Simulación de fallo a fatiga en distintos elementos de máquina

El siguiente trabajo se plantea como una continuación de una línea de innovación docente llevada a cabo en el área de Ingeniería Mecánica de la EII–UVa en la cual se quiere incluir un contenido más práctico y visual, con ayuda de la simulación, en las asignaturas relacionadas con el Diseño de Máquinas, desde el punto de vista de su comportamiento mecánico. Hasta la fecha, mediante proyectos anteriores, ya se ha elaborado material para el caso de fallo estático, con buenos resultados, mediante el software CATIA, pero no se ha podido abarcar el caso de fallo a fatiga. En este proyecto, se explora la posibilidad de encontrar un software de simulación capaz de realizar análisis de fallo a fatiga, que sea adecuado para los estudiantes. Además, se realizarán modelos de ejemplo y una sencilla guía de usuario para facilitar y promover el uso del programa.Departamento de Ciencias de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica, Expresión Gráfica en la Ingeniería, Ingeniería Cartográfica, Geodesia y Fotogrametría, Ingeniería Mecánica e Ingeniería de los Procesos de FabricaciónGrado en Ingeniería Mecánic

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Paclitaxel-Induced Epidermal Alterations: An In Vitro Preclinical Assessment in Primary Keratinocytes and in a 3D Epidermis Model

Paclitaxel is a microtubule-stabilizing chemotherapeutic agent approved for the treatment of ovarian, non-small cell lung, head, neck, and breast cancers. Despite its beneficial effects on cancer and widespread use, paclitaxel also damages healthy tissues, including the skin. However, the mechanisms that drive these skin adverse events are not clearly understood. In the present study, we demonstrated, by using both primary epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and a 3D epidermis model, that paclitaxel impairs different cellular processes: paclitaxel increased the release of IL-1α, IL-6, and IL-8 inflammatory cytokines, produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and apoptosis, and reduced the endothelial tube formation in the dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC). Some of the mechanisms driving these adverse skin events in vitro are mediated by the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), which phosphorylate transcription of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κb). This is the first study analyzing paclitaxel effects on healthy human epidermal cells with an epidermis 3D model, and will help in understanding paclitaxel’s effects on the skin.Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI20/01363)Gobierno de España, CIBERES (CB06/06/0027)Generalitat Valenciana, Prometeo (2017/023/UV)5.924 JCR (2020) Q1, 67/265 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology1.455 SJR (2020) Q1, 62/2196 Computer Science ApplicationsNo data IDR (2020)UE

Paclitaxel Induces Epidermal Molecular Changes and Produces Subclinical Alterations in the Skin of Gynecological Cancer Patients

Skin toxicity is one of paclitaxel’s adverse effects. However, its real impact on the skin could be underestimated as these alterations can also appear asymptomatic. We have observed that paclitaxel modifies gene and protein expression of skin markers in a 3D epidermis model, and impairs physical, physiological, and biomechanical properties of the skin in gynecologic cancer patients. These subclinical alterations might be avoided by using prophylactic measures during treatment to prevent possible future adverse reactions.Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI20/01363)Gobierno de España, CIBERES (CB06/06/0027)Generalitat Valenciana, Prometeo (2017/023/UV)6.639 JCR (2020) Q1, 51/242 Oncology1.818 SJR (2020) Q1, 63/354 OncologyNo data IDR (2020)UE

COVID-19 in hospitalized HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients : A matched study

CatedresObjectives: We compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 with [people with HIV (PWH)] and without (non-PWH) HIV co-infection in Spain during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective matched cohort study. People with HIV were identified by reviewing clinical records and laboratory registries of 10 922 patients in active-follow-up within the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) up to 30 June 2020. Each hospitalized PWH was matched with five non-PWH of the same age and sex randomly selected from COVID-19@Spain, a multicentre cohort of 4035 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. The main outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results: Forty-five PWH with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were identified in CoRIS, 21 of whom were hospitalized. A total of 105 age/sex-matched controls were selected from the COVID-19@Spain cohort. The median age in both groups was 53 (Q1-Q3, 46-56) years, and 90.5% were men. In PWH, 19.1% were injecting drug users, 95.2% were on antiretroviral therapy, 94.4% had HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL, and the median (Q1-Q3) CD4 count was 595 (349-798) cells/μL. No statistically significant differences were found between PWH and non-PWH in number of comorbidities, presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory parameters, radiology findings and severity scores on admission. Corticosteroids were administered to 33.3% and 27.4% of PWH and non-PWH, respectively (P = 0.580). Deaths during admission were documented in two (9.5%) PWH and 12 (11.4%) non-PWH (P = 0.800). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that well-controlled HIV infection does not modify the clinical presentation or worsen clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalization

Discovering HIV related information by means of association rules and machine learning

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the main health problems worldwide. It is therefore essential to keep making progress in improving the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. One way to advance along this pathway is to uncover connections between other disorders associated with HIV/AIDS-so that they can be anticipated and possibly mitigated. We propose to achieve this by using Association Rules (ARs). They allow us to represent the dependencies between a number of diseases and other specific diseases. However, classical techniques systematically generate every AR meeting some minimal conditions on data frequency, hence generating a vast amount of uninteresting ARs, which need to be filtered out. The lack of manually annotated ARs has favored unsupervised filtering, even though they produce limited results. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised system, able to identify relevant ARs among HIV-related diseases with a minimal amount of annotated training data. Our system has been able to extract a good number of relationships between HIV-related diseases that have been previously detected in the literature but are scattered and are often little known. Furthermore, a number of plausible new relationships have shown up which deserve further investigation by qualified medical experts

V Premio Nacional de Educación para el Desarrollo “Vicente Ferrer” 2014 : buenas prácticas

Ed. especial 25 aniversario de la AECIDTít. de la cubierta: V Premio Nacional de Educación Para el Desarrollo "Vicente Ferrer"La AECID junto con el Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte convoca anualmente los premios de educación para el desarrollo que están dirigidos a todos los centros docentes españoles sostenidos con fondos públicos que impartan educación infantil, educación primaria, educación secundaria obligatoria, bachillerato y formación profesional. Se recogen las buenas prácticas de los docentes premiados en esta sexta edición. Docentes que en el ejercicio de su función educadora han convertido el proceso educativo en un proceso dinámico e interactivo que permite al alumnado desarrollar un conocimiento crítico de nuestro mundo. Profesores y profesoras que han estimulado la participación del alumnado en la construcción de estructuras sociales más justas y solidarias, y han promovido actuaciones basadas en el principio de la corresponsabilidad de todos los actores implicados. El premio reconoce el esfuerzo realizado por centros educativos que establecen y creen en un modelo educativo que propone resaltar el papel de las personas y generar conciencias de carácter global que permitan al alumnado ser pieza clave de la ciudadanía del futuro, con un dinamismo que afronte las nuevas realidades desde una perspectiva más humana y responsable con el territorio en el que se ubican.ES