Nutritional, mineral and organic acid composition of passion fruit (Passiflora species)

This study focused onproximate composition, mineral content and organic acid properties of fruit juices from four Passifloraspecies; Passiflora edulis(Purple), Passiflora edulis(Frederick), Passiflora maliformis, and Passiflora quadrangularis and the mesocarp of Passiflora quadrangularis. The moisture content varied between 84.37±0.63% in P. edulis(Frederick) to 86.63±0.33% in mesocarp of P. quadrangularis. The ash content of mesocarp of P. quadrangulariswas significantly lower (0.51±0.02%) than its juice (1.37±0.14%). Among the Passiflora species, P. edulis(Purple) and P. edulis(Frederick) possessed higher protein, 2.81±0.19% and 2.40±0.11%, respectively. The fiber content in P. quadrangularis mesocarp was significantly higher (8.49±0.40%) than other juices. Passiflorafruits have fat content 80% phosphorus and provides an adequate level of micronutrients especially Ferum content which is 90% of daily recommended allowance of minerals. The major organic acid in Passiflorafruit juice was citric acid and ranged 1137.00±0.13 mg 100 g-1in P. quadrangularisto 1487.30±0.28 mg 100 g-1in P. edulis(Purple). Malic acid was second abundant organic acid with 156.00±0.07 mg 100 g-1in P. edulis(Frederick) to 502.30±0.07 mg 100 g-1in P. quadrangularis. Apart from the common species of Passiflora edulis, other lesser known Passifloraspecies are also gaining visibility in drinks, food and health promoter

Effects of Soil Properties to Corrosion of Underground Pipelines: A Review

A b s t r a c t This review concentrates on corrosion properties that expose to soil environment. Forms of corrosion classified with respect to outward appearance and altered physical properties are uniform attack, galvanic corrosion, erosion corrosion, stress corrosion, crevice corrosion, pitting and inter-granular corrosion. A porous soil may retain moisture for a longer period for optimum aeration and indirectly increase the initial corrosion rate. External corrosion is corrosion attack upon the outside of the pipe soil medium and the most failure mechanisms experienced by buried steel pipelines. Many systems possibly in contact with soil have risk to be corroded such as storage tanks and pipelines

A regional database management system—the fisheries resource information system and tools (FiRST): Its design, utility and future directions

South and Southeast Asian countries have undertaken demersal trawl surveys to measure the fisheries potential of their waters throughout the 20th century. However, ensuring full use of, and easy access to the resulting data is a challenge in developing countries. The “Fisheries Resource Information System and Tools” (FiRST) was developed through a regional collaborative effort across eight South and Southeast Asian counties to meet these needs. FiRST is a data management system for scientific trawl survey data and includes data summary and visualization tools, an analytical routine to estimate biomass, and data import/export modules. The FiRST software has also facilitated the establishment of a regional database, ‘Trawl Base’, which contains more than 20,000 hauls or stations from scientific trawl surveys in 10 countries conducted between 1926 and 1995. The regional database is an important regional resource for coastal fisheries management complementing national fisheries catch statistics

Effect of haze on fruit development, pigmentation and productivity of Passiflora quadrangularis L. (Giant Granadilla Passion Fruit)

The world today faces air pollution as a major environmental problem, as industrialisation and anthropogenic activity are growing rapidly. Agricultural fires in Indonesia and Borneo, along with forest and peatland fires, are responsible for transboundary haze that contributes to environmental degradation in Malaysia (Aziz et al., 2018). Haze occurrence in Malaysia has become a common feature over the last two decades. The most extreme haze phenomena were observed in April 1983, August 1990, June 1991, August 1994, and March 1998 (Jamal et al., 2014). Kuching’s API reading in September 1997, spiked to 893 was the highest ever recorded in Malaysia (Ahmad et al., 2006). Most of these haze episodes occurred in conjunction with a period of prolonged drought associated with the El-Nino phenomenon. Haze events are projected to increase as forest and peat fields burning increases due to global warming and prolonged drought worsen (Hawa, 2008). Haze is generally considered to be a product of high concentrations of fine particulate matter circulating in the atmosphere. As the numbers of these particles increase, their cumulative effect causes lower light intensity on Earth and results in reduced visibility (Philip, 2001). Haze development interrupts the natural air circulation, which decreases the dispersion and dilution of suspended contaminants and particles. Haze is often caused by an excessive amount of pollutants, i.e., particulate matter, sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3). Increased aerosol loadings in the atmosphere are aided by burned biomass. Greenwald et al. (2006) showed that atmospheric haze resulting from distant forest fires reduced solar radiation at almost all spectra. About 73-92% of overall light extinction comes from organic carbon and sulfate particles trapped in haze (Yanhong et al., 1996). The field data collected in the Yangtze Delta region of China shows that aerosols reduce solar radiation by about 30% on clear days (Xu et al., 2003). Studies have shown that haze has major effects on various ecosystems as its impact on solar radiation, temperature, and relative humidity resulting in reduced plant photosynthetic activity (Yanhong et al., 1996; Davies and Unam, 1999; Aziz et al., 2018). The photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), a solar radiation utilised by plants and ambient temperature, was reduced by the haze, which indicates a reduction in photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance. Based on the experimental measurement of the light-CO2 relationship, Fan et al. (1990) reported an increase in cloudiness might decrease net CO2 uptake by the plants. Studies by Aziz et al. (2018) on the yield of Malaysian rice varieties during the haze event in March 2014 showed a major reduction in the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductivity due to the reduction of PAR solar radiation. The PAR level at which a plant is exposed is related positively to the photosynthetic and has a significant effect on plant development and growth. Lately, the occurrence of haze over the country has been a great concern. Understanding the plant behaviours and responses is very important to explain their physiological patterns and tolerance when exposed to haze conditions. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the effects of haze on the fruit development and productivity of Passiflora quadrangularis during the haze event in July to September 2019 at Bintulu due to forest fires in Indonesia and Borneo

أبحاث محكَّمة "النتاج العلمي في تعليم اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها" Refereed Papers" Academic works in Teaching Arabic Language for Non-Native Speakers

هذا الكتاب هو عرض لما هو جديد في موضوعات تعليم اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها ونقدها نقداً علميّاً منهجيّاً، والكشف عن الفجوات في دراسات تعليم اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها، والعمل على ملئها بتفسيرات حديثة، والترويج للكتب الحديثة والتعريف بمؤلفيها وتسليط الضوء على ما يستحق القراءة في مجال تعليم العربية لغير الناطقين بها، والتشجيع على القراءة والنقد البناء والمشاركة الفاعلة بتقديم الآراء والانطباعات الشخصية، كما يهدف إلى إبراز جهود الأعمال المترجمة إلى العربية في مجال تعليم العربية بوصفها ثانية ونقدها ومراجعتها، وتقديم مراجعة وشروح تفصيلية للكتب الحديثة لتكون مداخل للكتابة الإبداعية وتطوير الدراسات والبحوث والكتب الحديثة المنشورة. وتتجسد هذه الأهداف في أحد المحاور الثلاثة الأساسية للمؤتمر وهو التعليم. This book is a presentation of what is new in the topics of teaching Arabic to non-native speakers and systematically criticizing them, revealing the gaps in studies of teaching Arabic to non-native speakers, working to fill them with modern interpretations, promoting modern books and introducing their authors and highlighting what is worth reading in The field of teaching Arabic to non-native speakers, encouraging reading, constructive criticism and active participation by presenting personal opinions and impressions. and recent published books. These goals are embodied in one of the three main themes of the conference, which is education

Identification of β-cycloidal-derived mono-carbonyl curcumin analogs as potential interleukin-6 inhibitor to treat wound healing through QSAR, molecular docking, MD simulation, MM-GBSA calculation

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that involved in the different phases of wound healing. It is responsible for promoting inflammation, regulating tissue repair scar formation, stimulating the production of extracellular matrix components and recruiting immune cells to the wound site. Therefore, suppressing IL-6 is beneficial for wound healing. However, no small molecules are currently available in the market against the IL-6. As a result, this research gap motivates us to find a potential inhibitor. This study aimed to investigate the wound healing potential of novel β-cycloidal-derived mono-carbonyl curcumin analogs reported in the literature through screening a series of computational studies. The calculated pIC50 value of 18 compounds (below 10) showed that all compounds may have potential therapeutic efficacy. Molecular docking studies revealed that compound C12 (−45.6044 kcal/mol) bound most strongly in the active site of IL-6 compared to the FDA-approved drug clindamycin (−42.3223). The Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulation displayed that lead compound C12 had the highest stability in the active site of IL-6 compared to the reference drug clindamycin. Furthermore, MMGBSA results indicated that C12 (−20.28 kcal/mol) had the highest binding energy compared to clindamycin (−8.36 kcal/mol). The ADMET analysis predicted that C12 are favourable for drug candidates. This study recommended compound C12 as a lead IL-6 inhibitor for future testing and development as therapeutics for wound healing

GNSS radiobeacon service availability study: The SISPELSAT

SIStem PELayaran SATelit (SISPELSAT), a National DGPS system was installed in January 2003. SISPELSAT is the primary navigational-aid for vessels navigating within the shore of Peninsular Malaysia, operated and managed by the Marine Department of Peninsular Malaysia. The system consisted of two beacon stations, located at Lumut and Kuantan, which are transmitting GPS differential corrections to area within 250 km radius. One Master Station set-up at the Marine Department Headquarters at Port Klang, functions as the main monitoring station for the system, while another station at Langkawi acted as the secondary monitoring station. This paper presents results of a study conducted in August 2003 to evaluate on the service availability and coverage of SISPELSAT beacon at Kuantan for the service area around the South China Sea. Results have found that within the intended service coverage area of 250 km, signal strength varies erratically. Initial study has suggested that interferences to the radio wave propagation as the main factor

Enhancement of local area DGPS accuracy: a composite approach

In a conventional Local Area DGPS (LADGPS) operation, the user’s receiver (rover) is set to receive signals from a nearest beacon (base) that provides signals meeting the appropriate standard, with the second-nearest acting as alternate. The reason for choosing the nearest beacon is that the accuracy of fixes (i.e. the position of user) is dominated by spatial dilution of precision (DOP) of the corrections. The degree of dilution increases with the distance of the rover from the base. In other words, the accuracy of the single base LADGPS service degrades as the users move away from the beacon. This is the major drawback of a single base LADGPS system. This paper attempts to highlight an approach that is being studied to minimize the spatial errors in the LADGPS system, hence enhancing the positioning accuracy provided by the service