Variations in the composition of the major elements of wheat varieties in industrial and organic farming systems: initial results

A nutritional analysis was added to the study of the characterization of wheat varieties in organic and industrial farming systems for the year 2005-2006. The experimental design consisted of three wheat varieties (Atrium, Ataro and Renan) and three densities (200, 400 and 600 grains/m2) on two soils representative of the Auvergne region. The parameters studied were productivity, technological suitability and nutritional value (N, P, K, Ca, Mg). The yield was particularly low for organic farming (23 q/ha), following unfavorable climatic conditions. In spite of the low yield under organic farming conditions, the Mg and P contents in the grains were normal. The low thousand-grain weight and the early maturity of Atrium did not make it possible to increase the nutritional density of the grains in 2006. These results must be confirmed so that we can propose a typology of varieties with high nutritional density linked to cropping practices and the environment. This typology will be used to make breads that are beneficial to our health

Hygro-locks modelling of the mechano-sorptive behavior based on integral formulation or internal variables

session 'Computational Material Modeling of Wood and Wood Products'Wood is a porous, hygroscopic, anisotropic and non homogeneous biopolymer. It is classified as a viscoelastic material with mechanical properties depending on temperature and moisture content. The effect of creep is an important factor for the design and the durability of timber structures. Creep evolution results from the interaction between mechanical stress and moisture content variations

Bronchogenic Cyst of the Right Hemidiaphragm Presenting with Pleural Effusion

Bronchogenic cysts are developmental foregut anomalies usually located within the mediastinum or lung parenchyma. An isolated bronchogenic cyst of the diaphragm is very rare. Our case was a 56-year-old female patient who presented with pleuritic chest pain in her right chest. Chest and abdominal computed tomography revealed a large lobulated cystic mass that was accompanied with pleural effusion in the right lower hemithorax. The tumor showed focally calcified areas in the wall and abutted against the diaphragm. We performed complete excision of the cyst including a portion of the diaphragm attached to it. The pathological diagnosis was established as the bronchogenic cyst originating from the diaphragm. We report this case with a review of the literature

Evaluation expérimentale du comportement hygro-mécanique des assemblages bois par la méthode du suivi des marqueurs

Le travail proposé concerne l'investigation expérimentale, par la technique optique du suivi de marqueurs (ou cibles), du comportement mécanique des assemblages bois. Le comportement hygro – mécanique des assemblages est étudié pour deux équilibres hydriques qui correspondent à la plage d'humidité moyenne rencontrée pour des structures bois (w = 12% et 20%). Des essais d'enfoncement instantanés jusqu'à la ruine ont été conduit sur des éprouvettes axiales et transversales en Douglas (Pseudotsuga Mensiesii). La stabilisation en humidité des éprouvettes est effectuée dans une enceinte climatique à température et humidité relative de l'air (HR) contrôlées. Les mesures de champs sont influencées par l'humidité et l'anatomie du bois

Comportement mécanique différé des essences tropicales en ambiances tropicales : Expérimentation et cadre règlementaire

Dans le cadre de l'application de l'Eurocode 5 au contexte de la construction bois en environnement tropical, des essais de flexion long-terme, à l'échelle structure, ont été menés en ambiances tropicales sur deux essences tropicales : moabi et ozigo. Trois types d'ambiance ont été sélectionnés : climatisée temporairement, extérieure abritée et extérieure non-abritées. Les résultats obtenus permettent une adaptation des coefficients modificateurs et classes de service du code européen. En complément, des essais de sorption et de diffusion, à l'échelle matériau, ont été conduits

Découplage expérimental des phénomènes hydriques et différés en ambiance contrôlée

Des essais de flexion ont été conduits sur des éprouvettes de petites dimensions en ambiance contrôlé. L’histoire thermo-hydro-mécanique programmée sur environ 4000h fait clairement apparaître l’effet hygro-verrou. L’analyse des résultats obtenus en face supérieure et inférieure permet de découpler les phénomènes observés : retrait-gonflement, mécanosorption , viscoélasticité

Découplage des modes de rupture au cours du processus de propagation dans un matériau viscoélastique orthotrope par l'intégrale Mqv

Ce travail présente une nouvelle intégrale appelée Mqv, découplant les modes de rupture au cours du processus de propagation de la fissure due à un chargement en fluage dans un matériau viscoélastique orthotrope. La base de calcul issue d'un processus thermodynamique, et d'une combinaison des champs virtuels et réels est présentée. La prise en compte de l'intégrale dans le code de calcul aux éléments finis Castem et son couplage avec un processus viscoélastique incrémental est développée. Grâce à l'éprouvette CTS, les évolutions numériques du taux de restitution d'énergie en mode I et mode mixte sont exploitées en fonction de la longueur de fissure et de la vitesse de propagation

On-target versus off-target effects of drugs inhibiting the replication of SARS-CoV-2

The current epidemic of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) calls for the development of inhibitors of viral replication. Here, we performed a bioinformatic analysis of published and purported SARS-CoV-2 antivirals including imatinib mesylate that we found to suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication on Vero E6 cells and that, according to the published literature on other coronaviruses is likely to act on-target, as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. We identified a cluster of SARS-CoV-2 antivirals with characteristics of lysosomotropic agents, meaning that they are lipophilic weak bases capable of penetrating into cells. These agents include cepharentine, chloroquine, chlorpromazine, clemastine, cloperastine, emetine, hydroxychloroquine, haloperidol, ML240, PB28, ponatinib, siramesine, and zotatifin (eFT226) all of which are likely to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication by non-specific (off-target) effects, meaning that they probably do not act on their ‘official’ pharmacological targets, but rather interfere with viral replication through non-specific effects on acidophilic organelles including autophagosomes, endosomes, and lysosomes. Imatinib mesylate did not fall into this cluster. In conclusion, we propose a tentative classification of SARS-CoV-2 antivirals into specific (on-target) versus non-specific (off-target) agents based on their physicochemical characteristics

The oncolytic peptide LTX-315 triggers immunogenic cell death

Published version. Source at http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2016.47 LTX-315 is a cationic amphilytic peptide that preferentially permeabilizes mitochondrial membranes, thereby causing partially BAX/ BAK1-regulated, caspase-independent necrosis. Based on the observation that intratumorally injected LTX-315 stimulates a strong T lymphocyte-mediated anticancer immune response, we investigated whether LTX-315 may elicit the hallmarks of immunogenic cell death (ICD), namely (i) exposure of calreticulin on the plasma membrane surface, (ii) release of ATP into the extracellular space, (iii) exodus of HMGB1 from the nucleus, and (iv) induction of a type-1 interferon response. Using a panel of biosensor cell lines and robotized fluorescence microscopy coupled to automatic image analysis, we observed that LTX-315 induces all known ICD characteristics. This conclusion was validated by several independent methods including immunofluorescence stainings (for calreticulin), bioluminescence assays (for ATP), immunoassays (for HMGB1), and RT-PCRs (for type-1 interferon induction). When injected into established cancers, LTX-315 caused a transiently hemorrhagic focal necrosis that was accompanied by massive release of HMGB1 (from close-to-all cancer cells), as well as caspase-3 activation in a fraction of the cells. LTX-315 was at least as efficient as the positive control, the anthracycline mitoxantrone (MTX), in inducing local inflammation with infiltration by myeloid cells and T lymphocytes. Collectively, these results support the idea that LTX-315 can induce ICD, hence explaining its capacity to mediate immune-dependent therapeutic effects