Resilience as a Mediator of Emotional Intelligence and Perceived Stress: A Cross-Country Study

Existing literature provides evidence of the connection between emotional intelligence and resilience, both concepts being adversely related to perceived stress. Nevertheless, there is little evidence from cross-cultural and/or cross-country studies of the simultaneous relationship between these psychological variables. The objective of this study was to address this lack of research, examining the associations between emotional intelligence, resilience and perceived stress in a cross-country context. A total sample of 696 undergraduate students from two universities in the United States and the Basque Country (an autonomous community in northern Spain) participated in the study. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the effects of emotional intelligence and resilience that may affect students’ perceived stress. The results revealed that emotional intelligence functions as a negative predictor of perceived stress through the mediating variable resilience for the American and Basque students. The findings suggest that university students with better emotional intelligence and resilience present lower perceived stress. Thus, improving emotional intelligence and resilience could prevent students from suffering perceived stress in higher education. Implications and directions for further research are discussed; in particular, it is highlighted that intervention programs that improve both EI and resilience could be helpful in reducing perceived stress

Makromizetoak, ekosistemetako bizidun ahaztuak

Makromizetoak fruitu-gorputz ikuskorrak garatzen dituzten onddoak dira. Lan honetan, makromizeto-komunitateen azterketen berri eskaintzen da; besteak beste, zertan oinarritzen diren, zein arazo dituzten, etab. Onddo talde honen beherakada ikusita, arrazoiak zeintzuk izan daitezkeen aipatzen dira. Eta azkenik, ekosistemetan duten garrantzia azaldu ondoren, onddo-komunitate hauen ikerketaren beharra agerian uzten da

Euskal Herriko artadietako makromizetoen azterketa

En el presente trabajo se procede al estudio de los macromicetos de los encinares del País Vasco. Para ello, tomando en cuenta el gradiente norte-sur del País Vasco, se estudiaron los encinares de tres localidades; un encinar cantábrico y dos mediterráneos. En cada encinar se limitaron cinco parcelas de 400 m2. En el tiempo de mayor fructificación de los hongos, las parcelas fueron visitadas semanalmente, y en cada visita, se inventariaron y cuantificaron las distintas especies de macromicetos. Tras un año de muestreo, considerados los encinares en su totalidad, se identificaron 237 especies de macromicetos. Se han observado diferencias en las comunidades de macromicetos de los encinares de las tres localidades. En cualquier caso, para que los resultados de los estudios sobre macromicetos sean fiables, es conveniente hacer un seguimiento de varios años.Lan honetan Euskal Herriko artadietako makromizetoen azterketa egin da. Horretarako, Euskal Herriko ipar-hego gradientea kontsideratuz, hiru lokalitateetako artadiak aztertu ziran; bata artadi kantauriarra eta beste biak mediterraniarrak. Artadi bakoitzean 400 m2-ko bost partzela mugatu ziran. Onddoen fruktifikazio maximoko garaian, partzelak astero bisitatu ziren, eta bisitaldi bakoitzean, makromizeto-espezie desberdinak inbentariatu eta koantifikatu egin ziren. Urte beteko laginketaren ondoren, artadiak orotara kontsideratuz, 237 makromizeto-espezie identifikatu ziren. Ikusi da hiru lokalitateetako artadietako makromizeto-komunitateen artean desberdintasunak daudela. Dana dala, makromizetoen ikasketetan emaitzak fidagarriak izan daitezan urte gehiagoko jarraipena egitea komeni da.Dans ce travail on procède à l'étude des macromycétomes des chênaies du Pays Basque. Pour cela, en tenant compte du gradient nord-sud du Pays Basque, les chênaies de trois localités furent étudiées; une chênaie cantabrique et deux méditerranéennes. Dans chaque chânaie cinq parcelles de 400 m2 furent limitées. A l'époque de plus grande fructification des champignons, les parcelles furent visitées hebdomadairement, et à chaque visite, les différentes espèces de macromycétomes furent inventoriés et quantifiés. Après une année d'échantillonnage, après avoir observé les chênaies dans leur totalité, 237 espèces de macromycétomes furent identifiés. Des différences furent observées dans les communautés de macromycètomes des chênaies des trois localités. Dans tous les cas, pour que les résultats des études sur les macromycétomes soient fiables, il convient de faire un suivi de plusieurs années.This work includes a study of the macromycetes in the oak groves of the Basque Country. To do so, taking into account the north - south gradient of the Basque Country, the oak groves in three emplacements were studied; one Cantabric oak groves and two Mediterranean ones. Five 400 m2 plots were delimited in each oak grove. In the time of most fungi fructification, the plots were visited weekly, and in each visit, an inventory and a quantification was made of the various kinds of macromycetes. After a year of sampling, and considering all of the oak groves, 237 species of macromycetes were identified. Differences were observed in the macromycetes communities in the three emplacements. In any case, if the results of the studies on macromycetes are to be reliable, it is convenient to follow-up the results over a period of several years

Makromizetoak, ekosistemetako bizidun ahaztuak

Makromizetoak fruitu-gorputz ikuskorrak garatzen dituzten onddoak dira. Lan honetan, makromizeto-komunitateen azterketen berri eskaintzen da; besteak beste, zertan oinarritzen diren, zein arazo dituzten, etab. Onddo talde honen beherakada ikusita, arrazoiak zeintzuk izan daitezkeen aipatzen dira. Eta azkenik, ekosistemetan duten garrantzia azaldu ondoren, onddo-komunitate hauen ikerketaren beharra agerian uzten da

Greenhouse seedlings of Alnus showed low host intrageneric specificity and a strong preference for some Tomentella ectomycorrhizal associates

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal associates of Alnus are relatively few in comparison with those associated with other tree hosts. The composition of ECM assemblages associated with Alnus seems to change very little across the Northern Hemisphere. However, Alnus-associated ECM assemblages from the Western United States, Mexico, and Argentina tend to differ from those in eastern North America and Europe, presumably due to their different biogeographic histories. Alnus glutinosa is a northern European species subjected to diverse environmental conditions. To address intrageneric host preference within two distantly related Alnus species (Alnus acuminata and A. glutinosa), we tested the ECM colonization on seedlings of both species inoculated with natural soil from A. acuminata forests. Two tomentelloid ECM fungi from A. acuminata natural soils were determined from the anatomotyping and molecular analysis. Both species colonized A. glutinosa seedlings and presented similar relative abundances. Additional soil sequence data from A. acuminata sites suggest that a variety of tomentelloid taxa occur, including several unidentified Tomentella lineages. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences from various locations do not reflect associations of taxa based on their biogeographic origin, and clades are in general constituted by sequences from diverse regions, including South America, Mexico, USA, and Europe. Results illustrate the probable role of specific tomentelloid fungi in the early colonization of seedlings in A. acuminata forests as well as their importance in the structure of the ECM propagule community at the sites.Fil: Nouhra, Eduardo Ramon. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Pastor, Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Becerra, Alejandra Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Sarrionandia Areitio, Estibaliz. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Geml, Jozsef. Leiden University; Países Bajo