REVIEW ON NOVEL OSMOTIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) are the key area of pharmaceutical research and Development. The reason is relatively low development cost and time required for introducing a NDDS as compared to new chemical entity. Many conventional drug delivery systems have been designed to modulate the release a drug over an extended period of a time. Various designs are available to control or modulate the drug release from a dosage forms. Majority of oral CR dosage forms fall in the category of matrix, reservoir or osmotic systems. Osmotically controlled drug delivery systems (OCDDS) is one of the most promising drug delivery technology that use osmotic pressure as a driving force for controlled delivery of active agents. Drug release from OCDDS is independent of pH and hydrodynamic conditions of the body because of the semipermeable nature of the Rate controlling membrane and the design of deliver orifice used in osmotic systems, so a high degree of In vitro/In vivo correlation is achieved. Osmotic drug delivery systems release the drug with the zero order kinetics which does not depend on the initial concentration and the physiological factors of GIT. This review brings out new technologies, fabrication and recent clinical research in osmotic drug delivery. Keywords: Osmotic, Matrix, Reservoir, Fabricatio

L-deprenyl attenuates the rotenone-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity: experimental evidences in rats

Parkinson disease (PD) is progressive neurological disorder because of massive degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. The pathogenesis of PD is unknown, but considerable evidence suggests multifactorial factors including genetic, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, calcium cytotoxicity, environmental factors and apoptosis. We investigated the role of oxidative damage produced by intranigral infusion of a potent mitochondrial complex-I inhibitor, rotenone and studied the neuroprotective effects with a well-known antiparkinsonian drug L-deprenyl in rats. Unilateral stereotaxic intranigral infusion of rotenone 6 lg caused significant decrease in dopamine levels. L-deprenyl (10 mg/kg) treatment significantly attenuated the DA depletion caused by rotenone. Parallely, a significant decrease in the concentration of GSH was also observed in the SN was reverted by L-deprenyl treatment. L-deprenyl significantly attenuated the rotenone-induced decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in striatum. The results suggest that L-deprenyl can rescue the dopaminergic neurons from the rotenone mediated neurodegeneration in this experimental animal model

Low Temperature Electrical Resistivity Studies in Lead Thin Films

Thin lead films of thickness, 100 nm, 150 nm, 200 nm and 250 nm have been deposited using electron beam evaporation technique at room temperature onto glass substrates under high vacuum conditions. Films were investigated for electrical resistivity at low temperatures from 77 K to 300 K. Resistivity variation with temperature indicates transition from metallic to semiconductor behavior. Transition tem-perature increased with increasing film thickness. Temperature coefficient of resistance in the metallic re-gion has been determined for all the four films. Using Arrhenius relation, activation energy for conduction in metallic region has been determined. Mott’s small polaron hopping model has been employed to deter-mine activation energy in the semiconducting region. In a film of 250 nm thick, deviation from Mott’s small polaron hopping model for below 100 K was noted and that has been considered under Mott’s variable range hopping model. The complete understanding of electrical properties of Pb films has been necessitat-ed by the fact that the band gap in CdS decreases when Pb is incorporated into it, which in turn can be used to fabricated large efficient solar cells. It is for the first time that lead films of the present thickness have been investigated for low temperature resistivity. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3197

EVALUATION OF CARDIOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ALLIUM CEPA AERIAL LEAVES

Objective: The present work deals with the study of the ethanolic extract of fruits of Allium cepa aerial leaves for cardioprotective activity.Methods: Cardioprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of aerial leaves of Allium cepa was determined by the administration of isoproterenol (60 mg/kg, s. c) for two days.Results: Pretreatment with ethanolic extract of Allium cepa aerial leaves (200 mg/kg, p. o and 100 mg/kg, p. o) for 28 d in significantly (p<0.01) reduce the levels of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphates, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine kinase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and increase the levels of HDL-cholesterol. Histopathological studies of the hearts of isoproterenol treated rats have showed infiltration of inflammatory cells and lacking of continuity in muscle fiber was suggesting an irreversible cell injury.Conclusion: Animals treated with ethanolic extract of Allium cepa aerial leaves showed less degenerative changes compared to isoproterenol-treated animals

Recognition and Detection of Language on Inscriptions

Ancient language Font Recognition is one of the Challenging tasks in Optical Character Recognition and Document Analysis. Most of the existing methods are for font recognition make use of local typographical features and connected component analysis. In this paper, Ancient language font recognition is done based on global texture analysis. Ancient language characters are different from currentnbsp centuryrsquos Ancient language character. This paper concentrates on the century identification of ancient language characters and converting them into current centuryrsquos form using MATLAB. Recognition of ancient language hand written characters from inscriptions is difficult. In this paper, a method for recognizing Ancient language characters from stone inscriptions, called the contour-let transform, which has been recently introduced, is adopted. From the previous research works, itrsquos noticed that Wavelet transforms are not capable of reconstructing curved images are perfectly. The contour-let transform offers a solution to remedy to this insufficiency. Contour-let transform is a 3D approach technique where as wavelet transform is a 2D technique. The characters from the input image are recognized through the clustering mechanism. Further the noise is present in the image is removed by fuzzy median filters. Neural networks are been employed to train the image and compare the data with the current centuryrsquos character. hence a more accurate recognition of Ancient language characters from stone inscriptions is obtained

Effects of Particle Size of Fumed Silica and Aluminium Trihydrate on Fire Performance of Intumescent Fire Retardant Coating

Intumescent coating is a form of passive fire protection where paint is coated on the metal and later reacts chemically in fire. The coating expands to greater size forming char that protects the steelwork for a specified time period from the heat of fire thus elongate the time for the occupants to escape. In order to produce an efficient intumescent system, three ingredients are required; an inorganic acid, a carbon rich polyhydric material as char former (carbonific) and a blowing agent called a spufimic. Aluminium trihydrate and fumed silica are two fillers used widely in intumescent coatings composition and is proven to be efficient in thermal insulation and durability of char under excessive fire. Different types of formulations are prepared for the intumescent coating and each formulation is altered in the mixture of fumed silica and ATH under different particles sizes. The particle size of both fumed silica and ATH are altered by grounding it into smaller sizes. The variation of surface area of both fumed silica and ATH will directly affect their performances in technical applications such as thickening efficiency, reaction with heat and the expansion rate of the intumescent coating. The effects of the particle size of the fillers on fire performance and char expansion rate has been studied. The results obtained from the fire testing will be compared and analyzed in order to identify the best mixture for intumescent coating. Then 4 best samples which provided maximum char expansion will be chosen. Those samples will be analyzed using TGA and XRD to study its residual weight and composition of how percentage of fillers has on intumescent coating. Overall this study identified the best mixture of formulation of intumescent coating with high flame retardant characteristics towards heat/fire

Zirconia-Chitosan Beads as Highly Efficient Adsorbent for Defluoridation of Water

Zirconia modified chitosan beads (Zr-CTS) have been synthesized as adsorbent for fluoride ions from water bodies. The beads were characterized using FT-IR, SEM, EDX, TG-DTA and BET surface area analysis. Batch adsorption parameters were performed for defluoridation of water using the prepared composite. The pH point of zero charge was found to be 5.7. Maximum efficiency of the adsorbent was observed at pH 4.0, with adsorbent dose of 40 mg per 25 mL of 25 ppm fluoride solution and adsorption period of 45 minutes. Under these conditions, Zr-CTS was found to have an adsorption capacity of 52.63 mg/g in accordance with Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Thermodynamics parameters revealed that the process of adsorption was spontaneous, exothermic and leading to increase in entropy. The process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The used material was regenerated using 5% NaCl solution and could be reused in multiple cycles adding greener dimension

FACTORS THAT IMPACT GREEN PRODUCT PURCHASE BEHAVIOUR OF MALAYSIAN SHOPPERS

Today, the rapid development of technology has caused both positive and negative effects and environmental changes. While enjoying the convenience provided by technology, people should have the right mindset in keeping and protecting their environment healthy. Therefore, this study aims to examine the factors that impact the green product purchase behaviour of Malaysian shoppers in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Five independent variables were used in this research project to identify the factors that influence working consumers’ purchasing behaviour toward green products: social influences, environmental attitudes, environmental concern, and perceived effectiveness of environmental problems and perceived effectiveness of environmental behaviour. Six hundred consumers are the solely targeted respondents in this study. It is found that there are no significant differences for the gender and race variables, whereas the monthly income variable found a significant difference. In addition, the study findings also discovered a significant relationship between the factors influencing consumers’ purchasing behaviour towards green products. Consequently, these research findings have provided insights and feedback to businesses facing many challenges in convincing consumers to purchase green products. By gathering this information, marketers can understand the route that shifts the environmental factors to green purchase behaviour. They also would be able to formulate their various strategies to effectively attract more consumers to purchase green products.  Article visualizations

Postnatal predictors for outcome in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A singlecenter retrospective cohort study from India

Background: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) has high morbidity and mortality. Many outcome predictors have been tried.Objective: To assess the short-term outcomes of neonates with isolated CDH and find the predictors of outcome. Methods: Neonateswith isolated CDH managed over 12-year period from June 2004 were analyzed. Antenatal counseling, delayed surgery afterstabilization, primary conventional ventilation and rescue high frequency ventilation if needed is the unit protocol. Details onbaseline characteristics, delivery room management, clinical details, ventilation details, management of pulmonary hypertension,inhaled nitric oxide usage, operative details, and post-operative period were noted. Oxygenation index (OI) was calculated, andechocardiography findings on pulmonary hypertension were noted. Outcome predictors were assessed. Results: 40 neonates withisolated CDH were managed during the study period. The mean birth weight and gestation were 37.7±1.55 weeks and 2830±480 g,respectively. The majority of them were intramural and had an antenatal diagnosis. Definitive sepsis, pneumothorax, and severepulmonary hypertension were seen in 10, 9, and 17 neonates, respectively. In 32 neonates, surgical repair was done and 31 (78%)survived at discharge. Median (range) of maximum OI on day 1 was 6 (2.2-39) and 59.9 (7.65-96) for survivors and non-survivors,respectively. Area under the curve (AUC) for OI prediction of survival was 0.94 (confidence interval 0.86-0.99). The adjusted oddsratio for survival, when maximum OI was below 15, was 36.2 (4.6-142). Receiver operating curve showed AUC for OI in predictingsurvival was 0.95 (0.86-0.99). Conclusion: We found 78% survival for isolated CDH neonates using standard protocol and OI is agood predictor for survival

Accuracy of 1-Hour Plasma Glucose During the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults : A Meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE One-hour plasma glucose (1-h PG) during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is an accurate predictor of type 2 diabetes. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the optimum cutoff of 1-h PG for detection of type 2 diabetes using 2-h PG as the gold standard. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We included 15 studies with 35,551 participants from multiple ethnic groups (53.8% Caucasian) and 2,705 newly detected cases of diabetes based on 2-h PG during OGTT. We excluded cases identified only by elevated fasting plasma glucose and/or HbA(1c). We determined the optimal 1-h PG threshold and its accuracy at this cutoff for detection of diabetes (2-h PG >= 11.1 mmol/L) using a mixed linear effects regression model with different weights to sensitivity/specificity (2/3, 1/2, and 1/3). RESULTS Three cutoffs of 1-h PG, at 10.6 mmol/L, 11.6 mmol/L, and 12.5 mmol/L, had sensitivities of 0.95, 0.92, and 0.87 and specificities of 0.86, 0.91, and 0.94 at weights 2/3, 1/2, and 1/3, respectively. The cutoff of 11.6 mmol/L (95% CI 10.6, 12.6) had a sensitivity of 0.92 (0.87, 0.95), specificity of 0.91 (0.88, 0.93), area under the curve 0.939 (95% confidence region for sensitivity at a given specificity: 0.904, 0.946), and a positive predictive value of 45%. CONCLUSIONS The 1-h PG of >= 11.6 mmol/L during OGTT has a good sensitivity and specificity for detecting type 2 diabetes. Prescreening with a diabetes-specific risk calculator to identify high-risk individuals is suggested to decrease the proportion of false-positive cases. Studies including other ethnic groups and assessing complication risk are warranted.Peer reviewe