Utjecaj izloženosti 1,6-heksametilen diizocijanatu (HDI) na vršni ekspiratorni protok u autolakirera u Iranu

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of occupational exposure to 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) on peak flowmetry in automobile body paint shop workers in Iran. We studied a population of 43 car painters exposed to HDI at their workplaces. Peak expiratory fl ow was tested for one working week, from the start to the end of each shift. Air was sampled and HDI analysed in parallel, according to the OSHA 42 method. Daily and weekly HDI exposure averages were (0.42±0.1) mg m-3 and (0.13±0.05) mg m-3, respectively. On painting days, 72 % of workers showed more than a 10 % variation in peak expiratory fl ow. Inhalation exposure exceeded the threshold limit value (TLV) ten times over. This strongly suggests that HDI affected the peak fl owmetry in the studied workers.Cilj je ovog ispitivanja bio utvrditi vršni protok u 43 iranska autolakirera profesionalno izložena 1,6-heksametilen diizocijanatu (HDI). Vršni ekspiratorni protok testiran je tjedan dana na početku i kraju svake smjene. Uzorkovanje i mjerenje HDI-ja u zraku radilo se istodobno s testiranjem vršnoga protoka, prema metodi OSHA 42. Prosječna dnevna izloženost radnika HDI-ju iznosila je (0.42±0.1) mg m-3, a tjedna (0.13±0.05) mg m-3. U 72 % radnika vršni ekspiratorni protok tijekom dana varirao je više od 10 %. Radnici su udisali deset puta više razine HDI-ja od graničnih te je moguće da je HDI utjecao na mjerenja plućne funkcije

Prevention of radiation-induced cataracts : lowering the regulatory limit dose and evaluation of maintenance activities potentially at risk in nuclear power plants

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Association entre anomalies spermatiques et environnement professionnel chez les hommes consultant pour infertilité de couple

International audienceAlteration of sperm parameters related to occupational exposures is the subject of several studies, often on a case-control approach. The study populations usually comprise men consulting in infertility clinics for couple infertility. The objective of this review is to identify, from these case-control studies, the main occupational factors that may be associated with altered sperm parameters. We selected 13 articles in the PubMed database. Participation in these studies varied from 61 to 2619 subjects, with great methodological heterogeneity, particularly in the characterization of exposure. The main occupations that appear significantly associated with a risk of altered sperm parameters are workmen, painters, farriers, welders, plumbers and technicians. When analysis focuses on occupational exposures, a significant result is reported for solvents, heavy metals, heat, vibrations and non-ionizing radiation. None of the selected studies has found a link with exposure to pesticides. (C) 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.L’altération des paramètres spermatiques liée aux expositions professionnelles fait l’objet de nombreuses études, souvent selon une approche cas témoins. Le recrutement de la population d’étude se fait généralement dans les centres de reproduction en incluant les hommes consultant pour infertilité de couple. L’objectif de cette revue est d’identifier, à partir de ces études cas-témoins, les principaux facteurs professionnels susceptibles d’être associés à une altération des paramètres spermatiques. Nous avons sélectionné 13 articles dans la base de données PubMed. Ces études, qui portent sur des effectifs variant de 61 à 2619 sujets, présentent une grande hétérogénéité méthodologique, notamment dans la caractérisation des expositions. Les principales professions qui paraissent significativement associées à une altération des paramètres spermatiques sont les ouvriers, peintres, agriculteurs, soudeurs, plombiers et techniciens. Lorsque l’analyse porte sur les expositions professionnelles, un résultat significatif est rapporté pour les solvants, les métaux lourds, la chaleur, les vibrations et les rayonnements non ionisants. Aucune des études sélectionnées n’a retrouvé de lien avec une exposition aux pesticides

Very low concentration of cerium dioxide nanoparticles induce DNA damage, but no loss of vitality, in human spermatozoa

International audienceCerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO 2 NP) are widely used for industrial purposes, as in diesel, paint, wood stain and as potential therapeutic applications. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development included CeO 2 NP in the priority list of nanomaterials requiring urgent evaluation. As metal nanoparticles can cross the blood-testis barrier, CeO 2 NP could interact with spermatozoa. The genotoxicity of CeO 2 NP was demonstrated in vitro on human cell lines and mouse gametes. However, the effects of CeO 2 NP on human spermatozoa DNA remain unknown. We showed significant DNA damage induced in vitro by CeO 2 NP on human spermatozoa using Comet assay. The genotoxicity was inversely proportional to the concentration (0.01 to 10 mg·L −1). TEM showed no internalization of CeO 2 NP into the spermatozoa. This study shows for the first time that in vitro exposure to very low concentrations of cerium dioxide nanoparticles can induce significant DNA damage in human spermatozoa. These results add new and important insights regarding the reproductive toxicity of priority nanomaterials, which require urgent evaluation

Radiation protection for surgeons and anesthetists: practices and knowledge before and after training

International audienceThe use of radiological activity in the operating room (OR) and a regulatory decrease of the eye lens dose warrant an assessment of how medical staff are protected from radiation. This study aims to evaluate practices and knowledge in radiation protection (RP) for OR doctors before and after training. A descriptive study of surgeons and anesthetists in a French public hospital center was conducted in 2016. An ad hoc questionnaire concerning occupational practices and knowledge about RP was distributed before and one month after RP training. Among 103 doctors attending the training, 90 answered the questionnaire before the training. Results showed a lack of knowledge and good practice in RP. Most of the participants (86.7%) had never been trained in RP and recognized insufficient knowledge. Most of them (92.2%) wore a lead apron, 50.0% a thyroid-shield, 5.6% lead glasses, 53.3% a passive dosimeter and 17.8% an electronic dosimeter. None of them benefitted from collective protective equipment such as a ceiling suspended screen. The questionnaire following the training was completed by only 35 doctors. A comparison before and after training results showed an improvement in knowledge (scores of correct responses: 5.5/16 before and 9.5/16 after training) but not in RP good practices (scores of correct responses: 3.2/7 before and 3.3/7 after training). One training session appears to be insufficient to improve the application of the safety rules when x-rays are used. Communication needs to be improved regarding RP among anesthetists and surgeons, such as training renewal, workstation analysis in OR related to x-ray use and occupational medical follow-up. Otherwise, radiological risks in OR need to be given better consideration, such as radio-induced cataract risk. It is necessary to encourage the use of dosimeters and protective equipment and to strengthen access to lead glasses and collective protective equipment, such as ceiling suspended screens. All these recommendations ensure the received dose is reduced to as low as is reasonably achievable

Toxicity of nanoparticles on reproduction

International audienceNanoparticles (NPs) are sized between 1 and 100 nm. Their size allows new nanoscale properties of particular interest for industrial and scientific purpose. Over the past twenty years, nanotechnology conquered many areas of use (electronic, cosmetic, textile...). While, human is exposed to an increasing number of nanoparticles sources, health impacts and, particularly on reproductive function, remains poorly evaluated. Indeed, traceability of nanoparticles use is lacking and nanotoxicology follows different rules than classical toxicology. This review focuses on the impact of NPs on health and particularly on fertility and addresses potential risks of chronic exposure to NPs on human fertility. (C) 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved

Les plateformes PREVENIR (PREVention ENvIronnement Reproduction) : plateformes de prévention en santé environnement dédiées à la reproduction

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Les plateformes PREVENIR (PREVention ENvIronnement Reproduction) : plateformes de prévention en santé environnement dédiées à la reproduction

International audienc

Les plateformes PREVENIR (PREVention ENvIronnement Reproduction) : plateformes de prévention en santé environnement dédiées à la reproduction

International audienc