Discovering private trajectories using background information

Trajectories are spatio-temporal traces of moving objects which contain valuable information to be harvested by spatio-temporal data mining techniques. Applications like city traffic planning, identification of evacuation routes, trend detection, and many more can benefit from trajectory mining. However, the trajectories of individuals often contain private and sensitive information, so anyone who possess trajectory data must take special care when disclosing this data. Removing identifiers from trajectories before the release is not effective against linkage type attacks, and rich sources of background information make it even worse. An alternative is to apply transformation techniques to map the given set of trajectories into another set where the distances are preserved. This way, the actual trajectories are not released, but the distance information can still be used for data mining techniques such as clustering. In this paper, we show that an unknown private trajectory can be reconstructed using the available background information together with the mutual distances released for data mining purposes. The background knowledge is in the form of known trajectories and extra information such as the speed limit. We provide analytical results which bound the number of the known trajectories needed to reconstruct private trajectories. Experiments performed on real trajectory data sets show that the number of known samples is surprisingly smaller than the actual theoretical bounds

Privacy risks in trajectory data publishing: reconstructing private trajectories from continuous properties

Location and time information about individuals can be captured through GPS devices, GSM phones, RFID tag readers, and by other similar means. Such data can be pre-processed to obtain trajectories which are sequences of spatio-temporal data points belonging to a moving object. Recently, advanced data mining techniques have been developed for extracting patterns from moving object trajectories to enable applications such as city traffic planning, identification of evacuation routes, trend detection, and many more. However, when special care is not taken, trajectories of individuals may also pose serious privacy risks even after they are de-identified or mapped into other forms. In this paper, we show that an unknown private trajectory can be reconstructed from knowledge of its properties released for data mining, which at first glance may not seem to pose any privacy threats. In particular, we propose a technique to demonstrate how private trajectories can be re-constructed from knowledge of their distances to a bounded set of known trajectories. Experiments performed on real data sets show that the number of known samples is surprisingly smaller than the actual theoretical bounds

Simultaneous appraisal of fantasy film space and music: Edward Scissorhands

Mekân, fiziksel oluşumunun ötesinde düşünsel bir üründür. Şeffaflaşmış ve sınırları belli olmayan bu düşünsel boyut, özellikle fantastik film mekanlarında fiziksel mekan niteliklerinin farklılaşmasıyla daha net algılanmaktadır. Algısal mekanın sınırsızlığı, akılcı bir gözle zihinde taranıp değerlendirildiğinde, bu tür filmlerdeki düşsel mekanlar somutlaşmaktadır. Fantastik filmlerde yaratılan bu kurmaca mekanların görsel tasarım algısına katkı sağlayan bir çok farklı disiplin olduğu gibi, film müziğinin yeri de tartışılamaz bir noktadadır. Bu çalışma, müzik ve mimarlık arasındaki görsel ve işitsel dönüşümlere dair çalışmalardan esinlenerek, mekan ve müziği oluşturan belirli elemanlar ve düzenleme ilkelerinin, fantastik film mekanlarındaki yoğurulmuş görsel etki ve işitsel boyutta onu destekleyen film müziği ile eş zamanlı değerlendirildiğinde bağdaşabileceklerini varsaymaktadır. Bu bağdaşıklığa dair inceleme, nitel araştırma yöntemleri ile elde edilen veriler ışığında, müzik ve mekan arasındaki biçimsel ilişkiyi analiz etmek amacıyla geliştirilen bir yöntem ile Tim Burton yönetmenliğindeki “Makas Eller” filminin seçilen sahnelerindeki mekan ve müziklerinin eş zamanlı karşılaştırması ile sonuca bağlanmıştır.Space is an intellectual product beyond its physical formation. This intellectual dimension, which has become transparent and has no clear boundaries, is perceived more clearly with the differentiation of physical space qualities, especially in fantastic film spaces. When the limitlessness of the perceptual space is scanned and evaluated in the mind with a rational eye, the imaginary spaces in such films become tangible. As there are many different disciplines that contribute to the visual design perception of these fictional spaces created in fantastic films, the music of the film (Soundtrack) is also in an indisputable point. This study, inspired by the works on the visual and auditory transformations between music and architecture, assumes that the specific elements and arrangement principles that make up the space and music can be compatible with the soundtrack that supports it in the visual impact and auditory dimension. The investigation of this coherence was concluded with a method developed to analyze the formal relationship between music and space in the light of the data obtained by qualitative research methods, and a simultaneous comparison of the space and music in the selected scenes of the movie “Edward Scissorhands”, directed by Tim Burton.Publisher's Versio

Učinak broja somatskih stanica na prinos i sastav mlijeka u krava holštajnske pasmine

This study was conducted to assess the impact of somatic cell count (SCC) on the test day milk yield (TDMY) and milk composition parameters (fat, solids-not-fat, protein and lactose) of Holstein cows raised in the Kırşehir province of Turkey. A total of 1194 raw milk samples were collected from 195 Holstein cows at different stages of lactation (from 1 to 7), parities (from 1 to 3) and calving seasons (autumn, winter, spring and summer). Also, TDMY and milk composition traits were tested by SCC in four groups (500×103 cells/mL). For statistical evaluation, SCC data were converted to log10 base. The overall means of log10SCC, TDMY, fat, solids-not-fat (SNF), protein and lactose were determined as 4.95 ± 0.016, 33.36 ± 0.232 kg/day, 3.39 ± 0.021%, 9.04 ± 0.013%, 3.32 ± 0.005% and 4.92 ± 0.007%, respectively. Log10SCC, TDMY, fat, SNF, protein and lactose were significantly affected by the stage of lactation, parity and calving seasons (P201×103 cells/mL) had a lower TDMY than milk with lower SCC (500×103 cells/mL. It was concluded that SCC in milk should not exceed 500×103 cells/mL for Holstein cows, suggesting that monthly control of SCC may be effective for improving milk production and milk quality in Holstein cows.Ovim se istraživanjem želio ustanoviti utjecaj broja somatskih stanica (SCC) na dnevni prinos mlijeka (TDMY) i sastav mlijeka (masnoća, suha tvar, bjelančevine i laktoza) krava holštajnske pasmine u Kirşehiru u Turskoj. Ukupno 1194 uzoraka sirova mlijeka prikupljeno je od 195 krava holštajnske pasmine u različitim fazama laktacije (od 1 do 7), pariteta (od 1 do 3) i različitim razdobljima teljenja (jesen, zima, proljeće i ljeto). Također, ispitivan je broj somatskih stanica s obzirom na dnevni prinos i sastav mlijeka u četiri skupine (500×103 stanica po mililitru). Za statističku obradu podaci o broju stanica prikazani su u bazi 10 logaritma (log10). Ukupna srednja vrijednost log10 za SSC iznosila je 4.95 ± 0.016, za TDMY 33.36 ± 0.232 kg/day, za masnoću 3.39 ± 0.021 %, za suhu tvar 9.04 ± 0.013 %, za bjelančevine 3.32 ± 0.005 % i za laktozu 4.92 ± 0.007 %. Na ukupnu srednju vrijednost log10SCC, dnevnog prinosa, masnoće, suhe tvari, bjelančevina i laktoze statistički znakovito (P201×103 stanica po mililitru) imale su manji dnevni prinos mlijeka nego one s manjim brojem somatskih stanica (<100×103 i 100-200 stanica po mililitru). Smanjen dnevni prinos i manja količina masnoće, suhe tvari, bjelančevina i laktoze utvrđeni su u mlijeku s brojem somatskih stanica većim od 500×103 stanica po mililitru. Zaključeno je da broj somatskih stanica u mlijeku ne bi trebao biti veći od 500× 103 stanica po mililitru te da bi mjesečna kontrola broja somatskih stanica u mlijeku krava holštajnske pasmine mogla povećati proizvodnju i poboljšati njegovu kakvoću

Real-world efficacy and safety of Ledipasvir plus Sofosbuvir and Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir +/- Dasabuvir combination therapies for chronic hepatitis C: A Turkish experience

Background/Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the real-life efficacy and tolerability of direct-acting antiviral treatments for patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with/without cirrhosis in the Turkish population.Material and Methods: A total of 4,352 patients with CHC from 36 different institutions in Turkey were enrolled. They received ledipasvir (LDV) and sofosbuvir (SOF)+/- ribavirin (RBV) ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir +/- dasabuvir (PrOD)+/- RBV for 12 or 24 weeks. Sustained virologic response (SVR) rates, factors affecting SVR, safety profile, and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) occurrence were analyzed.Results: SVR12 was achieved in 92.8% of the patients (4,040/4,352) according to intention-to-treat and in 98.3% of the patients (4,040/4,108) according to per-protocol analysis. The SVR12 rates were similar between the treatment regimens (97.2%-100%) and genotypes (95.6%-100%). Patients achieving SVR showed a significant decrease in the mean serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (50.90 +/- 54.60 U/L to 17.00 +/- 14.50 U/L) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores (7.51 +/- 4.54 to 7.32 +/- 3.40) (p<0.05). Of the patients, 2 were diagnosed with HCC during the treatment and 14 were diagnosed with HCC 37.0 +/- 16.0 weeks post-treatment. Higher initial MELD score (odds ratio [OR]: 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-2.38; p=0.023]), higher hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.31-2.28; p=0.038), and higher serum ALT levels (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.21-1.83; p=0.042) were associated with poor SVR12. The most common adverse events were fatigue (12.6%), pruritis (7.3%), increased serum ALT (4.7%) and bilirubin (3.8%) levels, and anemia (3.1%).Conclusion: LDV/SOF or PrOD +/- RBV were effective and tolerable treatments for patients with CHC and with or without advanced liver disease before and after liver transplantation. Although HCV eradication improves the liver function, there is a risk of developing HCC.Turkish Association for the Study of The Liver (TASL

The genetic history of the Southern Arc: a bridge between West Asia and Europe

By sequencing 727 ancient individuals from the Southern Arc (Anatolia and its neighbors in Southeastern Europe and West Asia) over 10,000 years, we contextualize its Chalcolithic period and Bronze Age (about 5000 to 1000 BCE), when extensive gene flow entangled it with the Eurasian steppe. Two streams of migration transmitted Caucasus and Anatolian/Levantine ancestry northward, and the Yamnaya pastoralists, formed on the steppe, then spread southward into the Balkans and across the Caucasus into Armenia, where they left numerous patrilineal descendants. Anatolia was transformed by intra–West Asian gene flow, with negligible impact of the later Yamnaya migrations. This contrasts with all other regions where Indo-European languages were spoken, suggesting that the homeland of the Indo-Anatolian language family was in West Asia, with only secondary dispersals of non-Anatolian Indo-Europeans from the steppe

Developing English as a foreign language skills through multiplayer online computer games

© 2020, Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education. All rights reserved.The aim of the present study was to investigate the outcomes of using multiplayer online computer games for the development of English as a foreign language (EFL) skills (reading, writing, listening, speaking). For this purpose, the study em-ployed a repeated measures design. The study was conducted with 13 multiplayer online gamer EFL learners studying at a private university in Turkey. The data were collected through the analysis of the English proficiency levels of the participants via two sample Cambridge Preliminary English Tests before and after a gaming period in which the participants played multiplayer online computer games to improve their EFL skills. The findings revealed that the gaming period re-sulted in a significant overall development of target language skills. Taken separately, the listening scores and the speaking scores of the participants demonstrated a significant increase, whereas the reading scores and the writing scores did not. Based on the findings, the study provides theoretical implications for researchers and practical implications for EFL teachers