891 research outputs found
Understanding decision making among individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) and their siblings
Many siblings anticipate fulfilling caregiving roles for their brothers and sisters with
intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Given these roles and the importance of
supported decision-making, it is crucial to understand how individuals with IDD and their
siblings make decisions. Using dyadic interviews, we examined the perspectives of nine sibling dyads (N = 18) about decision-making in relation to self-determination, independent living, and employment. The ages of participants ranged from 19 to 57. Data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis to identify themes. Decision-making was characterized by: parents and siblings primarily identifying courses of action; the probability of respective consequences based on the person-environment fit; and the role of the sibling in making the final decision. Characteristics related to the individual with IDD, the family, the sibling, and the environment impacted decision-making. Individuals with IDD were more likely to make their own decisions about leisure activities, however, siblings were more likely to make formal decisions for their brothers and sisters.Accepted manuscrip
Editorial: Research in Transgender Healthcare: What Have We Learned and Where Are We Going?
This article was submitted to Neuroendocrine Science, a section of the journal Frontiers in EndocrinologyThis article is part of the research topic: Research in Transgender Healthcare: What Have We Learned and Where are We Going?[Abstract] Gender incongruence (GI) is defined as “an individual’s discontent with their assigned gender and their identification with a gender other than that associated with their birth sex based on physical sex characteristics”.
The origin of GI appears to be complex and multifactorial. From the extensive research that has been conducted over the past few years, three main factors have been identified as key mechanisms for understanding GI: genes, hormones, and the environment.
Accordingly, our Frontiers Research Topic includes twelve articles that cover very varied topics about GI, including cardiovascular effects of treatment, surgical outcomes, new treatment options and healthcare quality in a broader sense. This research involved the hard work of sixty-six authors that was carried out mainly in Europe (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Serbia, and Spain), Australia, and also the United States.This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation Grant No. PGC2018-094919-B-C2
A TESOL Service Learning Program in Rural Michigan: An Innovative Approach to Preparing Pre-Service Teachers
Central Michigan University offers a TESOL service learning course that provides pre-service teachers the opportunity to apply their understanding of course content while addressing the needs of school-aged and adult emergent multilinguals. An innovative aspect of the course is that it provides clinical experiences, prior to student teaching, at the university’s English Language Institute and at multiple sites within a rural K-12 school district. To contribute to an understanding of how to prepare pre-service teachers while supporting emergent multilinguals in rural communities, the authors describe the development and research basis of the course, discuss the benefits of the course and how they overcame various challenges, and offer advice for developing similar programs. The authors contend that service learning models can provide unique educational experiences by providing meaningful interactions between diverse student populations and call for additional research on TESOL service learning models in rural contexts
Lessons learned on sex, gender and sexual orientation in large-scale general population cohort studies.
Lessons learned on sex, gender and sexual orientation in large-scale general population cohort studies.
Lessons learned on sex, gender and sexual orientation in large-scale general population cohort studies.
Lessons learned on sex, gender and sexual orientation in large-scale general population cohort studies.
Evaluation of soil carbon simulation in CMIP6 Earth system models
The response of soil carbon represents one of the key uncertainties in future climate change. The ability of Earth system models (ESMs) to simulate present-day soil carbon is therefore vital for reliably estimating global carbon budgets required for Paris Agreement targets. In this study CMIP6 ESMs are evaluated against empirical datasets to assess the ability of each model to simulate soil carbon and related controls: net primary productivity (NPP) and soil carbon turnover time (Ď„s). Comparing CMIP6 with the previous generation of models (CMIP5), a lack of consistency in modelled soil carbon remains, particularly the underestimation of northern high-latitude soil carbon stocks. There is a robust improvement in the simulation of NPP in CMIP6 compared with CMIP5; however, an unrealistically high correlation with soil carbon stocks remains, suggesting the potential for an overestimation of the long-term terrestrial carbon sink. Additionally, the same improvements are not seen in the simulation of Ď„s. These results suggest that much of the uncertainty associated with modelled soil carbon stocks can be attributed to the simulation of below-ground processes, and greater emphasis is required on improving the representation of below-ground soil processes in future developments of models. These improvements would help to reduce the uncertainty in projected carbon release from global soils under climate change and to increase confidence in the carbon budgets associated with different levels of global warming.</p
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