Recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 and platelet-derived growth factor-BB for localized bone regeneration. Histologic and radiographic outcomes of a rabbit study

OBJECTIVES: Improvement in localized bone regeneration is needed to avoid the use of autogenous tissue. For that purpose, the use biologic mediators was proposed. The aim was to test whether or not one of two biologic mediators, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) or recombinant platelet-derived growth factor (rhPDGF-BB), is superior to the other and to control groups for localized bone regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four cylinders (height: 5 mm; diameter: 7 mm) were screwed on the parietal and frontal bones at the cranium in 12 rabbits. The cylinders either received (i) deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) mixed rhBMP-2 (DBBM/BMP-2), (ii) DBBM mixed with rhPDGF-BB (DBBM/PDGF), (iii) DBBM (DBBM), and (iv) empty control (control). Rabbits were euthanized at 2 and 8 weeks (n = 6, respectively). Conventional histomorphometric and micro-CT analyses were performed. Parametric linear mixed models were applied for the analyses with Bonferroni correction for the multiple group comparisons. RESULTS: The area of bone regeneration (histology; AAHisto ) at 2 weeks peaked for DBBM (41.91%) with statistically significantly greater values compared to DBBM/PDGF and the control group (P < 0.05). At 8 weeks, mean AAHisto values were 96.29% (DBBM/BMP-2), 46.37% (DBBM/PDFG), 39.66% (DBBM), and 35.98% (control) (DBBM/BMP-2 vs. all groups (P < 0.05)). At 8 weeks, bone regeneration was greatest for DBBM/BMP-2 (35.62%) with statistically significant differences compared to all other groups (P < 0.05). The area of bone regeneration (micro-CT; AAm-CT ) at 2 weeks amounted to 43.87% (DBBM/BMP-2), 42.81% (DBBM/PDFG), 48.71% (DBBM), and 0.96% (control). The control group demonstrated statistically significantly less AAm-CT compared to all groups (P < 0.05). At 8 weeks, mean AAm-CT values were 63.65% (DBBM/BMP-2), 50.21% (DBBM/PDFG), 44.81% (DBBM), and 4.57% (control) (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of rhBMP-2 significantly enhanced bone regeneration compared to all other groups including the group with rhPDGF-BB

Efeito da radiação gama em melão fresco minimamente processado

Beja – Portugal, Março de 2007EncontroOs produtos hortofrutícolas estão frequentemente em contacto com o solo, insectos, animais e seres humanos não só durante o desenvolvimento e colheita como por vezes na indústria de processamento. Por essas razões as camadas superfíciais dos produtos podem estar expostas a contaminantes naturais, chegando a atingir 104 a 106 microrganismos por grama. Embora as bactérias saprófitas, os bolores e as leveduras sejam a flora dominante, os microrganismos patogénicos também podem estar presentes. Nos últimos anos tem havido um aumento de surtos de toxi-infecções associados ao consumo de frutos e vegetais crus. Surtos de toxi-infecções provocados por Salmonella (Chester, Poona e Enteritidis), Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella, Campylobacter spp. e virus Norwalk têm sido associados ao consumo de melão. Os frutos submetidos ao processamento mínimo são mais perecíveis do que os produtos intactos donde provêm, pois o corte aumenta a deterioração microbiana, pela transferência de microrganismos do exterior para o interior, sendo a lavagem dos frutos inteiros com água clorada aplicada para reduzir a contaminação, contudo esta redução pode não ser suficiente. Assim, a irradiação é um processo alternativo, que pode ser aplicado, após a embalagem final do produto, evitando recontaminações. O objectivo deste trabalho foi a avaliação do efeito da irradiação gama na descontaminação do melão (Cucumis melo L. cv. Piel de Sapo) minimamente processado, para aumentar o tempo de vida útil. O melão inteiro foi lavado com água clorada a 125 ppm, descascado, cortado em cubos, colocado em caixas de Nutrip-PS (polistireno) e seguidamente embalado em filme polimérico (PE) com aplicação de atmosfera modificada passiva. As amostras foram submetidas a radiação gama, com doses de 0,5 e 1 kGy. Foram avaliados parâmetros microbiológicos, físico-químicos e sensoriais ao longo do período de conservação (11 dias). Os resultados evidenciam que a irradiação provocou uma redução de 1,5 log na carga microbiana, sem alteração da qualidade organoléptica do produtoDTPA, Estação Agronómica Nacional - INIAP, Quinta do Marquês, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear, E.N. 10, 2696 Sacavém, Portugal Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, UTL, Lisboa, Portuga

An ex-post view of inequality of opportunity in France and its regions

This paper proposes an ex-post measure of inequality of opportunity in France and its regions by assessing the inequality between individuals exerting the same effort. To this end, we define a fair income that fulfils ex-post equality of opportunity requirements. Unfairness is measured by an unfair Gini based on the distance between the actual income and the fair income. Our findings reveal that the measures of ex-post inequality of opportunity largely vary across regions, and that this is due to di_erences in reward schemes and in the impact of the non responsibility factors of income. We find that most regions have actual incomes closer to fair incomes than to average income, excepted Ile de France where the actual income looks poorly related to effort variables. Finally, we find that income inequality and inequality of opportunity are positively correlated among regions

Centesimal composition and physical-chemistry analysis of the edible mushroom Lentinus strigosus occurring in the Brazilian Amazon

The centesimal composition and the physical and chemical analyses of Lentinus strigosus, an edible mushroom occurring in the Brazilian Amazon and produced in alternative substrates based on wood and agroindustrial residues, were evaluated. For this purpose, the C, N, pH, soluble solids, water activity, protein, lipids, total fiber, ash, carbohydrate, and energy levels were determined. The substrates were formulated from Simarouba amara Aubl. marupá"), Ochroma piramidale Cav. Ex. Lam. pau-de-balsa") and Anacardium giganteum cajuí") sawdust and Bactris gasipaes Kunth pupunheira") stipe and Saccharum officinarum (sugar cane bagasse). The results indicated that the nutritional composition of L. strigosus varied with the substrate of cultivation; the protein levels found in mushrooms grown in the different substrates (18 –21.5%) varied with the substrate and was considered high; the soluble solids present in the mushrooms could have a relation with complex B hydrosoluble vitamins. L. strigosus could be considered as important food owing to its nutritional characteristics such as high protein content, metabolizable carbohydrates and fibers, and low lipids and calories content.Avaliou-se a composição centesimal e análise físico-química do Lentinus strigosus, um cogumelo comestível de ocorrência na Amazônia brasileira, produzidos em substratos alternativos à base de resíduos madeireiros e agroindustriais. Com este objetivo, determinou-se C, N, pH, sólidos solúveis, atividade de água, proteína, lipídios, fibra total, cinzas, carboidratos e energia. Os substratos foram formulados a partir de serragem de Simarouba amara Aubl. (marupá), Ochroma piramidale Cav. ex. Lam. (pau-de-balsa) e Anacardium giganteum (cajuí); e do estipe de Bactris gasipaes Kunth (pupunheira) e de Saccharum officinarum (cana-de-açúcar). Os resultados demonstraram que: a composição nutricional do L. strigosus variou com o substrato de cultivo; os valores de proteína encontrados nos cogumelos cultivados nos diferentes substratos (18 - 21,5%) variaram de acordo com o substrato, sendo considerados elevados; os sólidos solúveis presentes nos cogumelos podem ter relação com vitaminas hidrossolúveis do complexo B; o L. strigosus pode ser considerado um importante alimento devido suas características nutricionais: alto teor de proteína, carboidratos metabolizáveis e fibras; baixos teores de lipídios e de calorias

Contour changes of peri-implant tissues are minimal and similar for a one- and a two-piece implant system over 12 years

OBJECTIVES: To assess contour changes of peri-implant tissues comparing a one- and a two-piece dental implant system over 12 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients seeking implant therapy were enrolled and randomly allocated to receive implants (a one-piece (STM) or a two-piece (BRA) system). Impressions were taken at the time of insertion of the final reconstruction (BL), after 1 year (FU-1), 5 years (FU-5), and at 12 years (FU-12). Thirty patients were included in the analysis (STM, 16; BRA, 14). Digital scans of casts were superimposed and analyzed in an image analysis program. Measurements included changes of the crown height, contour changes on the buccal side of the implants and the contralateral teeth (control). RESULTS: Contour changes at implant sites revealed a loss of - 0.29 mm (STM) and - 0.46 mm (BRA) during an observation period of 12 years. Contour changes at the corresponding tooth sites amounted to - 0.06 mm (STM) and - 0.12 mm (BRA) during the same time period. The implant crown gained 0.25 mm (STM) and 0.08 mm (BRA) in height due to recession of the marginal mucosa. The corresponding gain in crown height at the contralateral tooth sites amounted to 0.36 mm (STM) and 0.10 mm (BRA). Interproximal marginal bone level changes measured - 0.28 mm (STM) and - 1.11 mm (BRA). The mean BOP amounted to 38.8% (STM) and 48.7% (BRA) at the 12-year follow-up (FU-12). CONCLUSION: Minimal changes of the peri-implant soft tissue contour were observed at implant sites over the period of 12 years irrespective of the use of a one- or a two-piece implant system. The differences between the implant sites and corresponding teeth were clinically negligible. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Peri-implant soft tissue stability is of high clinical relevance when monitoring dental implant sites on the long run. Clinical data on the extent of soft tissue changes around different implant systems are scarce. The present RCTs demonstrate minimal changes of the peri-implant soft tissue contour 12 years after implant insertion independent of the use of a one- or a two-piece implant system

The positive effect of tenting screws for primary horizontal guided bone regeneration: A retrospective study based on cone‐beam computed tomography data

Objectives: To radiographically evaluate the effect of the adjunctive use of tenting screws (TS) for primary horizontal guided bone regeneration (GBR). Materials & methods: Twenty-eight patients in need of staged bone augmentation were consecutively treated in a private practice. A xenogenic particulate bone substitute material (DBBM) and a resorbable collagen membrane were used in all patients. Subjects were divided into two groups: control (conventional GBR; n = 22) and test (tenting screws in conjunction with GBR - TS; n = 22). CBCT images were obtained before augmentation and after 6-8 months. CBCTs were superimposed, and linear horizontal measurements were performed. Alveolar ridge width (RW) and ridge width change (RWchange) were assessed at 1, 3, 5, and 7 mm below the bone crest. Results: Forty-four sites in 28 patients were evaluated. No differences between the groups were detected for RW at baseline (TS: 5.87 ± 2.41; control: 5.36 ± 1.65). Regarding RWchange, TS promoted an additional effect at 1 and 3 mm below the crest compared to control (p < .05; RWchange-1 TS: 3.72 ± 2.46; control: 1.25 ± 3.05; RWchange-3 TS: 3.98 ± 2.53; control: 2.50 ± 2.02). The final RW was greater in group TS compared to the control group at the 1, 3, and 5 mm level (p < .05). Conclusions: The use of tenting screws exerted a positive effect on staged GBR with a greater final RW at the 3 mm level. In addition, GBR in conjunction with TS was able to provide consistent bone augmentation at lingual/palatal sites. Keywords: alveolar ridge augmentation; bone regeneration; cone-beam computed tomography; dental implants

Deproteinized bovine bone mineral is non-inferior to deproteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen in maintaining the soft tissue contour post-extraction: A randomised trial

OBJECTIVES To test the non-inferiority of demineralized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) compared to demineralized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen (DBBM-C) for the maintenance of the soft tissue contour after tooth extraction in the esthetic zone. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-five patients randomly received ridge preservation at a single site in the anterior maxilla with DBBM or DBBM-C. Both, DBBM and DBBM-C were covered with a collagen matrix. Profilometric analyses were performed at baseline (BL), immediately after treatment (PO) and at 4 months (FU; day of implant placement). The main outcome was the horizontal mean change (HC) at the buccal aspect. The measurements also included changes of the estimated soft tissue thickness (eTT) at 1mm, 3mm and 5mm below the buccal gingival margin. Descriptive analysis was performed and differences between groups were analyzed using independent samples t-test. The non-inferiority test was performed for HC. RESULTS At 4 months, the horizontal mean change (HC) was -1.43mm (±0.53mm) (DBBM-C) and -1.32mm (±0.53mm) (DBBM). Change of the estimated soft tissue thickness (eTT) between baseline (BL) and four months of follow-up (FU) at 1mm, 3mm and 5mm amounted to -4.58mm (±2.02mm), -2.40mm (±0.97mm) and -1.37mm (±0.78mm) for DBBM-C and to -4.12mm (±1.80mm), -2.09mm (±0.91mm) and -1.23mm (±0.72mm) for DBBM. The differences between the groups were not statistically significantly for any of the outcome measures (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS DBBM is non-inferior to DBBM-C for the maintenance of the soft tissue contour 4 months after tooth extraction

Effect of flapless ridge preservation with two different alloplastic materials in sockets with buccal dehiscence defects—volumetric and linear changes

Objective To test whether or not one out of two alloplastic materials used for ridge preservation (RP) is superior to the other in terms of volumetric and linear ridge changes over time. Materials and methods In 16 adult beagle dogs, the distal roots of P3 and P4 were extracted and 50% of the buccal bone plate removed. Ridge preservation was performed randomly using two different alloplastic bone grafting substitutes (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) coated biphasic calcium phosphate particles consisting of 60% hydroxyapatite (HA) and 40% beta-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP=test 1), (a biphasic calcium phosphate consisting 60% HA and 40% ß-TCP=test 2) and a resorbable collagen membrane or a control group (sham). Sacrifice was performed at three time-points (4, 8, 16 weeks later). Impressions were taken before extraction, after RP, and at sacrifice, allowing for assessment of volumetric changes. A multi-way ANOVAwas computed, and partial Type-II F tests were performed. Results Both ridge preservation procedures minimized the volume loss compared to spontaneous healing. The median buccal volume changes between pre-extraction and sacrifice were − 1.76 mm (Q1 = − 2.56; Q3 = − 1.42) for test 1, − 1.62 mm (Q1 = − 2.06; Q3 = − 1.38) for test 2, and − 2.42 mm (Q1 = − 2.63; Q3 = − 2.03) for control. The mean ridge width measurements did not show statistically significant differences between test 1 (− 2.51 mm; Q1 = − 3.25; Q3 = − 1.70) and test 2 (− 2.04 mm; Q1 = − 3.82; Q3 = − 1.81) (p = 0.813), but between test and control (− 3.85 mm; Q1 = − 5.02; Q3 = − 3.27) (p =0.003). Conclusions Both RP techniques were successful in maintaining the buccal contour from pre-extraction to sacrifice to a similar extent and more favorable compared to spontaneous healing. Clinical relevance Alloplastic materials can successfully be used for RP procedures. © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2017