What does not kill you makes you stronger: surviving anti-cancer therapies by cytoskeletal remodeling and Myosin II reactivation.

Myosin II and its regulator Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) are essential for cell invasion and metastatic dissemination. Our recent findings show that this molecular machinery is also involved in drug resistance in melanoma by playing a dual role: protection of tumor cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage (intrinsic), and co-option of myeloid and lymphoid populations to establish immunosuppression (extrinsic).post-print1758 K

Hans Kelsen and the Unity of Law: From Kantian Premises to Imagined Fiction

La unidad del derecho en la obra de Hans Kelsen, desde la primera vinculación a la metodología kantiana hasta su metamorfosis por el abandono de los principios lógicos en el derecho positivo, ya no nos parece segura. Para comprobarlo se presentan los elementos básicos de su ciencia jurídica: de un lado, las premisas neokantianas; de otro, una descripción positivista del derecho. La difícil relación entre ambos postula-dos acaba siendo insostenible y todo el edificio de la unidad Derecho = Estado termina por derrumbarse. El sistema escalonado de normas (supra e infra-ordenadas, hasta llegar a la Constitución jurídico-positiva), con la Grundnorm como Constitución lógico-jurídica que valida toda la unidad del Derecho (ordenación jerarquizada, coherente y plena), no se rechaza, pero cambia su fundamento último: de hipótesis lógica(norma presupuesta) a ficción imaginada(contradictoria con la realidad y consigo misma). La función esencial de la Norma Básica sigue siendo la fundamentación de la validez de todas las normas que forman el orden jurídico, pero modifica su naturaleza y se convierte en la ficción que necesitan, tanto los juristas como los destinatarios de las normas, para interpretar –dentro un sistema coercitivo y en términos generales efectivo– los mandatos subjetivos como si fueran normas objetivas/válidas. Y cuando las normas positivas sólo pueden ser fundamentadas por los actos de voluntad de los individuos que las crean, la unificación entre ordenación estatal y derecho internacional, junto con la nueva reconstrucción de la democracia–desde la participación de todos los ciudadanos que se hayan sometidos a un sistema jurídico positivo–serán los nuevos ejes para reformular una ciencia del derecho que ya no puede neutralizar el poder, ni confundir la mera legalidad con la legitimidad del sistema.The unity of law in the work of Hans Kelsen, from his first Kantian methodology to his metamorphosis through the abandoning of the logical principles in positive law, no longer seems so certain. In order to test this thesis the basic elements of his legal science are presented: on the one hand, the neo-Kantian premises; on the other, a positivist description of law. The difficult relationship between these two elements are finally unsustainable and all building of the unity Law = State eventually collapse. The tiered system of norms (super-ordinate and sub-ordinate norms, whose highest level is the Constitution in positive-legal sense), with the Grundnormas Constitution in the transcendental-logical sense that validates the whole unity of law (hierarchical, coherent and total order), is not rejected, but changes its final foundation: from logical hypothesis(presupposed norm) to imagined fiction(not only contradicting reality but also within itself). The essential function of the Basic Norm is still the grounding of the validity of all the norms forming the juridical order, but it changes its nature and becomes the fiction they need, both jurists and addressees of the rules, to interpret – within a by and large effective coercive system– the subjective commands as if they were objective valid norms. And when the positive normscan only be founded by acts of will of the individuals who create them, the unification between state order and international law, together with the new reconstruction of democracy – from the participationof all the citizens who have been submitted to a positive-legal system– will be the new lines to reformulate a juridical science that no longer can neutralize the power, nor confuse the mere legality with the legitimacy of the system.Fac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaTRUEpu

Democracia finalista y defensa de la Constitución Española : finalist democracy and defence of the Spanish Constitution

La doctrina del Tribunal constitucional rechaza, para nuestro ordenamiento jurídico, el concepto de «democracia militante » y predica un procedimiento de reforma de la Constitución no sujeto a ningún límite material. Con ello el Estado constitucional y democrático se coloca ante uno de sus más peligrosos dilemas: modelo meramente formal o democracia axiológica y finalista. Sin embargo, la interpretación sistemática y teleológica de la Constitución puede permitir una mejor defensa de la ciudadanía y de su democracia.The jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court in Spanish Juridical Order rejects the concept of «militant democracy» and presents a procedure of constitutional reform without any material limit. A dangerous dilemma exists for the Constitutional Democratic State; a choice between a merely formal model and an axiological finalist democracy. However, a systematic and teleological interpretation of the Constitution could improve the defence of citizenship and democracy

Short-term variability of comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) at 4.8 AU from the Sun

We observed comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) during six nights in February 2013 when it was at 4.8 AU from the sun. At this distance and time the comet was not very active and it was theoretically possible to detect photometric variations likely due to the rotation of the cometary nucleus. The goal of this work is to obtain differential photometry of the comet inner coma using different aperture radii in order to derive a possible rotational period. Large field of view images were obtained with a 4k x 4k CCD at the f/3 0.77m telescope of La Hita Observatory in Spain. Aperture photometry was performed in order to get relative magnitude variation versus time. Using calibrated star fields we also obtained ISON's R-magnitudes versus time. We applied a Lomb-Scargle periodogram analysis to get possible periodicities for the observed brightness variations, directly related with the rotation of the cometary nucleus. The comet light curve obtained is very shallow, with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.03 $\pm$ 0.02 mag. A tentative synodic rotational period (single-peaked) of 14.4 $\pm$ 1.2 hours for ISON's nucleus is obtained from our analysis, but there are other possibilities. We studied the possible effect of the seeing variations in the obtained periodicities during the same night, and from night to night. These seeing variations had no effect on the derived periodicity. We discuss and interpret all possible solutions for the rotational period of ISON's nucleus.Comment: 15 pages, 3 Figures, 2 Tables, accepted for publication in A&

Chlorophyll content variability in different sugarbeet crop cultivars

Measurement of chlorophyll content with portable meters is an easy way to quantify crop nutrient status, but meter readings are affected by different factors (Martinez and Guiamet, 2004), among which cultivar plays an important role (Chapman and Barreto, 1997). The aim of this work was to study the effect of crop cultivar on chlorophyll readings and to study the relationship of chlorophyll content with yield, quality and other eco-physiological and biochemical parameter

Nitrogen fertilization effect on sugarbeet crop yield and quality

Nitrogen is an essential element in sugarbeet crop growth and yield. However, overfertilization may increase input costs and reduce root quality and sugar production efficiency (Gordo, 2003). Moreover, excess nitrogen causes environmental impacts, so an improved N management is essential to achieve crop sustainability. The aim of this work was to study the effect of nitrogen fertilization on sugarbeet crop yield and quality in the North cultivation zone of Spain

El espacio rural en una sociedad urbana: valoración ambiental y paisajística.

Sin resume

Nitrogen fertilization effect on sugarbeet crop growth and radiation interception

Nitrogen is an essential element in crop growth, yield and quality, while, an improved N management must reduce potential environmental impact. Crop yield is highly correlated with the amount of solar radiation intercepted by the canopy during crop growth cycle, so foliage development is important for growth and yield (Malnou et al., 2006). The aim of this work is to study the effect of nitrogen fertilization on sugarbeet crop growth and radiation use efficiency and interception in a temperate cultivation zone

Syntheses and biological activities of 1,4-iminoalditol derivatives as α-L-fucosidase inhibitors

A review dealing with 1,4-iminoalditol (hydroxylated pyrrolidine) derivatives as inhibitors of α-l-fucosidases including the different synthetic approaches for their preparation as well as their inhibitory properties is presented