Çocuk hastalıklarında geleneksel olarak kullanılan bazı bitkiler

Objective: Different types of pediatric diseases negatively affect the lives of many people, physically. Here, we aimed to document some medicinal plants used as traditional folk medicine in pediatrics treatment. Result and Discussion: 117 taxa and 53 families have been identified as traditional herbal medicines used in defined pediatric diseases. The most frequently used medicinal plant species according to the number of citations Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Juglans regia L., Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, Rosa canina L., Mentha x piperita L., Matricaria chamomilla L. All findings are expected to form the basis for new pharmaceutical products and become a handbook for healthcare professionals.Amaç: Çocuk hastalıklarının farklı türleri birçok insanın yaşamını fiziksel olarak olumsuz etkilemektedir. Burada geleneksel halk hekimliği olarak pediatri tedavisinde kullanılan bazı şifalı bitkileri belgelemeyi amaçladık. Sonuç ve Tartışma: Tanımlanmış çocuk hastalıklarında kullanılan geleneksel bitkisel ilaçlar olarak 117 takson ve 53 familya tespit edilmiştir. Atıf sayılarına göre en sık kullanılan tıbbi bitki türleri Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Juglans regia L., Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, Rosa canina L., Mentha x piperita L., Matricaria chamomilla L. Tüm bulguların yeni farmasötik ürünler için temel oluşturması ve sağlık profesyonelleri için bir el kitabı olması bekleniyor

Fen bilimleri dersinde sosyobilimsel konuların öğretiminde bilimsel senaryo kullanımının öğrencilerin mantıksal düşünme becerileri üzerine etkisi

In recent years, countries have focused specifically on improving thinking skills in their science education programs. One of the science lesson methods that can be used to activate the use of thinking processes is scientific scenarios. Therefore, the study aim is to investigate the effect of the use of scientific scenarios in the science course on students' logical thinking skills. The study was carried out in the 'DNA and genetic code' unit, which especially includes some socioscientific issues. The research was designed according to the quasi-experimental pattern with unequal control group among the pretest-posttest control group designs, and it was conducted with a total of 36 eighth grade students from the experimental and control groups. The data were collected using the logical thinking group test and an individual information form. According to the study findings, it was understood that scenario-based teaching had an important effect on developing students' logical thinking and in passing their developmental period to the next stage. This finding shows that the processing of some socioscientific science topics with scientific scenarios is effective in increasing students' logical thinking skills. In line with these results obtained from the study, conclusions have been made regarding the use of scientific scenarios.Son yıllarda ülkeler fen eğitimi programlarında özellikle düşünme becerilerini geliştirmeye odaklanmışlardır. Düşünme süreçlerinin kullanımını aktif hale getirmede kullanılabilecek fen dersi yöntemlerinden biri de bilimsel senaryolardır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın amacı, fen bilimleri dersinde bilimsel senaryoların yer aldığı sosyobilimsel konu temelli öğretimsel deneyimin, öğrencilerin mantıksal düşünme becerilerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışma, özellikle bazı sosyobilimsel konuları içeren “DNA ve Genetik Kod” ünitesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma, ön test-son test kontrol gruplu desenlerden eşit olmayan kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desene göre tasarlanmış, deney ve kontrol gruplarından toplam 36 sekizinci sınıf öğrencisiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler mantıksal düşünme grup testi ve bireysel bilgi formu ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre senaryo temelli öğretimin öğrencilerin mantıksal düşünmelerini geliştirmede ve bulundukları gelişimsel dönemi bir sonraki aşamaya geçirmelerinde önemli etkisi olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bu bulgu, fen dersindeki bazı sosyobilimsel konuların bilimsel senaryolarla işlenmesinin öğrencilerin mantıksal düşünme becerilerini artırmada etkili olduğunu göstermektedi

Intersection of different disciplines: Elements

AbstractThis study aims to reveal the extent to which 7th grade students are able to integrate the “use of elements” topic into different disciplines, to determine their way of accomplishing this integration. The study is conducted with 37 seventh grade students in a private school in Istanbul in 2008–2009. Integration of Elements Test (IET) is administered both as a pretest and a posttest and activity sheets are formed to be used during the treatment. After the completion of the treatment, a semi-structured interview is conducted with 4 randomly selected students and they are videotaped and analyzed qualitatively

Do preterm infants with Bronchopulmonary dysplasia have a unique postnatal weight gain pattern?

Objectives To investigate the weight gain pattern of preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) during the hospital stay using weekly weight assessment methods. Methods This single-center, retrospective, cohort study was carried out in Zekai Tahir Burak Maternal Health Education and Research Hospital between 2014 and 2018. One hundred fifty-one preterm infants <32 weeks of gestation and <1500 g of birth weight with BPD were compared to 251 babies without BPD in terms of weekly weight gain, standard deviation score (SDS), and fall in weight SDS till discharge. Results Mean body weight was significantly lower in babies with BPD in all weeks except postnatal week (PW) 8. The groups had similar daily weight gain between birth and discharge (p = .78). Infants with BPD had lower weight SDS on postnatal day (PD) 14 and 21, and discharge, however similar on PD 28. The fall in SDS between PW 4 and discharge was significantly higher in the BPD group. Infants with BPD had higher fall in weight SDS between birth and discharge (p = .022). Discharge weight SDS was associated with gestational age and weight SDS on PW 4 in the whole cohort. Conclusion Infants with BPD showed a unique and unsteady pattern of growth compromise during the NICU course, most explicitly in early postnatal life and between PD 28-discharge. Future studies should consider not only the early postnatal life but also the period after four weeks of life till discharge to design an optimal nutrition strategy and decent growth for preterm infants with BPD

Is there any association between the efficacy of imaging techniques and the age of the patient in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis?

Aim: In this study, we aimed to assess whether there is any difference between the time and effectiveness seen in the diagnostic stage of acute appendicitis when an appropriate imaging method is selected for the patients in different age groups. Materials and Methods: During the 6-month period between October 1, 2015, and April 1, 2016, we retrospectively reviewed the files of patients who visited our emergency clinic, which is a third-step emergency department of a university hospital, and who then underwent operations at our hospital. Patients were evaluated according to their age: Group 1, 40 years and younger; Group 2, 40-60 years; Group 3, 60 years and older. Results: In this study, 97 patients (59.1%) were male and 67 patients (40.9%) were female. Their ages ranged from 19 to 86 years (mean age, 36.7 +/- 14.7 years). The percentage of patients who underwent only ultrasonography (US) was 52.3% in the first age group, 39.5% in the second age group, and 0.0% in the third age group (p<0.0001). The rates of patients who underwent only computerized tomography (CT) were 15.3% in the first age group, 28.9% in the second age group, and 60% in the third age group (p<0.0001). There was a statistically significant difference between the sensitivities of CT and US by age group (p<0.001). Conclusion: We believe that US should be the first method to be preferred in young and uncomplicated cases and that CT should be preferred in elderly patients with atypical presentations

The seroprevalance and vaccination status of Hepatitis B in children 1-6 years of age in Denizli Province

AMAÇ: Bu çalışmanın amacı Denizli ilinde, 1-6 yas arası çocuklarda, HBsAg seroprevalansı, anti-HBs sıklıgı ve hepatit B aşılanma durumunu araştırmaktır. GEREÇ ve YÖNTEM: Çalışmaya alınan çocukların hiçbirinde kronik hastalık ve immun yetmezlik yoktu. Hepatit belirleyicileri (HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-Hbc) 545 çocukta ELISA yöntemi ile tarandı. Ayrıca çocukların anne ve babasının Hepatit B infeksiyon durumu sorgulandı ve kayıt edildi. BULGULAR: Çalışmamızdaki 545 çocuğun 314 (%57.6)'sı kız, 231 (%42.4)'i erkek olup, ortalama yas 3.9±1.2 (2-6) yıl idi. 475 (%87.1) çocukta anti-HBs pozitifliği, 58 (%10.6) çocukta HBsAg ve anti HBs negatifliği, 12 (%2.3) çocukta HBsAg pozitifliği saptandı. SONUÇ: Tüm çocuklar içinde aşılanma oranı %84.9 olarak bulundu. Sonuçta, 1-6 yas arası çocukların aşılanmasının önemine dikkat çekilmiştir.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate seroprevalence of HBsAg and frequency of anti-HBs positivity and hepatitisBvaccination status in children, 1- 6 years of age, in Denizli province. MATERIALS and METHODS: None of the children had chronic diseases and immun deficiency. In 545 children, Hepatitis markers (HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-Hbc) were screened by ELISA method. We questioned Hepatitis-B infection of parents. RESULTS: Of 545 patients, 314 (57.6%) were male, 231 (42.4%) were female, mean age was 3.9±1.2 (2-6) years. We found anti-HBs positivity in 475 (87.1%) children. 58 (10.6%) children had anti-HBs and HBsAg negativity. 12 (2.3%) children hadHBsAg positivity. CONCLUSION: The rate of vaccination in all children was found 84.9% (463 children). Importance of vaccination of 1-6 years of age was emphasized

Does severity of being small for gestational age in very low birth weight infants affect mortality?

Amaç: Gestasyon yaşına göre küçük (SGA) olmanın klasik tanımı, pretermlerde değişik derecelerde büyüme kısıtlılığının olması durumunda yetersiz değerlendirmeye sebep olabilir. Bu çalışmada çok düşük doğum ağırlıklı bebeklerde (ÇDDA) ılımlı ya da ciddi düzeyde SGA olmanın mortalite üzerine etkinliğinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Yöntem: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya 2013-2017 tarihlerinde hastanemizde doğan doğum ağırlığı 20 persentil olanlar AGA olarak gruplandırıldı. Persentil belirlemede Fenton büyüme eğrisi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmada SGA, M-SGA ve AGA grubuna sırası ile 34, 46 ve 631 bebek dahil edildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen bebeklerden SGA olan grupta medyan doğum ağırlığı 660 g (560-720), M-SGA grubunda 800 g (720-870), AGA grubunda 1,080 g (920-1245) (p20 percentile were grouped as AGA. Fenton growth curve was used to determine percentile. Results: In the study, 34, 46 and 631 babies were included in the SGA, M-SGA and AGA groups, respectively. The median birth weight was 660 g (560-720) in the SGA group, 800 g (720-870) in the M-SGA group and 1080 g (920-1245) in the AGA group (p<0.001). Mortality rates were higher in SGA (44.1%) and M-SGA (15.2%) groups than in AGA (11.9%) groups (p<0.001). In logistic regression analysis, early neonatal sepsis [Odds ratio (OR): 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5-4.3], severe intraventricular bleeding (OR: 3.8, 95% CI: 2.08-6.77) and being SGA (OR: 7.08, 95% CI: 2.5-14.7) are found as independent risk factors for mortality. The presence of moderate SGA was not detected as an independent risk factor for mortality. Conclusion: SGA with accompanying prematurity involves more risk for morbidity and mortality. The presence of moderate SGA in very low birth weight infants may also increase mortality. Further studies are needed with new classifications prepared considering the severity of SGA

In a real-life setting, direct-acting antivirals to people who inject drugs with chronic hepatitis c in Turkey

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) should be treated in order to eliminate hepatitis C virus in the world. The aim of this study was to compare direct-acting antivirals treatment of hepatitis C virus for PWID and non-PWID in a real-life setting. Methods: We performed a prospective, non-randomized, observational multicenter cohort study in 37 centers. All patients treated with direct-acting antivirals between April 1, 2017, and February 28, 2019, were included. In total, 2713 patients were included in the study among which 250 were PWID and 2463 were non-PWID. Besides patient characteristics, treatment response, follow-up, and side effects of treatment were also analyzed. Results: Genotype 1a and 3 were more prevalent in PWID-infected patients (20.4% vs 9.9% and 46.8% vs 5.3%). The number of naïve patients was higher in PWID (90.7% vs 60.0%), while the number of patients with cirrhosis was higher in non-PWID (14.1% vs 3.7%). The loss of follow-up was higher in PWID (29.6% vs 13.6%). There was no difference in the sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after treatment (98.3% vs 98.4%), but the end of treatment response was lower in PWID (96.2% vs 99.0%). In addition, the rate of treatment completion was lower in PWID (74% vs 94.4%). Conclusion: Direct-acting antivirals were safe and effective in PWID. Primary measures should be taken to prevent the loss of follow-up and poor adherence in PWID patients in order to achieve World Health Organization’s objective of eliminating viral hepatitis

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P &lt; 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Analyzing teachers’ perceptions of “female teacher” and “male teacher” within traditional gender roles

The purpose of this study is to analyze the perceptions of teachers regarding “female” and “male” teacher through metaphors. Metaphors that female and male teachers use to describe their perceptions and explanations for the rationale of using these metaphors were investigated. Content analysis was done on the data obtained from 103 teachers. As a result of data analysis, it was determined that a total of 192 metaphors including 101 for "female teacher" and 91 for "male teacher" had been developed. While the metaphors developed for female teachers were grouped under five categories such as “a devoted mother” and "diligent one undertaking many tasks"; the metaphors developed for male teachers were gathered under seven categories such as “a figure of authority and security” and "leading one". Findings indicated that meanings that male and female teachers attribute to their same and opposite sex counterparts were parallel to traditional gender roles