Disputas por el gobierno de indígenas en la antigua Comisaría del Vaupés, 1960-1968

The aim of this paper is to analyze the struggles off the ways to govern the indigenous peoples of the Comisaría del Vaupés (Colombia). These struggles are approached by the analysis of the dispute about indigenous work regulation that took place between rubber businessmen, local government employees, and catholic missionaries in the context of rubber exploitations between 1960 and 1970. The argument is made from the analysis of archival sources and it is presented in three sections. In the first one I expose the rubber businessmen arguments to justify the relevance of their industry for both the region’s economic development and the “civilization” of native populations. In the second section I reconstruct the main arguments of those social actors struggle over indigenous people hiring. Finally, the article closes with the analysis of the Declaration de Miraflores, a statement published in Colombian national press by the catholic missionaries to denounce rubber businessmen abuses in the region.En este artículo se reconstruyen, a partir de documentos de archivo, los ejes argumentativos de las disputas entre caucheros, misioneros y funcionarios alrededor de la regulación del trabajo indígena en el contexto de la explotación cauchera, como una manera de entender las discusiones existentes en las décadas de 1960 y 1970, sobre el gobierno de la población indígena de la antigua Comisaría del Vaupés. Dicha reconstrucción se realiza en tres apartados. En el primero se presenta la justificación, desde los caucheros, de la importancia de la industria del caucho para el progreso de la Comisaría y su influencia en el proceso de civilización de los indígenas. Enseguida, las querellas entre los tres actores sociales sobre la contratación de indígenas. Por último, el texto aborda el cierre de la disputas, a partir del análisis de la denominada Declaración de Miraflores, documento publicado por los misioneros católicos en la prensa colombiana en el que se denunciaron los abusos de los caucheros en la región

Case report: differential genomics and evolution of a meningeal melanoma treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab

Primary melanocytic tumors of the CNS are extremely rare conditions, encompassing different disease processes including meningeal melanoma and meningeal melanocytosis. Its incidence range between 3-5%, with approximately 0.005 cases per 100,000 people. Tumor biological behavior is commonly aggressive, with poor prognosis and very low survivability, and a high recurrence rate, even after disease remission with multimodal treatments. Specific genetic alterations involving gene transcription, alternative splicing, RNA translation, and cell proliferation are usually seen, affecting genes like BRAF, TERT, GNAQ, SF3B1, and EIF1AX. Here we present an interesting case of a 59-year-old male presenting with neurologic symptoms and a further confirmed diagnosis of primary meningeal melanoma. Multiple therapy lines were used, including radiosurgery, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. The patient developed two relapses and an evolving genetic makeup that confirmed the disease’s clonal origin. We also provide a review of the literature on the genetic basis of primary melanocytic tumors of the CNS.Primary melanocytic tumors of the CNS are extremely rare conditions, encompassing different disease processes including meningeal melanoma and meningeal melanocytosis. Its incidence range between 3-5%, with approximately 0.005 cases per 100,000 people. Tumor biological behavior is commonly aggressive, with poor prognosis and very low survivability, and a high recurrence rate, even after disease remission with multimodal treatments. Specific genetic alterations involving gene transcription, alternative splicing, RNA translation, and cell proliferation are usually seen, affecting genes like BRAF, TERT, GNAQ, SF3B1, and EIF1AX. Here we present an interesting case of a 59-year-old male presenting with neurologic symptoms and a further confirmed diagnosis of primary meningeal melanoma. Multiple therapy lines were used, including radiosurgery, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. The patient developed two relapses and an evolving genetic makeup that confirmed the disease’s clonal origin. We also provide a review of the literature on the genetic basis of primary melanocytic tumors of the CNS

CSVS, a crowdsourcing database of the Spanish population genetic variability

The knowledge of the genetic variability of the local population is of utmost importance in personalized medicine and has been revealed as a critical factor for the discovery of new disease variants. Here, we present the Collaborative Spanish Variability Server (CSVS), which currently contains more than 2000 genomes and exomes of unrelated Spanish individuals. This database has been generated in a collaborative crowdsourcing effort collecting sequencing data produced by local genomic projects and for other purposes. Sequences have been grouped by ICD10 upper categories. A web interface allows querying the database removing one or more ICD10 categories. In this way, aggregated counts of allele frequencies of the pseudo-control Spanish population can be obtained for diseases belonging to the category removed. Interestingly, in addition to pseudo-control studies, some population studies can be made, as, for example, prevalence of pharmacogenomic variants, etc. In addition, this genomic data has been used to define the first Spanish Genome Reference Panel (SGRP1.0) for imputation. This is the first local repository of variability entirely produced by a crowdsourcing effort and constitutes an example for future initiatives to characterize local variabilityworldwide. CSVS is also part of the GA4GH Beacon network.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness SAF2017-88908-R PT17/0009/0006 PI19/00321 CIBERER ACCI-06/07/0036 PI14-948 PI171659Regional Government of Madrid, RAREGenomicsCM B2017/BMD3721 B2017/BMD-3721European Union (EU)European Union (EU) 676559University Chair UAM-IIS-FJD of Genomic MedicineRamon Areces Foundatio

Normothermic regional perfusion vs. super-rapid recovery in controlled donation after circulatory death liver transplantation

[Background & Aims] Although there is increasing interest in its use, definitive evidence demonstrating a benefit for postmortem normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) in controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD) liver transplantation is lacking. The aim of this study was to compare results of cDCD liver transplants performed with postmortem NRP vs. super-rapid recovery (SRR), the current standard for cDCD.[Methods] This was an observational cohort study including all cDCD liver transplants performed in Spain between June 2012 and December 2016, with follow-up ending in December 2017. Each donor hospital determined whether organ recovery was performed using NRP or SRR. The propensity scores technique based on the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to balance covariates across study groups; logistic and Cox regression models were used for binary and time-to-event outcomes.[Results] During the study period, there were 95 cDCD liver transplants performed with postmortem NRP and 117 with SRR. The median donor age was 56 years (interquartile range 45–65 years). After IPTW analysis, baseline covariates were balanced, with all absolute standardised differences <0.15. IPTW-adjusted risks were significantly improved among NRP livers for overall biliary complications (odds ratio 0.14; 95% CI 0.06–0.35, p <0.001), ischaemic type biliary lesions (odds ratio 0.11; 95% CI 0.02–0.57; p = 0.008), and graft loss (hazard ratio 0.39; 95% CI 0.20–0.78; p = 0.008).[Conclusions] The use of postmortem NRP in cDCD liver transplantation appears to reduce postoperative biliary complications, ischaemic type biliary lesions and graft loss, and allows for the transplantation of livers even from cDCD donors of advanced age.[Lay summary] This is a propensity-matched nationwide observational cohort study performed using livers recovered from donors undergoing cardiac arrest provoked by the intentional withdrawal of life support (controlled donation after circulatory death, cDCD). Approximately half of the livers were recovered after a period of postmortem in situ normothermic regional perfusion, which restored warm oxygenated blood to the abdominal organs, whereas the remainder were recovered after rapid preservation with a cold solution. The study results suggest that the use of postmortem normothermic regional perfusion helps reduce rates of post-transplant biliary complications and graft loss and allows for the successful transplantation of livers from older cDCD donors.Peer reviewe

Reseña de Urban cosmopolitics. Agencements, assemblies, atmospheres

El libro que presentan al público Anders Blok e Ignacio Farías se inscribe en los debates contemporáneos sobre las posibilidades analíticas que ofrece la Teoría del Actor-Red (TAR) al campo de los estudios urbanos. Este reúne en 10 capítulos el trabajo de 16 investigadores, quienes contribuyen al estudio de las problemáticas urbanas desde la antropología (8), la sociología (4), la geografía (3) y la arquitectura (1). La mayor parte de los autores escriben desde Europa (Alemania, Reino Unido, Francia y España), con excepción de uno que lo hace desde la academia estadounidense y otros dos que lo hacen en colaboración entre investigadores de Chile y Reino Unido.El libro que presentan al público Anders Blok e Ignacio Farías se inscribe en los debates contemporáneos sobre las posibilidades analíticas que ofrece la Teoría del Actor-Red (TAR) al campo de los estudios urbanos. Este reúne en 10 capítulos el trabajo de 16 investigadores, quienes contribuyen al estudio de las problemáticas urbanas desde la antropología (8), la sociología (4), la geografía (3) y la arquitectura (1). La mayor parte de los autores escriben desde Europa (Alemania, Reino Unido, Francia y España), con excepción de uno que lo hace desde la academia estadounidense y otros dos que lo hacen en colaboración entre investigadores de Chile y Reino Unido

Sensibilizando a opinião pública: estratégias mediáticas no Programa de atenção humanitária de emergência social no povo Nukak-Makú

Este artículo propone un estudio de las representaciones sociales creadas por el Estado colombiano que han sido destinadas a modificar la opinión pública en Guaviare sobre los grupos Nukak-makú que se encuentran en situación de desplazamiento forzado. Se describe el contexto de producción de la campaña de medios creada por el gobierno colombiano con este objetivo y se realiza un análisis de contenido de sus productos. La campaña fue realizada entre 2006 y 2007 y constituyó una de las acciones del Plan de Atención Humanitaria de Emergencia destinada a solucionar la situación de los nukak desplazados forzosamente.This paper proposes an inquiry into the social representations produced by the Colombian State in order to modify public opinion about the Nukak-Makú groups victims of war in Guaviare region. The paper describes the context in which the government designed media strategy emerge, and propose a content analysis of the campaign messages. This Campaign took place between 2006 and 2007 and the government forcefully considered it as part of the aid actions of the Nukak’s Emergency Humanitarian Assistance Plan.Este artigo propõe um estudo das representações sociais criadas pelo Estado colombiano que têm sido encaminhadas a mudar a opinião pública em Guaviare sobre os grupos Nukak-Maku que encontram-se em situação de deslocamento forçado. Se descreve o contexto de produção da campanha de mídia criada pelo governo colombiano com este alvo e se realiza uma análise de conteúdo de seus produtos. A campanha foi realizada entre 2006 e 2007 e constituiu uma das ações do Programa de atenção humanitária de emergência encaminhada a resolver a situação dos Nukak deslocados forçosamente