 417 ; Togliatti, P., Separatismo e autonomia, P. 423 ; Togliatti, P., I compiti nuovi del P.c.i. nella lotta per la Rinascita, P. 431 ; Per l'autonomia siciliana sulla via italiana al socialismo (risoluzione del terzo congresso dei comunisti siciliani), P. 441 ; Faletra, G., La discussione alla Consulta regionale, alla Consulta nazionale, alla Costituente, P. 452 ; Ramirez, A., Risultati e limiti dell'attuazione dello Statuto, P. 462 ; Renda, F., Industrializzazione e monopoli, P. 469 ; Ovazza, M., e L. Cortese, Mutamenti nella struttura agraria, P. 479 ; Amico, G. G., La morte in agguato nelle miniere, P. 489 ; Nicastro, G., Per la costituzione dell'Ente idrocarburi siciliani, P. 497 ; Speciale, G., Gli scambi commerciali con l'estero, P. 508 ; Macaluso, E., Le lotte dei lavoratori fattore decisivo per il progresso, P. 514 ; In ricordo di Concetto Marchesi, P. 525 ; I risultati elettorali in Sicilia dal 1946 al 1955, P. 528.N. 9 (settembre 1957): San Donaci, P. 529 ; Villari, R., Gaetano Salvemini e la questione meridionale, P. 531 ; Caprara, M., L'oggi e il domani del mercato comune europeo, P. 543 ; L'assemblea del «Comitato nazionale per la rinascita» del 23 luglio 1957, P. 567 ; Pirastu, L., La formazione della Giunta regionale sarda, P. 571 ; Laurelli, R., La disoccupazione operaia in provincia di Foggia, P. 575 ; Fasano, N., La lotta dei lavoratori dei C.m.i. di Castellammare, P. 579 ; Cimino, M., La legge per tindustrializzazione della Sicilia, P. 588 ; Valenza, P., Documenti e, inchieste sulla riforma agraria in tre comprensori meridionali, P. 599 ; Maglietta, C., L'I.r.i. e le Manifatture cotoniere meridionali, P. 603 ; Ciccotti, E., Il socialismo e la questione meridionale, P. 605.N. 10 (ottobre 1957): Relazione della Commissione giudicatrice del «Premio Pisacane», P. 609 ; Lepre, A., Carlo Pisacane e il Mezzogiorno d'Italia, P. 610 ; Rota Ghibaudi, S., Pisacane nella storiografia italiana, P. 637 ; Basso, L., Pisacane e la rivoluzione sociale italiana, P. 647 ; Sereni, E., Pisacane e i contadini meridionali, P. 664 ; Moscati, R., L'eredità ideale e politica di Pisacane, P. 677 ; Ciasca, R., La crisi finale del regno delle Due Sicilie e l'azione di Pisacane, P. 686 ; Cortese, N., Il pensiero e l'azione politica di Pisacane, P. 708 ; Il testamento politico di Pisacane, P. 722.N. 11 (novembre 1957): Giuseppe Di Vittorio, P. 725 ; Il quarantesimo anniversario della Rivoluzione d’Ottobre, P. 726 ; Napolitano, G., Per un bilancio del fanfanismo nel Mezzogiono, Avolio, G., La crisi vitivinocola, P. 735 ; Villari, R., Problemi dell'economia napoletana alla vigilia dell'unificazione. I., P. 744 ; Cimino, M., La caduta del gouemo La Loggia, P. 766 ; Chiaromonte, G., Manovre pre elettorali a Napoli, P. 769 ; Silipo, L., La legge speciale per la Calabria, P. 773 ; Oltranzismo atlantico e meridionalismo, P. 782 ; Il Congresso di Palermo per la piena occupazione, P. 784 ; I meridionali in Alta Italia, P. 791 ; Marraro, E., Stato delle attrezzature e delle ricerche di fisica nucleare in Sicilia, P. 794 ; Recensioni e segnalazioni, P. 803.N. 12 (dicembre 1957): I casi di Napoli, P. 805 ; Levi, C., Il lavoro, misura della libertà, P. 808 ; Amendola, G., L'insegnamento di Giuseppe Di Vittorio, P. 826 ; Villari, R., Problemi dell'economia napoletana alla vigilia dell'unificazione. II, P. 836 ; «Neofrontismo» e bugie, P. 847 ; Viviani, L. La commissione d'inchiesta sulle raccoglitrici d'olive, P. 854 ; Caprara, M., Il dibattito alla Camera sulle industrie napoletane, P. 861 ; Amore, S., La sperequazione salariale fra Nord e Sud, P. 864 ; Chiaromonte, G., Corrado Beguinot, Una preesistenza ambientale a Napoli: i «quartieri Spagnoli», P. 872 ; Ricci, P., Roberto Paolella, Storia del cinema muto, P. 874 ; Per l'attuazione dell'Ente Regione, P. 876 ; L'«incontro sul problema della piena occupazione in Sardegna», P. 881 ; Lo sviluppo della cooperazione agricola, P. 883