Identifikasi Pencemaran Limbah Di Sekitar TPA Antang Makassar Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik Resistivitas

The data presented in this paper are related to the characterization of a subsurface layer of TPA Antang, Makassar, South Sulawesi. The method used in this study is geo-electrical resistivity Wenner configuration by taking the data 3 lines in each region with lengths 150 m. Data processing used non-linear least square optimization with that of the 2D inversion software Res2Dinv. The results showed that the area was underlain by two layers of lithologic sections. The first layer with a resistivity value of 11.5 - 33.64 Ωm with a thickness ranging from 2-6 meters below the surface (original ground surface), was the sediment resulting from stockpiling dominated by silty sand sediment to sand based on field observation information. The second layer with a resistivity value of 3.02 - 11.5 Ωm with a depth ranging from 2 - 6 meters from the surface. The determination of this layer is based on information on well data and responses which indicate that this layer is swampy sediment, dominant sand ranging from sand alone to silty sand. The very small value of recessivity indicates that this layer is not compact sediment so the pore space between the grains was saturated. This layer is identified as a shallow aquifer. Based on the resistivity value, the fluid that filled this layer was divided into two types of fluids, fluids with a low resistivity value of 3.02 - 5.71 Ωm, it is assumed that the influence of leachate which is electrolytic makes it easy to flow electric current, and fluid with a resistivity value of 5.71 - 11.5 Ωm is a fluid that has not been contaminated with leachate. Keywords: Antang Landfill, geoelectric, groundwater, resistivity, waste ABSTRAKData yang disajikan dalam makalah ini terkait dengan karakterisasi lapisan bawah permukaan TPA Antang, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode geolistrik resistivitas konfigurasi Wenner dengan mengambil data 3 jalur masing-masing daerah dengan panjang 150 m. Pemrosesan data menggunakan optimasi kuadrat terkecil non-linier dengan perangkat lunak inversi 2D Res2Dinv. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daerah tersebut dilatarbelakangi oleh dua lapisan bagian litologi. Lapisan pertama dengan nilai resistivitas 11,5 - 33,64 m dengan ketebalan berkisar antara 2-6 meter di bawah permukaan (original ground surface), merupakan sedimen hasil penimbunan yang didominasi oleh sedimen pasir berlumpur hingga pasir berdasarkan informasi observasi lapangan. Lapisan kedua dengan nilai resistivitas 3,02 – 11,5 m dengan kedalaman berkisar antara 2 – 6 meter dari permukaan. Penentuan lapisan ini berdasarkan informasi data sumur dan respon yang menunjukkan bahwa lapisan ini merupakan sedimen berawa, dominan pasir mulai dari pasir saja sampai pasir berlumpur (silty sand). Nilai resesivitas yang sangat kecil menunjukkan lapisan ini merupakan sedimen yang tidak kompak sehingga ruang pori antar butir jenuh oleh air. Lapisan ini diidentifikasi sebagai akuifer dangkal. Berdasarkan nilai resistivitasnya, fluida yang mengisi lapisan ini terbagi menjadi dua jenis fluida yaitu fluida dengan nilai resistivitas rendah 3,02 – 5,71 m, diduga pengaruh lindi yang bersifat elektrolitik memudahkan aliran arus listrik dan fluida dengan nilai resistivitas 5,71 – 11,5 m merupakan fluida yang belum tercemar lindi. Kata kunci: TPA Antang, geolistrik, air tanah, resistivity, limba

Efektivitas ekstrak N-Heksana daun tembelekan (Lantana camara L.) dan mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) terhadap mortalitas keong mas (Pomacea canaliculate L.)

Golden snail is one of the potential pests for agricultural failure in Indonesia. One of the methods used to control golden snail pests is the use of botanical pesticides. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of L. Camara and A. Indica extracts as botanical pesticides to control the golden snail. The stages of research activities consisted of : extractionusing the maceration method; phytochemical screening; application of N-Hexane extract from tembelekan leaves and neem leaves; Observation of the golden snail mortality. The experimental method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with nine treatments and three replications. Observations were made every 6 hours for 48 hours. Analysis of mortality data using ANOVA and DMRT follow-up test. The results showed that the secondary metabolite compounds from tembelekan and neem extracts that act as botanical pesticides are flavonoids, alkaloids, and triterpenoids. The most effective treatment in controlling the golden snail was the E3 treatment with a combination of 15% tembelekan n-hexane extract and 15% neem n-hexane extract achieving a 100% mortality percentage at 36 hours. Based on the analysis, it is known that the treatment of tembelekan and neem leaf extracts had a significant effect on golden snail mortality with Fcount (3.22) > Ftable (2.51).ABSTRAK Keong mas merupakan salah satu hama potensial terhadap kegagalan pertanian di Indonesia. Salah satu cara yang digunakan untuk mengendalikan hama keong mas yaitu menggunakan pestisida nabati. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak L. Camara dan A. Indica sebagai pestisida nabati untuk mengendalikan keong mas. Tahapan kegiatan penelitian terdiri dari: esktraksi dengan metode maserasi; skrining fitokimia; pengaplikasian ekstrak N-Heksana daun tembelekan dan daun mimba; pengamatan mortalitas keong mas. Metode eksperimen dengan rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan sembilan perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 6 jam selama 48 jam. Analisis data mortalitas dengan menggunakan ANOVA dan uji lanjut DMRT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa golongan senyawa metabolit sekunder dari ekstrak tembelekan dan mimba yang berperan sebagai pestisida nabati yaitu flavonoid, alkaloid, dan triterpenoid. Perlakuan yang paling efektif dalam mengendalikan keong mas yaitu pada perlakuan E3 dengan kombinasi ekstrak n-heksana tembelekan 15% dan ekstrak n-heksana mimba 15%. Berdasarkan analisisnya, diketahui bahwa perlakuan ekstrak daun tembelekan dan mimba tersebut memiliki pengaruh nyata terhadap mortalitas keong mas dengan Fhitung (3,22)>Ftabel (2,51)

Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs) Technology for The Production of Electrical Energy from Kepok Banana Stem

Bioelectrochemical Systems (BES) technology is a method for generating electric energy using bacteria as catalysts. The electricity is produced by Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs), which represent the latest development in biological energy research. This study utilized substrates from banana stems and the bacterium Pseudomonas sp. The research aims to assess the potential of banana stems as a substrate in the MFC system and to determine the effects of adding a combination of an electrolyte solution and an appropriate buffering material to achieve maximum current, potential difference, and power density values. The results showed that the maximum current and potential difference achieved were 1.05 mA and 0.62 V, respectively, with a power density value of 446 mW/m². When combining the KMnO4 electrolyte solution with sodium phosphate buffer, a potential difference of 0.76 V and a current of 1.75 mA were obtained, resulting in a power density value of 911 mW/m². By using the K3[Fe(CN)6] electrolyte solution buffer with potassium phosphate buffer, a current of 1.14 mA was produced, and the power density value reached 406 mW/m²

Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Hidroksiapatit Dari Tulang Ikan Tuna (Thunnus Albacores) Dengan Xrf, Ftir, Dan Xrd

Hydroxyapatite (Hap) were inorganic compounds with constituent of bones and teeth has the molecular formula Ca5(PO4)3OH. Synthesis of hydroxyapatite can be done with  hydrothermal method  with calcium precursors tuna fish bone calcination process to obtain calcium compounds in the form   of calcium oxide. Calsium wich has been obtained added  phosphate precursor NH4H2PO4 0.547 M. On research conducted long stirring time variation and its effect on rendement and the resulting crystallites products. As for the variation of the long time of stirring used are 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours. The optimum time of formation of hydroxyapatite obtained within 3 hours stirring from which content was 96.4156%. The material was analyzed by FTIR,XRF and XRD. Results showed their characterization by FTIR indicated the presence of OH groups,PO4  and CO3.  Based on the resulting diffraction of  XRF and XRD analysis, crystallite size obtained each of 41,9753  within 2 hours of stirring structure was hexagonal

Identifikasi Isolat Bakteri Termofilik dari Sumber Air Panas Lejja, Kabupaten Soppeng

Identification of bacterial isolates local termofilik at hot springs is the first step of a series of studies of the exploration and utilization of indigenous bacteria an area. This research aims to know the bacterial isolate bacteria from the genus termofilik in the hot springs at Soppeng Lejja and know the optimum incubation time and temperature on the growth of bacterial isolates termofilik from hot springs, Soppeng Regency Lejja. The methods used in the study include the creation of media, rejuvenation, the identification of isolates of bacteria. Bacterial identification to genus level based on Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology are done with different test, namely: gram staining test, oxidation test, fermentation test, carbohydrates test, SIM test, TSIA test, Mr/Vp test,  citrat test and urea test. The results showed that bacterial isolates identified as termofilik in the genus Pseudomonas sp, which is a gram-negative, rod-shaped cells against oxidation test, positive, negative and red metyl test against a test fermentation. indol, motility, citrate, urea and the production of H2S

PMP Penerapan Teknologi Tepat Guna Irigasi Sprinkler Berbasis IoT dalam Upaya Peningkatan Produksi di KWT Seruni Kelurahan Buntusu Kec. Tamalanrea Kota Makassar

The Seruni Women's Farmers Group (KWT) whose address is at Bumi Tamalanrea Permai Housing Block G, Buntusu Village, Tamalanrea District, Makassar City was formed on March 12 2013, this KWT is chaired by Hj. Hartinawati, assisted by A. Emilda as Secretary and Hj. Zaenab as treasurer and 27 other members were formed from the Food Security program with the aim of realizing food self-sufficiency. This KWT utilizes empty land which is a public facility (Field) in the BTP Bloh H housing complex. Seruni KWT focuses on horticultural plants, especially vegetables, considering that the planting area is not very large, only using a green house. ccording to the results of an interview with the chairman of KWT Hj. Hartinawati said that Seruni KWT is urban farming in nature because it is located in the middle of an urban settlement and consists of housewives who have other routines so it has not been managed optimally. The main problem is related to production, namely the cultivation aspect in terms of maintenance, the lack of personnel in charge of carrying out maintenance, especially watering. The solution offered to overcome partner problems related to sustainable maintenance is the creation of IoT-based sprinkler irrigation for watering with the aim of making efficient use of water, time and labor. The approach method for solving the problem is the delivery of theoretical material regarding the use of IoT-based sprinkler irrigation, and marketing techniques. and continued with a demonstration and practice of designing an IoT-based sprinkler irrigation system carried out by KWT members. The expected target of this activity is: partners can increase their farming results and become a pilot project for urban fa rming activities. Keywords : Sprinkler, Farming, KWT, Io

PRODUKSI BIOETANOL DARI JERAMI PADI (Oryza sativa L.) dan KULIT POHON DAO (Dracontamelon) MELALUI PROSES SAKARIFIKASI DAN FERMENTASI SERENTAK (SFS)

Bioetanol merupakan energi alternatif yang dapat diproduksi dari biomassa seperti jerami padi dan biomassa berlignoselulosa. Biomassa  lignoselulosa  tersedia terus menerus dalam jumlah yang banyak, tetapi hanya dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ternak, dan kadang-kadang sisanya dibakar. Jerami padi dan pohon dao memiliki komponen selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar glukosa yang dihasilkan  melalui proses hidrolisis jerami padi dan pohon dao menggunakan enzim selulase serta menentukan kadar etanol yang dihasilkan dari proses fermentasi glukosa menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proses sakarifikasi dan fermentasi serentak (SFS) dilakukan dalam reaktor yang sama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fermentasi selama 3, 5, 7 dan 9 hari dihasilkan kadar dan konsentrasi bioetanol yang berbeda. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan kadar glukosa jerami padi adalah 105 mg/L dan dari  kulit pohon dao  sebanyak 216 mg/L.Volume bioetanol tertinggi pada hari ke-7 dengan tingkat kemurnian tertinggi pada pohon dao 0,97% pada jerami padi dengan 0,24%

ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI KHAMIR PADA LARVA Cossus Cossus PENGHASIL SELULASE

Larva Cossus cossus adalah serangga ordo Lepidoptera yang hidup di pohon Menteng (Baccaurea racemosa) dari desa Lejja Soppeng. Larva dapat menghasilkan selulase untuk menghidrolisis selulosa menjadi gula sederhana (glukosa) dengan memutuskan ikatan 1,4-glikosidik dalam selulosa. Selulase tekstil digunakan dalam industri, deterjen, makan, dan kertas yang dapat diproduksi oleh mikroba seperti selulolitik ragi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jenis isolat khamir dan bakteri serta aktivitas selulase simbion khamir larva Cossus cossus. Tahapan penelitian meliputi isolasi dan pemurnian khamir; Identifikasi khamir dan uji aktivitas selulase dilakukan setengah kuantitatif (uji yodium dan uji Congo Red) dan uji kuantitatif dengan metode asam dinitrosalisilat (DNS) diukur dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 3 isolat bakteri dan 3 isolat jamur yang bersimbiosis dengan larva Cossus cossus. Isolat dari bakteri Acinotobacter, Pseudomonas dan Bacillus. Isolat dari jamur diidentifikasi secara molekuler diidentifikasi isolat memiliki kesamaan DNA 94% sebagai Paphiopedilum concalor dan kesamaan 90% sebagai strain Cyberlindnera Jadinii

Modifikasi Biodiesel Melalui Reaksi Oksidasi Menggunakan Gelombang Ultrasonik

Biodiesel is an alternative energy fuel that is sustainable and environmentally safe. However, biodiesel has a higher cloud point than fuel diesel because it contains several saturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic and linolenic acid so that biodiesel tend to solidify at a temperature higher than the freezing point of diesel. This study aims to modify biodiesel from candlenut oil (Aleurites moluccana) through oxidation reaction by KMnO4 using ultrasonic equipment. The products obtained were analyzed using FTIR and GCMS instrument. FTIR analysis showed that spectral data of the four modified samples which run in 20, 30, 40 and 50 minutes practically similar. The methyl ester products are characterized by typical bands at specific frequencies such as stretch of C = O; C-C; C-H (sp3) and = C-H (sp2). Fragmentation patterns by GCMS showed that the oxidation reaction in 20, 30, 40 and 50 minutes did not undergo bond disconnection. The components produced is methyl palmitate, methyl linoleate, methyl oleate, heksadekanoat acid, 9, 12 and 9,17oktadekadienal oktadekadienoat acid