Medium Domination Decomposition of Graphs

A set of vertices  in a graph  dominates  if every vertex in  is either in  or adjacent to a vertex in . The size of any smallest dominating set is called domination number of . The concept of Medium Domination Number was introduced by Vargor and Dunder which finds the total number of vertices that dominate all pairs of vertices and evaluate the average of this value. The Medium domination Number is a notation which uses neighbourhood of each pair of vertices.  For G = (V, E) and ∀u,v∈ V if u, v are adjacent they dominate each other, then atleast dom (u, v) = 1. The total number of vertices that dominate every pair of vertices is defined as TDV(G)=∑dom(u,v), for every u,v∈V(G).  For any connected, undirected, loopless graph G of order p, the Medium Domination Number MD(G) = . In this paper we have introduced the new concept Medium Domination Decomposition. A decomposition of a graphG is said to be Medium Domination Decomposition (MDD) i

Comparative study between DIPSI and GCT for screening of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

INTRODUCTION: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus(GDM) is defined as “carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity that is first diagnosed during present pregnancy, regardless of the need for insulin or persistence of the diabetic state after delivery”. Diabetes Mellitus is the most common disorder of pregnancy, although the prevalence can be as high as 14% in high risk groups. When the implications of untreated GDM are considered, including the peripartum risks (like macrosomia, hyperbilirubinemia, operative delivery, shoulder dystocia and birth trauma), higher incidence of childhood obesity and longer term risk of type 2 diabetes in mother and offspring, a strong case can be made for effective screening and diagnostic tests in Indian population. The Fifth International Conference on GDM recommended grouping of pregnant women based on risk factors and two step or one step testing for diagnosis of GDM. The testing for GDM at the earliest and by appropriate method identifies those women who need treatment with either diet alone or a combination of diet and insulin therapy. This results in prevention of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The epidemiology of diabetes in pregnancy is changing every day. The evidence for clinical management, and the consequences on how to detect, manages and follow up diabetes in pregnancy should receive top priority in future. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To Compare screening of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus by Diabetes In Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) recommended 75g oral glucose challenge test with 50g oral glucose challenge test. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A detailed history from antenatal patients was taken to reveal all risk factors. The Procedure of the study was explained and required consent for the study was taken. Examination of the patients was done and all relevant data was obtained. Pregnant women at 24-28 weeks gestation were tested with 50g oral glucose load or 75g oral glucose load, at random. Patients under GCT group were given 50g of oral glucose dissolved in 200ml water, irrespective of last meal and 1 hour venous blood sample was collected. If they test to be positive (>/= 140mg/dl), they were confirmed with 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test using ADA (American Diabetes Association) criteria. Patients under DIPSI group were given 75g of oral glucose, irrespective of last meal, following which 2 hour venous sample was collected. Blood glucose was tested by GOD-POD method method. Doagnosis of GDM was made when the plasma glucose value exceeds 140mg/dL. Patients diagnosed to be GDM were treated appropriately and followed up postnatally. RESULTS: A total of 1000 antenatal patients were studied. Out of 500 patients in each group, the incidence of GDM was 9% in GCT group and 12.5% in DIPSI group. In our study it was found that the deranged value of glucose tolerance was found maximum in 21-25 years age group. The incidence of abnormal glucose tolerance was found to be on the higher side in the multiparous women (66.66% in both the groups) when compared to primigravidas. Incidence of GDM was maximum in BMI of > 25kg/m2 group (73.33% in GCT group and 36% in DIPSI group). The percent of patients with risks factors in present pregnancy with abnormal glucose tolerance was 31.2% in GCT group and 36% in DIPSI group. 55.55% of patients in GCT group and 49.99% of patients in DIPSI group had positive family history of diabetes. Most of the patients delivered at term in our study. The common mode of delivery in both groups was LSCS with common indications like fetal distress and previous LSCS. Majority of babies weighed between 2.5 to 4 kg in both the groups. Among GDM patients 16.66% were treated with meal plan and 83.33% with insulin in GCT group and 25% with meal plan and 75% with insulin in DIPSI group. GCT has only 95% specificity when compared to DIPSI hence DIPSI being a single step procedure it is simple and feasible method for screening of GDM. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, as a high prevalence rate was obtained in our study, a simpler, accurate and quicker method of screening and diagnosis like the one step 75g oral glucose challenge test by the DIPSI method, should be performed in all hospitals as routine antenatal procedure for earlier detection and treatment of patients with GDM

ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS FROM CHLOROFORM EXTRACT OF LYCOPERDON SP. (APIOPERDON)

Objective: The present work was done to find out various bioactive compounds present in the chloroform extract of Lycoperdon pyriforme using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Methods: L. pyriforme was collected cleaned to remove any dirt and oven dried at 60°C. The sample was then finely powdered and extracted with chloroform using Soxhlet apparatus. The chemical composition of chloroform extract was then analyzed using QP2010S-Shimadzu GC-MS instrument. Results: Chloroform extract resulted in the presence of 33 compounds with 1-Heneicosanol (11.17%) and E-15-Heptadecenal (11.08%) forming major compounds and 1-Tetradecanol (0.16%), Dichloroacetic acid, and decyl ester (0.15%) forming least. Conclusion: The results indicated the presence of a variety of compounds thus providing the information about various bioactive compounds present in Lycoperdon sp. and its further application in the field of pharmacology

Burning mouth syndrome (stomatodynia) sensile to duloxetine-a case report

Introduction. Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic, idiopathic, intraoral mucosal pain condition in the absence of specific oral lesions and systemic disease. Among evidence-based pharmacological treatments for this disorder, topical and systemic clonazepam, levosulpiride, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been used with partial results. Case: We report a case of a 65-year-old healthy woman with a 3-year history of oral burning. Clinical and laboratory evaluations allowed us to make a diagnosis of burning mouth syndrome. She was treated with duloxetine [DLX]  (60 mg PO qd), a selective serotonin, and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, obtaining a complete remission of symptoms, evaluated via standardized clinical rating scales [BPRS], and an improvement of her quality of life and level of functioning. Discussion: The pathogenesis of BMS still remains unclear. Recently, it has been suggested an underlying neuropathic mechanism, demonstrating a dysfunction in the trigeminal nociceptive pathways at peripheral and/or central nervous system level. The rationale behind the administration of duloxetine resides in its central mechanism of action, and analgesic effects previously demonstrated in diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and fibromyalgia. Also, it has been shown to reduce painful physical symptoms associated with depression. Conclusion: We hypothesize that duloxetine might represent a useful, effective, and additional therapeutic option in the treatment of BMS

Pyrazinamide induced photodermatitis: a case report

Photosensitivity reactions due to pyrazinamide are rare. In this report, a case of pyrazinamide induced photodermatitis has been reported in a patient who is one anti-tuberculosis treatment. The patient developed rashes with burning sensation which are worsened on exposure to sun. These rashes had developed since 5 days following 15 days of start of anti-tubercular drugs. Thus these kinds of adverse reactions can be prevented on early detection and reporting these can help in decrease the morbidity rate of tuberculosis with use of pyrazinamide in the treatment regimens

Assess the Levels of Dependence And Severity of Psychiatric Illness Among Adolescent Boys Addicted to Marijuna

Marijuana refers to the dry leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds from cannabis sativa or cannabis India plant; it is a psychoactive sedative drug. Adolescent age group is more likely to use cannabis in the form of Marijuana and experience many psychiatric illness problems from use. A recent survey from partnership at drug free shows that about 10% of teens smoke cannabis at least 20 times each month. The main objective of the study is to assess the dependency and associated psychiatric illness among adolescent people at selected area. The sampling sizes of 100 were recruited in purposive sampling technique; descriptive study was used along with structured MEEQ questionnaires. In study results shows that level of dependency were 46% adolescents are short term dependent to marijuana, 36% are moderate level of dependent to marijuana, and 23% adolescents are long term dependent to marijuana. There is a significant association between the level of dependency state of marijuana and the psychiatric illness such as visual hallucination, auditory hallucination, improved memory and learning ability at (p<0.05)

Application of MFFC and Edge Detection for Remote Driven Vehicles Through Matlab

Speech recognition is a rapidly emerging technology in Human Computer Interaction HCI. It has many applications as we use it from search engines to the device control it serves many areas we interact every day from dawn to dusk. Along with the uses we have many limitations in speech processing such as Language barrier, Accent and Noise, so to implement the speech processing we have many challenges. To enable the advantages of this speech processing most of the leading software companies like Apple, Microsoft and Google are continuously evolving their speech enabled applications. The speech processing eases the physically challenged people's interaction with the devices and makes them productive. The Idea of the automatically driven cars is introduced by Google and Audi, but they are not acceptable in most of the cases because of lacking trust in current technology. Thus we here worked on the remote driven vehicle in a more secured method using the Mel Frequency cepstral Coefficient. The secure driving of the vehicle can be ensured by the remote driver. This technique is very rapid and more reliable for the speech detection thus the remote driver can use the MFCC and the video from the vehicle needed to be broadcasted to the remote driver that can be done an IP camera running on a data network. And the instructions can from the remote driver can be sent to the vehicle by an app created with python that connected to a micro controller. To minimize the limitations in the remote drive the vehicle must be enabled with automatic braking when obstacle approaches which can be done by the Ultrasonic sensors that do the distance estimation. The remote drivers usually have a very limited view of road they drive and they must get the precise edges of the road this can be achieved by processing the stream of images to calculate the edge in Matlab

IN VITRO ANTICANCER POTENTIAL OF STATIN FROM ASPERGILLUS TAMARII GRD119

Objectives: Fungi have been largely targeted for their biopotential mainly in pharmaceutical industry. Recently, there has been an increase in screening of biopharmaceuticals from microorganisms so as to eliminate side-effects and chemical damages from non-natural sources.Methods: In the present study, Aspergillus tamarii GRD119 (JX110981) was screened for the production of statin by conducting bioassays against Candida and filamentous fungi.Results: Based on the results obtained showing effective inhibition potential against Candida spp and A. fumigatus, further analysis of purification of statin by several chromatographic analyses such as column chromatography, TLC, HPTLC and HPLC was conducted. The extracted statin shows strong cytotoxic activity against HEP G2 cell line.Conclusions: These results designate the fungal strain and the statin produced can serve as candidates for potential genetic transformation and further structural analysis respectively.Keywords: Aspergillus tamarii, chromatography, purification, statin, cytotoxicity

PANI blended MoS2 decorated GO ternary nanocomposite for efficient electrochemical sensing of crucial components in food and beverages

An electrochemical detection dependent on Polyaniline (PANI) blended MoS2 decorated GO (MoS2/PANI@GO) ternary nanocomposite has been developed and used for selective and concomitant determination of Vanillin (VAN), Theophylline (TP) and Caffeine (CAF). The surface morphology and structural properties of the composite are denoted by various scientific methods. The electrochemical behaviour of MoS2/PANI@GO has been investigated by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). The electrochemical oxidation (anodic) peaks have been observed at 0.59, 1.1 and 1.36v in phosphate buffer (pH 7) for Vanillin, Theophylline and Caffeine, respectively. A good linear current response and limit of detection of 0.043, 0.062 and 0.07 of VAN, TP and CAF, are obtained respectively. The concocted electrode reveals low detection limit, wide linear range, excellent reproducibility, high acuteness and stability. The study is also continued to the analysis of the certain components in the commercial foods and beverage samples

Modification of glassy carbon electrode with trigona carbon nanopetals/ferrocene/gold nanoparticles nanocomposite for electrochemical detection of dopamine

In this study, we have synthesized a composite using carbon material derived from bio-inspired onion peel morphology like 2D trigona carbon nano petals (TCP) incorporated with ferrocene (FC). The FC is added with the purpose of improving the electrochemical behaviour of TCP. Further, to increase the number of electrochemically active sites in the composite, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were again decorated on TCP/FC, and thus derived electrochemically active TCP/FC/AuNPs nanocomposite. We have characterized the properties and surface morphology of this nanocomposite through spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Further, using this nanocomposite for surface modification of glassy carbon electrode, we have developed an efficient GCE-TCP/FC/AuNPs electrode. The electrochemical efficiency of this electrode has been inspected through sensing and quantification of pharmaceutically valuable biomolecule dopamine through CV, DPV and square wave voltammetry techniques. The observed CV results reveals that the newly designed GCE-TCP/FC/AuNPs electrode has an ability to detect the dopamine with wide linear range of concentration from 5.96 × 10-6 to 0.1 × 10-4 M and its limit of detection was 2.9 × 10-6 M under 0.1 M phosphate buffer medium (pH 7.0). Therefore, it is important to mention here that this newly fabricated electrode can very well be used for real time sample analysis for sensing and detection of dopamine as it plays a key role in the neurotransmission and causes several diseases