"Omne, quod no est ex fide, peccatum est". The relevance of good faith in canonical transactio

Il substrato canonistico della transazione è di particolare evidenza. In essa, infatti, il conflitto ha spesso già raggiunto lo stadio litigioso. Ragion per cui nella sua interpretazione la dottrina tende a separare i due profili economico ed etico. Su quest’ultimo, in particolare, la Chiesa, pur dotata di un sistema di sanzioni giuridiche necessariamente imperfetto, ha svolto, nei secoli, un ruolo di primo piano. É infatti un insegnamento evangelico che alla base di ogni rapporto umano debba regnare la concordia, poiché concordia mater est unitatis: se le parti, ignorando l’etica, stanno per giungere ad una lite, o vi siano giunte, la Chiesa deve esortarle a comporla. Ciò che si intende qui indagare è dunque la rilevanza di due fra i requisiti essenziali dell’istituto transattivo, ovvero la lis e la res dubia, all’interno del sistema delle Decretali (X 1.36. 1-11 de transactionibus). La cornice sarà offerta dal principio cardine che sancisce l’effettività del negozio: Effectus transactionis est, ut ei stetur; questo per valutare come debba essere intesa nell’ordinamento canonico l’incertezza della lite in rapporto al principio di buona fede.It is quite clear that there is a canonical foundation underlying the institute of transactio. Indeed, a compromise is often reached when a dispute has already entered the litigation phase, and as such legal doctrine tends to separate the economic aspect from the ethical aspect in its interpretation. Though the Church has a necessarily imperfect system of legal sanctions at its disposal, over the centuries it has in fact played a fundamental role in the ethical aspect of compromise. Indeed, the Gospel teaches that every human relationship must be based on concordia, as concordia mater est unitatis: if parties have ignored such morals and are about to litigate, or have already started legal proceedings, the Church must exhort them to settle the dispute. This article aims to examine the relevance of two of the essential requirements of transactio – namely lis and res dubia – within the Decretals (X 1.36. 1-11 de transactionibus). The framework of this analysis is provided by the tenet Effectus transactionis est, ut ei stetur, which sanctions the effectiveness of transactio as a juristic act. The goal is to evaluate how the uncertainty of legal proceedings relates to the principle of good faith in canon law.Ciencias ReligiosasDerech

Un ‘vecchio’ noi ed un ‘nuovo’ loro. L’introduzione enciclopedica allo studio del diritto di G.D. Romagnosi

Gian Domenico Romagnosi’s contribution to the restructuring of legal studies in Italy – a reform unfurled through plans and bills, namely the Piano di istruzione legale (Legal Education Plan) and Progetto di Regolamento degli Studi Legali (Project for the Regulation of Legal Studies) and, from a legislative point of view, through the formation of the Regolamento per gli studi Pratici Legali (Regulations for Practical Legal Studies), as well as the creation of three Postgraduate Schools – culminating in the drafting of an unpublished textbook entitled Introduzione enciclopedica allo studio del diritto. his work still strove to collect and explain knowledge: as such, it was a sort of manifestation of the goals he had alluded to ten years earlier in Studio preparatorio alla Facoltà Politico Legale. His Introduzione was meant to be just that: ‘introductory tool’ that could embrace the whole of legal knowledge, so that the elderly Professor could take stock of his educational ambitions and disseminate the epistemological views that he identified with in the new institutional climate. Romagnosi came to this subject matter late in life, having left behind the various forms of individualistic radicalism that had typified the revolutionary era and his encyclopedia seems to be an appropriate way to summarize his life’s work.L’apporto di Gian Domenico Romagnosi al riassetto degli studi giuridici – un percorso piuttosto lungo che lo accompagna per tutto l’arco della sua parabola scientifica e che si snoda attraverso programmi e disegni dal Piano di istruzione legale al Regolamento per gli studi Pratici Legali con la creazione di tre Scuole di Specializzazione post laurea – si conclude con la redazione di un manuale di Introduzione enciclopedica allo studio del diritto cui è dedicato il presente contributo. Lo scritto, rimasto incompiuto ed inedito, non rappresenta solo uno schema provvisorio per le lezioni rimasto incompiuto. Ma proprio per essere stato maturato in un clima assai diverso rispetto ai lavori precedenti – ormai alla fine della vita del Maestro – testimonia un momento significativamente critico dell’insegnamento del diritto in genere e del percorso educativo romagnosiano in specie

Non coding RNA and brain

Small non coding RNAs are a group of very different RNA molecules, present in virtually all cells, with a wide spectrum of regulatory functions which include RNA modification and regulation of protein synthesis. They have been isolated and characterized in all organisms and tissues, from Archaeobacteria to mammals. In mammalian brain there are a number of these small molecules, which are involved in neuronal differentiation as well as, possibly, in learning and memory. In this manuscript, we analyze the present knowledge about the function of the most important groups of small non-coding RNA present in brain: small nucleolar RNAs, small cytoplasmic RNAs, and microRNAs. The last ones, in particular, appear to be critical for dictating neuronal cell identity during development and to play an important role in neurite growth, synaptic development and neuronal plasticity

Enterobacteriaceae Antibiotic Resistance in Ready-to-Eat Foods Collected from Hospital and Community Canteens: Analysis of Prevalence

Foodborne diseases and antibiotic resistance are serious widespread health problems in the contemporary world. In this study, we compared the microbiological quality of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods found in community canteens versus hospital canteens in Rome, Italy, focusing on detection and quantification of Enterobacteriaceae and the antibiotic resistance of these bacteria. Our findings show a remarkable difference in Enterobacteriaceae contamination between RTE foods distributed in community canteens (33.5% of samples) and those distributed in hospital canteens (5.3% of samples). This result highlights greater attention to good manufacturing practices and good hygiene practices by the food operators in hospitals compared with food operators in community canteens. As expected, a higher percentage of cold food samples (70.9%) than of hot food samples (10.8%) were positive for these bacteria. Excluding the intrinsic resistance of each bacterial strain, 92.3% of the isolated strains were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and about half of the isolated strains were classified as multidrug resistant. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains was 50% in the community samples and 33.3% in hospital canteens. Our results indicate that approximately 38% of RTE foods provided in community canteens is not compliant with microbiological food safety criteria and could be a special risk for consumers through spread of antibiotic-resistant strains. Hygienic processing and handling of foods is necessary for both hospital and community canteens

Scanning Electron Microscopy Approach for Evaluation of Hair Dyed with Lawsonia inermis Powder: in vitro Study

SUMMARY: During aging, usually graying of the hair occurs as a result of oxidative stress. Driven by social acceptance and self-perception of the exterior appearance, both men and women rely on hair dyeing products, in order to mask the graying hair. At the same time, a frequent use of synthetic products and treatment can damage the hair shaft; for this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the morphological effect of the herbal dye derived from Lawsonia inermis (henna), on hair. Dyed hairs were evaluated by means of SEM. Subsequently, they were compared, qualitatively and quantitatively, with undyed hairs. Results showed a positive impact on the cuticula pattern and on the diameters of the examined samples, after henna application. Different results, about the degree and the type of morphological changes occurring on pigmented hairs, may depend on the phenotype and on the health condition of hair, before dye treatment. RESUMEN: Durante el envejecimiento, generalmente se produce el envejecimiento del cabello como resultado del estrés oxidativo. Motivados por la aceptación social y la autopercepción de la apariencia, tanto hombres como mujeres confían en productos para teñir el cabello para enmascarar las canas. Al mismo tiempo, el uso frecuente de productos y tratamientos sintéticos puede dañar el tallo del cabello. Por esta razón, este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto morfológico del tinte derivado de Lawsonia inermis (henna) en el cabello. Los cabellos teñidos se evaluaron mediante SEM. Posteriormente, se compararon, cualitativa y cuantitativamente, con cabellos sin teñir. Los resultados mostraron un impacto positivo en el patrón de la cutícula y en los diámetros de las muestras examinadas, después de la aplicación de henna. Los diferentes resultados, sobre el grado y el tipo de cambios morfológicos que ocurren en los cabellos pigmentados, pueden depender del fenotipo y del estado de salud del cabello, antes del tratamiento con tinte

La sostenibilità del cambiamento del modello DADA: pratiche didattiche e Ricerca-Formazione

Il presente lavoro ha il fine di riflettere sul contributo che la ricerca sul monitoraggio delle scuole DADA (Didattiche per Ambienti Di Apprendimento) può fornire per la formazione di competenze valutative degli insegnanti; dunque, ripercorre le tappe principali dello studio di monitoraggio, curato dalla Sapienza Università di Roma, in un percorso di Ricerca-Formazione, guardando ai processi di cambiamento. Lo studio mira a delineare sia aspetti comuni alle scuole che aderiscono al modello DADA attraverso la voce dei partecipanti, sia aspetti specifici che fanno di ogni scuola DADA un caso unico. Dall’interpretazione dei risultati derivati dalla triangolazione di fonti di dati e metodi emerge come lo sviluppo di competenze valutative degli insegnanti sia un processo contestuale, che porta a riflettere sui cambiamenti sostenibili; processo che resta aperto ai bisogni formativi e di monitoraggio espressi dagli insegnanti stessi

A phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study of fresolimumab in patients with steroid-resistant primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Introduction: Steroid-resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (SR-FSGS) is a common glomerulopathy associated with nephrotic range proteinuria. Treatment goals are reduction in proteinuria, which can delay end-stage renal disease. Methods: Patients with SR-FSGS were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of fresolimumab, a monoclonal anti transforming growth factor b antibody, at 1 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg for 112 days, followed double-blind for 252 days (NCT01665391). The primary efficacy endpoint was the percentage of patients achieving partial (50% reduction) or complete (< 300 mg/g Cr) remission of proteinuria. Results: Of 36 enrolled patients, 10, 14, and 12 patients received placebo, fresolimumab 1 mg/kg, and fresolimumab 4 mg/kg, respectively. The baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary protein/creatinine ratio were 63 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 6190 mg/g, respectively. The study was closed before reaching its target of 88 randomized patients. None of the prespecified efficacy endpoints for proteinuria reduction were achieved; however, at day 112, the mean percent change in urinary protein/creatinine ratio (a secondary efficacy endpoint) was –18.5% (P ¼ 0.008), þ10.5% (P ¼ 0.52), and þ9.0% (P ¼ 0.91) in patients treated with fresolimumab 1 mg/kg, fresolimumab 4 mg/kg, and placebo, respectively. There was a nonsignificant trend toward greater estimated glomerular filtration rate decline in the placebo group compared to either of the fresolimumab-treated arms up to day 252. Discussion: The study was underpowered and did not meet the primary or secondary endpoints. However, fresolimumab was well tolerated and is appropriate for continued evaluation in larger studies with adequate power

Valutazione di Health Technology Assessment del sistema di sanificazione biologico a base di probiotici del genere Bacillus (PCHS)

Le infezioni correlate all’assistenza: priorità per la salute pubblica Epidemiologia delle infezioni correlate all’assistenza in Italia e loro impatto per la salute pubblica Sistemi di sanificazione attualmente disponibili in Italia Il Probiotic Cleaning Hygiene System (PCHS): caratteristiche della tecnologia, aspetti di efficacia e sicurezza Un sistema di sanificazione a base di probiotici per la riduzione delle infezioni correlate all’assistenza e la resistenza antimicrobica: analisi dell’impatto sul budget Impatto ambientale per la salute pubblica degli attuali sistemi di sanificazione di ambienti/superfici in setting assistenziale e comunitario e potenziali benefici dei nuovi sistemi innovativi Analisi delle principali raccomandazioni nazionali su sanificazione e disinfezione degli ambienti sanitari Valutazione etica dell’utilizzo del Probiotic Cleaning Hygiene System (PCHS) in Italia Elementi chiave per il processo decisional

A machine-learning based bio-psycho-social model for the prediction of non-obstructive and obstructive coronary artery disease

Background: Mechanisms of myocardial ischemia in obstructive and non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), and the interplay between clinical, functional, biological and psycho-social features, are still far to be fully elucidated. Objectives: To develop a machine-learning (ML) model for the supervised prediction of obstructive versus non-obstructive CAD. Methods: From the EVA study, we analysed adults hospitalized for IHD undergoing conventional coronary angiography (CCA). Non-obstructive CAD was defined by a stenosis &lt; 50% in one or more vessels. Baseline clinical and psycho-socio-cultural characteristics were used for computing a Rockwood and Mitnitski frailty index, and a gender score according to GENESIS-PRAXY methodology. Serum concentration of inflammatory cytokines was measured with a multiplex flow cytometry assay. Through an XGBoost classifier combined with an explainable artificial intelligence tool (SHAP), we identified the most influential features in discriminating obstructive versus non-obstructive CAD. Results: Among the overall EVA cohort (n = 509), 311 individuals (mean age 67 ± 11&nbsp;years, 38% females; 67% obstructive CAD) with complete data were analysed. The ML-based model (83% accuracy and 87% precision) showed that while obstructive CAD was associated with higher frailty index, older age and a cytokine signature characterized by IL-1β, IL-12p70 and IL-33, non-obstructive CAD was associated with a higher gender score (i.e., social characteristics traditionally ascribed to women) and with a cytokine signature characterized by IL-18, IL-8, IL-23. Conclusions: Integrating clinical, biological, and psycho-social features, we have optimized a sex- and gender-unbiased model that discriminates obstructive and non-obstructive CAD. Further mechanistic studies will shed light on the biological plausibility of these associations. Clinical trial registration: NCT02737982