Chin cup therapy for mandibular prognathism

The purpose of this work was to provide a comprehensive description of craniofacial alteration in the Class III patient in response to orthopedic chin cup treatment. Thirty patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion under treatment with the chin cup appliance, averaging 6 years of age at the start of treatment, were followed longitudinally for a 3-year period. This treatment sample was compared cephalometrically with an analogous untreated Class III sample.The following significant craniofacial alterations were noted in the sample that underwent orthopedic chin cup therapy: 1. 1. A retardation of vertical ramus growth.2. 2. A retardation of vertical development in the posterior aspect of the mandibular body.3. 3. A retardation of vertical development in the posterior maxilla.4. 4. A closure of the gonial angle.5. 5. A distal rotation of the mandibular complex.6. 6. A decreased amount of anteroposterior anterior cranial base growth.7. 7. A redirection of the predominantly horizontal mandibular growth pattern to a more vertical direction.8. 8. A reduction of the maxillomandibular malrelationship toward normative values.9. 9. A production of an Angle Class I dental relationship following the establishment of normal maxillomandibular relations.10. 10. A lack of detectable localized effect on the symphyseal region or incisor position as a direct result of chin cup placement and pressure.11. 11. Development of soft-tissue profile changes in harmony with underlying skeletal changes.While all of the listed alterations are important when analyzed separately, they gain increased importance when considered together. With orthopedic chin cup therapy, there is a change in craniofacial pattern leading to the observed resolution of the Angle skeletal Class III malocclusion. This study thus provides strong support for the use of the orthopedic-force chin cup appliance in the clinical management of young patients with skeletal mandibular prognathism.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23012/1/0000581.pd

Management of Allergic Rhinitis: Focus on Intranasal Agents

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90304/1/j.1875-9114.1989.tb04148.x.pd

Neuromandibular integration in humans and chimpanzees: implications for dental and mandibular reduction in Homo

Objectives: Although the evolution of the hominin masticatory apparatus has been linked to diet and food processing, the physical connection between neurocranium and lower jaw suggests a role of encephalization in the trend of dental and mandibular reduction. Here, the hypothesis that tooth size and mandibular robusticity are influenced by morphological changes in the neurocranium was tested. Materials and Methods: Three-dimensional landmarks, alveolar lengths, and mandibular robusticity data were recorded on a sample of chimpanzee and human skulls. The morphological integration between the neurocranium and the lower jaw was analyzed by means of Singular Warps Analysis. Redundancy Analysis was performed to understand if the pattern of neuromandibular integration affects tooth size and mandibular robusticity. Results: There is significant morphological covariation between neurocranium and lower jaw in both chimpanzees and humans. In humans, changes in the temporal fossa seem to produce alterations of the relative orientation of jaw parts, while the influence of similar neurocranial changes in chimpanzees are more localized. In both species, postcanine alveolar lengths and mandibular robusticity are associated with shape changes of the temporal fossa. Conclusions: The results of this study support the hypothesis that the neurocranium is able to affect the evolution and development of the lower jaw, although most likely through functional integration of mandible, teeth, and muscles within the masticatory apparatus. This study highlights the relative influence of structural constraints and adaptive factors in the evolution of the human skull

The affordances of 3D and 4D digital technologies for computerized facial depiction

3D digital technologies have advanced rapidly over recent decades and they can now afford new ways of interacting with anatomical and cultural artefacts. Such technologies allow for interactive investigation of visible or non-observable surfaces, haptic generation of content and tactile experiences with digital and physical representations. These interactions and technical advances often facilitate the generation of new knowledge through interdisciplinary and sympathetic approaches. Scientific and public understanding of anatomy are often enhanced by clinical imaging technologies, 3D surface scanning techniques, 3D haptic modelling methods and 3D fabrication systems. These digital and haptic technologies are seen as non-invasive and allow scientists, artists and the public to become active investigators in the visualisation of, and interaction with, human anatomy, remains and histories. Face Lab is a Liverpool John Moores University research group that focuses on creative digital face research; specifically the further development of a 3D computerized craniofacial depiction system, utilizing 3D digital technologies in facial analysis and identification of human remains for forensic investigation, or historical figures for archaeological interpretation. This chapter explores the affordances of such interactions for the non-destructive production of craniofacial depiction, through a case-study based exploration of Face Lab workflow