The Influence of Teaching Styles in Physical Education for a Healthy Lifestyle: Physical Activity and Physical Condition

Increased Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) and reduced Sedentary Time (ST) are key factors for a healthy lifestyle during childhood and adolescence. Studies have suggested that schools may be effective resources to promote healthy habits (McKenzie, & Lounsbery, 2013). Therefore, in Physical Education (PE), is important to assess how teachers use strategies and provide students tools to engage in Physical Activity (PA) (Lonsdale, et al., 2013). Many factors may be involved in the successful PE class to promote healthy out-school behaviors, as Teaching Styles (TS), learning time, motivation and so on (Kulinna, & Cothran, 2003). Regarding TS, there is a lack of knowledge about influence of the TS in the promotion of daily PA. Purpose The first purpose was review the state of the art on pedagogical assessment tools to evaluate TS in PE. The second purpose was to observe the differences of total daily PA and Physical Condition (PC) variables between two groups of adolescents who were taught during two whole academic years using different TS and contents. Method Review: Several databases were used to identify literature that appeared to be relates to the use of TS in PE in elementary and secondary schools. We reviewed publications between 1st of January 1970 up to and including 31th of July 2015. Sample: 176 adolescents wore an Accelerometer (ACL) to record one week of total daily PA at the beginning and at end of course. Four groups of PE classes were taught with two different strategies: Reproduction of Knowledge (RK) and Production of Knowledge (PK), following the classical Spectrum (Mosston, & Ashworth, 2002) and comparing them with a control group that not used a precise TS, Mixed Knowledge (MK). After analyzing ACL data, 91 adolescents (49 boys and 42 girls) obtained valid records (attrition rate = 48,3%). Physical activity assessment: PA was recorded using ACLs (Actigraph GT3X). The inclusion criteria to considerer a complete day would be if it contained ≥ 10 hours for weekdays and ≥ 8 hours for weekend days (Yildirim, 2011). Only participants with ≥ 4 complete days, including one weekend day were included (Holman, Carson, & Jansson, 2011). Repeated measures analysis was carried out in order to compare differences between groups and time effect. Body composition: Height and weight were assessed. Anthropometry was used to estimate body composition (Alvero-Cruz, 2014). Fat Mass Percent (%FM) was calculated with Slaughter equations (Slaughter, 1988), and Fat Free Mass was calculated as [(FFM = Weight - (%FM · Weight))]. Skeletal Muscle Mass (SMM) (Poortmans, 2005; Lee, 2000). Physical Fitness: Strength on Right and Left Hands (RGS and LGS) was measured using a digital handgrip dynamometer (T.K.K.5401, Takei). Lower Limbs Strength (LLS) was measured with an isometric back-leg lift dynamometer (TKK-5002, Psymtec). Results and discussion Review: 526 potentially relevant publications and 373 references related to TS and PE. Physical activity, Body Compositon (BC) and Physical Fitness (PF) assessment: Significant differences were found between RK and MK for MVPA, Fat Mass (FM) and FFM (P < 0.05). Significant differences were found between RK and MK for Maximum Oxygen Uptake (VO2AMax), RGS, LGS, LLS and (P < 0.01). There were significant differences between 3rd and 1st content in ST, Light Physical Activity (LPA), Moderate Physical Activity (MPA), MVPA and Steps (P < 0.05). Conclusions 1. Five specific instruments in regard with TS using during PE lessons were found. 2. Our main finding related with PA was that PA patterns (minutes per day at specific intensities) were affected by change in TS. The PA volume and intensity levels varied based on different content and TS. Specifically, PK group raised significantly all PA daily patterns except sedentary time after one-academic year. Regarding to RK and MK, there were significant differences between these TS for VPA, MVPA and steps

Desarrollo de estrategias de aprendizaje de elaboración de autopreguntas a través de las TIC con alumnos de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria

El presente trabajo, en primer lugar, aborda los aspectos más teóricos acerca de las estrategias de aprendizaje, en concreto de las estrategias de aprendizaje de elaboración y, dentro de los distintos tipos existentes dentro de estas últimas, las autopreguntas. Además, se profundiza en distintos aspectos teóricos como son las estrategias dentro de la legislación educativa española, el desarrollo evolutivo en la adolescencia y su relación con estas, las variables relacionadas con las estrategias, la evaluación y mejora de las estrategias de aprendizaje y por último, se abordan las TIC en la actualidad y su utilidad para el trabajo de estas estrategias. A partir de esta revisión bibliográfica se plantea una propuesta de un programa de intervención centrada en el trabajo de las estrategias de aprendizaje de elaboración de autopreguntas a través de las TIC en un total de 5 sesiones. El objetivo principal de este programa es proporcionar herramientas tecnológicas al alumnado para la elaboración de autopreguntas y, de esta manera, facilitar y mejorar su proceso de codificación de la información, así como su rendimiento académico. Finalmente, una vez desarrollada esta propuesta de intervención basada en todos los conocimientos teóricos descubiertos hasta la actualidad, se sacan diversas conclusiones enfocadas en la importancia del trabajo de las estrategias de aprendizaje junto al alumnado de Educación Secundaria y su carácter esencial a la hora de mejorar el rendimiento académico de los/las adolescentes.The present work, in the first place, addresses the most theoretical aspects about learning strategies, specifically elaboration learning strategies and, within the different types existing within the latter, self-questions. In addition, different theoretical aspects are deepened, such as the strategies within the Spanish educational legislation, the evolutionary development in adolescence and its relationship with these, the variables related to the strategies, the evaluation and improvement of learning strategies and finally , ICTs are addressed today and their usefulness for the work of these strategies. Based on this bibliographical review, a proposal is made for an intervention program focused on the work of learning strategies for preparing self-questions through ICT in a total of 5 sessions. The main objective of this program is to provide students with technological tools to prepare self-questions and, in this way, facilitate and improve their information coding process, as well as their academic performance. Finally, once this intervention proposal has been developed based on all the theoretical knowledge discovered to date, various conclusions are drawn focused on the importance of working on learning strategies with Secondary Education students and their essent ial nature when it comes to improving the academic performance of adolescents.Departamento de PsicologíaMáster en Profesor de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanzas de Idioma

High volume-per-dose and low resistivity of cobalt nanowires grown by Ga+ focused ion beam induced deposition

The growth of ferromagnetic nanostructures by means of focused-Ga+-beam-induced deposition (Ga+-FIBID) using the Co2(CO)8 precursor has been systematically investigated. The work aimed to obtain growth conditions allowing for the simultaneous occurrence of high growth speed, good lateral resolution, low electrical resistivity, and ferromagnetic behavior. As a first result, it has been found that the competition between deposition and milling that is produced by the Ga+ beam is a limiting factor. In our working conditions, with the maximum available precursor flux, the maximum deposit thickness has been found to be 65 nm. The obtained volumetric growth rate is at least 50 times higher than in the case of deposition by focused-electron-beam-induced deposition. The lateral resolution of the deposits can be as good as 50 nm while using Ga+-beam currents lower than 10 pA. The high metallic content of the as-grown deposits gives rise to a low electrical resistivity, within the range 20-40 µ¿cm. Magnetic measurements confirm the ferromagnetic nature of the deposits at room temperature. In conclusion, the set of obtained results indicates that the growth of functional ferromagnetic nanostructures by Ga+-FIBID while using the Co2(CO)8 precursor is a viable and competitive technique when compared to related nanofabrication techniques

Análisis de la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad intelectual: Un estudio comparativo entre gitanos y no gitanos

Nuestro estudio se deriva de la necesidad de evaluar las áreas que influyen en la calidad de vida de las personas gitanas con discapacidad intelectual, en comparación con los no gitanos, con el fin de planificar los apoyos necesarios para mejorarla. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo cuasi-experimental, con base en los datos proporcionados por informantes cualificados, trabajadores sociales, de siete centros de discapacidad intelectual de Valladolid y Segovia (España). Mediante el uso de la escala Gencat evaluamos la calidad de vida de la muestra dividida en dos grupos de 32 personas con discapacidad intelectual cada uno, uno de etnia gitana y el otro de etnia no gitana. Comparamos las dimensiones y el índice de la calidad de vida entre gitanos y no gitanos, y también las diferencias por género para ambos grupos. Llegamos a la conclusión de que la mejora de la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad intelectual de etnia gitana requiere acciones que muestren un impacto significativo en las dimensiones de: bienestar emocional, relaciones interpersonales, bienestar material y la inclusión social.  </p

Aspectos laborales de la nueva Ley de Extranjería

El presente artículo tiene por objeto dar a conocer los aspectos fundamentalmente laborales relacionados con el fenómeno de la extranjería a raíz de la entrada en vigor de la Ley 4/2000, de 11 de enero, sobre derechos y libertades de los extranjeros en España y su integración social. Se trata de efectuar un recorrido por los derechos laborales de los extranjeros en España, su entrada, tramitación de los permisos de trabajo, el llamado «contingente» o cupo anual y el proceso de regularización que actualmente realiza la Administración

Situación actual de la Ley de Extranjería. Aspectos laborales

El artículo pretende trasmitir una idea clara de cómo queda el sistema legal de extranjería tras la reforma y la contrarreforma. En primer lugar se reseña una breve introducción histórica que nos hace comprender que la materia de extranjería ha sido una materia estable con variaciones mínimas, dentro del sistema jurídico español, que encuentra su punto de inflexión en el momento en que España pasa a ser un país receptor de inmigrantes. A partir de ese momento, el armazón jurídico es cambiante dominando más el criterio político que el criterio de seguridad jurídica. En segundo lugar se analizan las diferencias entre la LO 4/2000, de 11 de enero, y la LO 8/2000, de 22 de diciembre, sabiendo que la segunda modifica ampliamente la primera, dando como resultado una nueva Ley de Extranjería con principios totalmente diferentes. En este análisis se quiere dar una visión general, ya que un análisis pormenorizado corresponde a obras con vocación de manual. En tercer lugar se profundiza en la regulación de los derechos laborales, la regulación del trabajo de los extranjeros, tramitación de los permisos y la incidencia del Real Decreto-Ley 5/2001, de 2 de marzo, de Medidas Urgentes de Reforma del Mercado de Trabajo para el incremento del empleo y la mejora de su calidad (BOE 3 de marzo de 2001), convalidado por Resolución de 15 de marzo de 2001 del Congreso de los Diputados (BOE 24 de marzo de 2001). Por último se estudia el sistema de infracciones y sanciones, de amplia trascendencia tanto para la vida del extranjero como para el acceso a la obtención de permisos de trabajo y renovación de los mismos. Nos detenemos especialmente en las infracciones de carácter laboral y en los delitos contra los trabajadores extranjeros

Trend di ospedalizzazione nell’asma dell’adulto: effetto di età e genere

Background: Hospital admissions due to asthma are a reliable source of information on the morbidity of the disease which, after the increase observed in the last quarter of the last century, shows a declining trend in the last few years. The aim of this study was to look at hospital admission trends due to asthma in our community and analyze some of its associated factors. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all hospital admissions involving adults aged 15 years and older with asthma as the primary or secondary diagnosis (if the first diagnosis was respiratory failure or respiratory infection) in Public Health Service hospitals in the Galician region of Spain between the years 1995-2009 (total 24,766 admissions). Results: The majority of patients admitted were female (71%), over 60 years of age (64%), and admission occurred predominantly in the winter months. The hospitalization rate due to asthma tripled over the period studied, this being mainly accounted for by women aged over 60 years. Mean hospital stay was 9.2 days, longer in older patients or those admitted over the weekend. Conclusions: A significant increase in hospital admissions due to asthma over the last few years has been observed in our community, mainly involving older women. The mean stay seems long, increasing with patients' age and admission over the weekend.Razionale: I ricoveri ospedalieri dovuti ad asma sono una fonte d’informazione attendibile sulla morbilità della patologia che, dopo un incremento osservato nell’ultimo quarto del secolo scorso, è in fase di declino negli ultimi anni. Scopo di questo studio era descrivere i trend di ospedalizzazione per asma nella nostra comunità ed analizzare alcuni dei fattori associati. Metodi: Analisi retrospettiva di tutte le ospedalizzazioni di adulti dai 15 anni in su per asma come diagnosi primaria, o come diagnosi secondaria in caso la prima diagnosi fosse insufficienza respiratoria o un’infezione respiratoria, in ospedali pubblici della regione Galizia della Spagna tra gli anni 1995 e 2009 (totale dei ricoveri: 24.766). Risultati: La maggioranza dei pazienti ricoverati erano femmine (71%), di età superiore a 60 anni (64%) e la maggior parte degli accessi avveniva nella stagione invernale. Il tasso di ospedalizzazione per asma è triplicato nel periodo studiato, soprattutto per le donne di età superiore a 60 anni. La durata media del ricovero era di 9,2 giorni, più prolungata nei pazienti più anziani ed in coloro che erano ricoverati nel fine settimana. Conclusioni: Un significativo incremento delle ospedalizzazioni per asma negli ultimi anni è stato osservato nella nostra comunità, soprattutto a carico delle donne più anziane. La durata media del ricovero appare lunga ed aumenta con l’età del paziente e nei ricoveri del fine settimana.S

Participatory action research in the university teaching methodology. An innovation experience from a gender perspective

Las metodologías participativas en el ámbito docente universitario tienen especial relevancia considerando las últimas reformas legislativas en torno a los Espacios Europeos de Educación Superior (EEES). En este artículo se analizan las dinámicas de participación del alumnado y el profesorado universitario desde un enfoque de género dentro del marco de un proyecto de innovación docente, aplicado en diversas asignaturas y facultades de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid en el curso 2019-20. La metodología de esta iniciativa parte de un proceso de investigación acción participativa (IAP), que se ha desarrollado en tres fases: observación, autorreflexiones y propuestas de transformación. Tras el análisis de las dinámicas de clase, se ha evidenciado que existen desigualdades en la participación del alumnado en función del género, y a partir de éstas se proponen estrategias de mejora que promuevan una formación del profesorado universitario en igualdad.Participatory methodologies in the university teaching field have special relevance considering the latest legislative reforms around the European Higher Education Spaces (EHEA). This article analyzes the dynamics of participation of students and university teachers from a gender perspective within the framework of a teaching innovation project, applied in various subjects and faculties of the Complutense University of Madrid (2019-20). The methodology of this initiative is based on a participatory action research (IAP) process, which has been developed in three phases: observation, self-reflections and transformation proposals. After the analysis of class dynamics, it has been shown that there are inequalities in the participation of students according to gender and from these, improvement strategies are proposed that promote a training of university teachers in equality.Depto. de Estudios EducativosFac. de EducaciónTRUEUniversidad Complutense de Madrid/Banco de Santanderpu

La Investigación-acción participativa en la metodología docente universitaria. Una experiencia de innovación desde la perspectiva de género

Participatory methodologies in the university teaching field have special relevance considering the latest legislative reforms around the European Higher Education Spaces (EHEA). This article analyzes the dynamics of participation of students and university teachers from a gender perspective within the framework of a teaching innovation project, applied in various subjects and faculties of the Complutense University of Madrid (2019-20). The methodology of this initiative is based on a participatory action research (IAP) process, which has been developed in three phases: observation, self-reflections and transformation proposals. After the analysis of class dynamics, it has been shown that there are inequalities in the participation of students according to gender and from these, improvement strategies are proposed that promote a training of university teachers in equality.Las metodologías participativas en el ámbito docente universitario tienen especial relevancia considerando las últimas reformas legislativas en torno a los Espacios Europeos de Educación Superior (EEES). En este artículo se analizan las dinámicas de participación del alumnado y el profesorado universitario desde un enfoque de género dentro del marco de un proyecto de innovación docente, aplicado en diversas asignaturas y facultades de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid en el curso 2019-20. La metodología de esta iniciativa parte de un proceso de investigación acción participativa (IAP), que se ha desarrollado en tres fases: observación, autorreflexiones y propuestas de transformación. Tras el análisis de las dinámicas de clase, se ha evidenciado que existen desigualdades en la participación del alumnado en función del género, y a partir de éstas se proponen estrategias de mejora que promuevan una formación del profesorado universitario en igualdad.Participatory methodologies in the university teaching field have special relevance considering the latest legislative reforms around the European Higher Education Spaces (EHEA). This article analyzes the dynamics of participation of students and university teachers from a gender perspective within the framework of a teaching innovation project, applied in various subjects and faculties of the Complutense University of Madrid (2019-20). The methodology of this initiative is based on a participatory action research (IAP) process, which has been developed in three phases: observation, self-reflections and transformation proposals. After the analysis of class dynamics, it has been shown that there are inequalities in the participation of students according to gender and from these, improvement strategies are proposed that promote a training of university teachers in equality