Determining an optimal method for the detection of odorous volatile organic compounds in tiger marking fluid in an effort to aid conservation

Chemical communication plays an integral part of conserving tigers. Tigers, elephants, lions, and many other mammals use marking fluid (MF) and other excrements as means to communicate with each other and their ecosystem. This research focuses on understanding which compounds eluted in tiger (MF) contribute to the overall odor of MF. Specifically, which compounds are responsible for behavioral responses. This study collected MF samples from four, sixteen year old Panthera tigris tigris from South Khayerbari Tiger Rescue Center in West Bengal, India. In this work, MF has been studied to gain a perspective on how tigers utilize MF for territorial and reproductive communication. Specifically, this study expanded upon previous research methodologies that characterized the odor of MF, of Panthera tigris tigris, based on thin-layer chromatography (TLC). TLC was utilized for the separation and identification of lipid compounds. Alkali was added to the TLC paper for the identification of compounds, specifically 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP). This research study compared the concepts of TLC against solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and multidimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry-olfactometry (mdGC-MS-O) for detection of odorous volatile organic compounds. TLC analysis of the samples was performed at the University of Calcutta and mdGC-MS-O work was performed at Iowa State University. The mdGC-MS-O technique uncovered 19 odorous compounds including 2-AP, suggesting that 2-AP is not the only contributing odor to the smell of Panthera tigris tigris M

Colour based nutraceutical potential of some traditional rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) varieties of India

Consumption of unpolished grain, rather than polished grain has become a modern trend and consumers are mainly putting their thoughts and effort to consume products with more antioxidant capacity. Rice is the main staple food and apart from being considered as the main source of energy, it contains many nutraceutical properties because of its enriched secondary metabolites. This study is an effort to bring back the indigenous traditional rice landraces that almost disappeared from the farm fields after the advent of the Green Revolution in India. This article focuses on colour-based nutritional properties of six coloured and four non-coloured indigenous rice varieties based on antioxidant potential, total phenol and flavonoid content along with secondary metabolites profiling by high performance liquid chromatography. The biochemical uniqueness of these varieties has been explored that opens the gate for the conservation of more indigenous rice varieties for food security, as a cheap source of nutritional food and to construct a better niche for public health in developing country like India

Colour based nutraceutical potential of some traditional rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) varieties of India

153-157Consumption of unpolished grain, rather than polished grain has become a modern trend and consumers are mainly putting their thoughts and effort to consume products with more antioxidant capacity. Rice is the main staple food and apart from being considered as the main source of energy, it contains many nutraceutical properties because of its enriched secondary metabolites. This study is an effort to bring back the indigenous traditional rice landraces that almost disappeared from the farm fields after the advent of the Green Revolution in India. This article focuses on colour-based nutritional properties of six coloured and four non-coloured indigenous rice varieties based on antioxidant potential, total phenol and flavonoid content along with secondary metabolites profiling by high performance liquid chromatography. The biochemical uniqueness of these varieties has been explored that opens the gate for the conservation of more indigenous rice varieties for food security, as a cheap source of nutritional food and to construct a better niche for public health in developing country like India

Determining an optimal method for the detection of odorous volatile organic compounds in tiger marking fluid in an effort to aid conservation

Chemical communication plays an integral part of conserving tigers. Tigers, elephants, lions, and many other mammals use marking fluid (MF) and other excrements as means to communicate with each other and their ecosystem. This research focuses on understanding which compounds eluted in tiger (MF) contribute to the overall odor of MF. Specifically, which compounds are responsible for behavioral responses. This study collected MF samples from four, sixteen year old Panthera tigris tigris from South Khayerbari Tiger Rescue Center in West Bengal, India. In this work, MF has been studied to gain a perspective on how tigers utilize MF for territorial and reproductive communication. Specifically, this study expanded upon previous research methodologies that characterized the odor of MF, of Panthera tigris tigris, based on thin-layer chromatography (TLC). TLC was utilized for the separation and identification of lipid compounds. Alkali was added to the TLC paper for the identification of compounds, specifically 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP). This research study compared the concepts of TLC against solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and multidimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry-olfactometry (mdGC-MS-O) for detection of odorous volatile organic compounds. TLC analysis of the samples was performed at the University of Calcutta and mdGC-MS-O work was performed at Iowa State University. The mdGC-MS-O technique uncovered 19 odorous compounds including 2-AP, suggesting that 2-AP is not the only contributing odor to the smell of Panthera tigris tigris MF</p

Casuarina equisetifolia Forst.

原著和名: トキハギョリウ科名: モクマオウ科 = Casuarinaceae採集地: 沖縄県 南大東島 (琉球 南大東島)採集日: 1987/11/25採集者: 萩庭丈壽整理番号: JH009018国立科学博物館整理番号: TNS-VS-95901

Oleander Stem and Root Standardized Extracts Mitigate Acute Hyperglycaemia by Limiting Systemic Oxidative Stress Response in Diabetic Mice

The extracts of different parts of Nerium oleander L. are used as antidiabetic remedy in the traditional medicinal systems of different parts of the world. Despite these uses in ethnomedicinal system, the antihyperglycemic potentials of oleander stem (NOSE) and root (NORE) extracts have not been pharmacologically evaluated. Therefore, we aimed at evaluating the antidiabetic ethnomedicinal claims of NOSE and NORE, primarily focusing on glucose homeostasis and associated metabolic implications. Alloxan-treated mice with hyperglycaemia (blood glucose >200 mg/dL) were treated with oleander 70% hydromethanolic extracts (200 mg/kg) for 20 consecutive days, and the results were compared with positive control glibenclamide. Blood glucose level was 52–65% lowered (P0.05) changes in insulin sensitivity throughout the treatments. Improved serum insulin remained associated with lowered glucose level (rP = −0.847 and −0.772; P<0.01). Markers of hyperglycaemia-related hepatic glycogen, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), hyperlipidaemia, hepatic injury, and diabetic nephropathy were normalized as well. Improvement of systemic intrinsic antioxidant enzymes (catalase and peroxidase) were correlated (rP = −0.952 to −0.773; P<0.01) with lower lipid peroxidation by-product malondialdehyde (MDA) in the circulation. Principal component analysis coupled with hierarchical cluster analysis represented shift in metabolic homeostasis in diabetic mice, which was further normalized by oleander and glibenclamide treatment. Additionally, molecular docking studies of the phenolic acids measured by HPLC with intracellular cytoprotective transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) revealed strong molecular interactions. The results collectively support the ethnomedicine antidiabetic claims of oleander stem and root and suggest that the oleander mediated elevation of systemic antioxidant status is likely responsible for the improved glycaemic control