L’ethnomusicologue et le philosophe : quand ils se rencontrent sur le phénomène « rythme »

« L’ethnomusicologue et le philosophe » n’est pas le titre d’une nouvelle fable de La Fontaine, dont la morale serait «  Rien n’est si dangereux qu’un ignorant ami / Mieux vaudrait un sage ennemi « (L’Ours et l’Amateur des Jardins) ; mais, plus sérieusement, le résultat du constat que, précisément sur le problème du rythme, les deux protagonistes peuvent se donner mutuellement à penser. Le problème philosophique ici traité consiste en somme à se demander comment et pourquoi le mot « rythme » – et pas seulement dans la langue française – désigne bien d’autres réalités que musicales (anthropologiques, biologiques, cosmologiques). A la question « comment », la réponse ici esquissée consiste à produire une combinatoire de trois concepts (structure, périodicité, mouvement) permettant de rendre raison de l’ensemble des phénomènes rythmiques, le contenu de ces trois grandes catégories formelles étant illustré en l’occurrence par diverses musiques traditionnelles. A la question « pourquoi », la seule réponse apportée ne peut être qu’une nouvelle question, celle-là même du lien de l’homme et du monde.« The ethnomusicologist and the philosopher » is not the title of a new La Fontaine fable the moral of which might be ‘Nothing is as dangerous as an ignorant friend/Better have a wise enemy’ (L’Ours et l’Amateur des Jardins). It is more seriously the result of the observation that precisely on the problem of rhythm, the two protagonists can mutually give each other a great deal to think about. The philosophical question assessed here, consists in the main of asking how and why the word rhythm – and not only in French or English – defines a great many other realities (anthropological, biological, cosmological). To the ­question ‘how’, the answer outlined here involves producing a three concept ­combinative (structure, periodicity, movement) enabling one to make sense of the range of rhythmical phenomena, the content of the three major formal categories being illustrated on the other hand by a great variety of traditional music. As to the question ‘why’, the only answer supplied comes in the form of another question, that which stems from the link between man and the world

Hepatobiliary Cystadenoma Revealed by a Jaundice: A Case Report

Introduction. Hepatobiliary cystadenomas are rare benign cystic tumors and have a potential for recurrence and malignant transformation. The diagnosis may be very difficult because of absence of typical imaging feature in some cases. Case Presentation. In this paper, the authors discuss a 57-year-old woman who presented a jaundice related to hepatobiliary cystadenoma. Biological and radiological examinations have led to surgery, and the diagnosis is made after a histological examination of surgical specimens. Conclusion. This observation illustrates a hepatobiliary cystadenoma revealed by jaundice. Histology examination contributed to diagnosis. The authors discussed the mechanisms of biliary obstruction and differential diagnoses through a review of the literature

Interactions with M Cells and Macrophages as Key Steps in the Pathogenesis of Enterohemorragic Escherichia coli Infections

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are food-borne pathogens that can cause serious infections ranging from diarrhea to hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Translocation of Shiga-toxins (Stx) from the gut lumen to underlying tissues is a decisive step in the development of the infection, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Many bacterial pathogens target the follicle-associated epithelium, which overlies Peyer's patches (PPs), cross the intestinal barrier through M cells and are captured by mucosal macrophages. Here, translocation across M cells, as well as survival and proliferation of EHEC strains within THP-1 macrophages were investigated using EHEC O157:H7 reference strains, isogenic mutants, and 15 EHEC strains isolated from HC/HUS patients. We showed for the first time that E. coli O157:H7 strains are able to interact in vivo with murine PPs, to translocate ex vivo through murine ileal mucosa with PPs and across an in vitro human M cell model. EHEC strains are also able to survive and to produce Stx in macrophages, which induce cell apoptosis and Stx release. In conclusion, our results suggest that the uptake of EHEC by M cells and underlying macrophages in the PP may be a critical step in Stx translocation and release in vivo. A new model for EHEC infection in humans is proposed that could help in a fuller understanding of EHEC-associated diseases

A micro-bead device to explore Plasmodium falciparum-infected, spherocytic or aged red blood cells prone to mechanical retention by spleen endothelial slits

Présentation oraleInternational audiencen.

Complete Genome Sequence of Crohn's Disease-Associated Adherent-Invasive E. coli Strain LF82

International audienceBACKGROUND: Ileal lesions of Crohn's disease (CD) patients are abnormally colonized by pathogenic adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) able to invade and to replicate within intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We report here the complete genome sequence of E. coli LF82, the reference strain of adherent-invasive E. coli associated with ileal Crohn's disease. The LF82 genome of 4,881,487 bp total size contains a circular chromosome with a size of 4,773,108 bp and a plasmid of 108,379 bp. The analysis of predicted coding sequences (CDSs) within the LF82 flexible genome indicated that this genome is close to the avian pathogenic strain APEC_01, meningitis-associated strain S88 and urinary-isolated strain UTI89 with regards to flexible genome and single nucleotide polymorphisms in various virulence factors. Interestingly, we observed that strains LF82 and UTI89 adhered at a similar level to Intestine-407 cells and that like LF82, APEC_01 and UTI89 were highly invasive. However, A1EC strain LF82 had an intermediate killer phenotype compared to APEC-01 and UTI89 and the LF82 genome does not harbour most of specific virulence genes from ExPEC. LF82 genome has evolved from those of ExPEC B2 strains by the acquisition of Salmonella and Yersinia isolated or clustered genes or CDSs located on pLF82 plasmid and at various loci on the chromosome. CONCLUSION: LF82 genome analysis indicated that a number of genes, gene clusters and pathoadaptative mutations which have been acquired may play a role in virulence of AIEC strain LF82

Schématiser le rhuthmos

National audienc

Le monstrueux est l’humain (à partir de quelques sculptures hyperréalistes de Ron Mueck)

In fine, il m’a semblé intéressant de confronter les enjeux du monstrueux et de l’humain aux créations parfois controversées d’un artiste contemporain, non certes pour avoir le privilège de clore un volume construit de façon globalement chronologique, ni d’ailleurs pour susciter une polémique inutile en l’occurrence autour de l’art contemporain en général, mais plus simplement parce que ces sculptures posent plastiquement, réellement si l’on peut dire, en tout cas en acte et aujourd’hui même,..