A SAÚDE PÚBLICA E A LUTA PARA QUE A POPULAÇÃO SEJA IMUNIZADA

This article reports the importance of vaccines in the prevention of diseases that can be prevented if the patient has been vaccinated against a given disease. The aim of this article is to describe the current situation of public health, mainly to make people aware of the need and importance of vaccines. The article reflects the situation of individuals who have difficulty in contacting medical services due to inaccessible places. The method used in this study was obtained from qualitative data, obtained from an online form, where the interviewees answered their position on vaccination. After the analysis by this means, it can be determined that the interviewees believe that vaccination is important to prevent diseases and that it also helps to reduce the spread of them. The conclusion of the form's answers is that most of the interviewees believe that the vaccination campaign is positive, which is a result of vital importance for society, because it is a current topic, due to the pandemic to which we are due to the new Covid 19. Scientists are working together to find a new vaccine that can be used, so that individuals are biologically prepared to resist this virus.Este artículo informa sobre la importancia de las vacunas en la prevención de enfermedades que se pueden prevenir si el paciente ha sido vacunado contra una enfermedad en particular. El propósito de este artículo es describir la situación actual de la salud pública, principalmente para concienciar a las personas sobre la necesidad e importancia de las vacunas. El artículo refleja la situación de las personas que tienen dificultades para contactar con los servicios médicos debido a lugares inaccesibles. El método utilizado en este estudio se obtuvo a partir de datos cualitativos, obtenidos de un formulario en línea, donde los encuestados respondieron su posición sobre la vacunación. Luego del análisis por este medio, se puede determinar que los entrevistados creen que la vacunación es importante para prevenir enfermedades y que también ayuda a reducir su propagación. La conclusión de las respuestas al formulario es que la mayoría de los encuestados cree que la campaña de vacunación es positiva, lo cual es un resultado de vital importancia para la sociedad, ya que es un tema de actualidad, debido a la pandemia a la que nos encontramos a causa de la nuevo Covid 19. Los científicos están trabajando juntos para encontrar una nueva vacuna que pueda usarse, de modo que las personas estén preparadas biológicamente para resistir este virus.Este artigo relata a importância das vacinas na prevenção de doenças que podem ser prevenidas se o paciente tiver sido vacinado contra uma determinada doença. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever a situação atual da saúde pública, principalmente para conscientizar as pessoas sobre a necessidade e a importância das vacinas. O artigo reflete a situação de indivíduos que têm dificuldade em entrar em contato com serviços médicos devido a lugares inacessíveis. O método utilizado neste estudo foi obtido a partir de dados qualitativos, obtidos a partir de um formulário online, onde os entrevistados responderam sua posição sobre a vacinação. Após a análise por esse meio, pode-se determinar que os entrevistados acreditam que a vacinação é importante para prevenir doenças e que também ajuda a reduzir a propagação das mesmas. A conclusão das respostas do formulário é que a maioria dos entrevistados acreditam que a campanha de vacinação é positiva, o que se configura em um resultado de vital importância para a sociedade, pois é um tópico atual, devido à pandemia ao qual nos encontramos por conta do novo Covid 19. Cientistas estão em conjunto para encontrar uma nova vacina que possa ser usada, para que os indivíduos estejam biologicamente preparados para resistir a esse vírus

OS DESAFIOS DA GESTÃO PÚBLICA NA SAÚDE

Public health management is a theme of great relevance to society because it directly interferes in a sector considered as a basic need for the population. The challenges in relation to public health management in Brazil are immense and represent a field of constant clashes in the administration in all spheres of government. The aim of this study was to discuss public health management in Brazil and the research sources for this study were Google Scholar and Scielo database, prioritizing recent publications, mostly from the last ten years. It was concluded that health management is permeated by several historical, political, social and economic factors, and popular participation is extremely important, especially in order to guarantee a right acquired through struggles signed over the decades. La gestión de la salud pública es un tema de gran relevancia para la sociedad porque interfiere directamente en un sector considerado como una necesidad básica para la población. Los desafíos en relación con la gestión de la salud pública en Brasil son inmensos y representan un campo de constantes enfrentamientos en la administración en todas las esferas del gobierno. El objetivo de este estudio fue discutir la gestión de la salud pública en Brasil y las fuentes de investigación para este estudio fueron Google Scholar y la base de datos Scielo, priorizando publicaciones recientes, en su mayoría de los últimos diez años. Se concluyó que la gestión de la salud está permeada por varios factores históricos, políticos, sociales y económicos, y la participación popular es sumamente importante, especialmente para garantizar un derecho adquirido a través de luchas firmadas a lo largo de las décadas.   A gestão pública em saúde é um tema de grande relevância para a sociedade pois interfere diretamente em um setor considerado como necessidade básica para a população. Os desafios em relação à gestão pública em saúde no Brasil são imensos e representam um campo de constantes embates na administração em todas as esferas de governo. O objetivo deste estudo foi discutir sobre a gestão pública em saúde no Brasil e as fontes de pesquisa para este estudo foram o Google Acadêmico e base de dados da Scielo, priorizando publicação recentes, majoritariamente dos últimos dez anos. Concluiu-se que a gestão em saúde é perpassada por diversos fatores históricos, políticos, sociais e econômicos, sendo de extrema importância a participação popular principalmente no sentido de garantir um direito adquirido através de lutas firmadas ao longo das décadas.&nbsp

Fine‐Tuning the Photophysics of Donor‐Acceptor (D‐A 3 ) Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Using Isomerisation

Here two D–A3 regioisomers, comprising three dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide acceptor units attached to a central triazatruxene core, are studied. Both molecules show thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), however, the efficiency of the TADF mechanism is strongly affected by the D–A substitution position. The meta- substituted emitter (1 b) shows a slightly higher-lying singlet charge transfer state and a lower-lying triplet state than that observed in the para- substituted emitter (1 a), resulting in a larger singlet–triplet splitting (ΔEST) of 0.28 eV compared to only 0.01 eV found in 1 a. As expected, this ΔEST difference strongly impacts the reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) rates and the para- isomer 1 a exhibits a much faster delayed fluorescence emission. Calculations show that the triplet energy difference between the two isomers is due to steric hindrance variances along the donor–acceptor rotation axis in these molecules: as 1 b is less restricted, rotation of its acceptor unit leads to a lower T1 energy, further away from the region of high density of states (the region where larger vibronic coupling is found, favouring rISC). Therefore, our results show how the substitution pattern has a marked effect on triplet state energies and character, verifying the key structural designs for highly efficient TADF materials

Magneto-optical trapping of bosonic and fermionic neon isotopes and their mixtures: isotope shift of the ^3P_2 to ^3D_3 transition and hyperfine constants of the ^3D_3 state of Ne-21

We have magneto-optically trapped all three stable neon isotopes, including the rare Ne-21, and all two-isotope combinations. The atoms are prepared in the metastable ^3P_2 state and manipulated via laser interaction on the ^3P_2 to ^3D_3} transition at 640.2nm. These cold (T = 1mK) and environmentally decoupled atom samples present ideal objects for precision measurements and the investigation of interactions between cold and ultracold metastable atoms. In this work, we present accurate measurements of the isotope shift of the ^3P_2 to ^3D_3 transition and the hyperfine interaction constants of the ^3D_3 state of Ne-21. The determined isotope shifts are (1625.9\pm0.15)MHz for Ne-20 to Ne-22, (855.7\pm1.0)MHz for Ne-20 to Ne-21, and (770.3\pm1.0)MHz for Ne-21 to Ne-22. The obtained magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole hyperfine interaction constants are A(^3D_3)= (-142.4\pm0.2)MHz and B(^3D_3)=(-107.7\pm1.1)MHz, respectively. All measurements give a reduction of uncertainty by about one order of magnitude over previous measurements

NÃO SÓ DE VERBO TO BE (SOBRE)VIVE O ENSINO DA LÍNGUA INGLESA: PIBID COMO EXPERIÊNCIA PARA A REINVENÇÃO DE PRÁTICAS E POSIÇÕES NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA

O presente estudo objetiva discutir os impactos de ações desenvolvidas pelo PIBID-Inglês em duas escolas públicas das cidades de Diamantina e Gouveia / MG. A investigação estará especialmente focada na análise dos impactos da implementação do subprojeto na vida de seus participantes, isto é, duas professoras e dez alunos da graduação de uma universidade federal do estado de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, serão analisados excertos de diários de campo escritos pelos participantes durante o primeiro ano do subprojeto. Teoricamente, nosso estudo está baseado em discussões em torno da formação de professores de línguas, identidade e experiência.  A investigação é de cunho qualitativo e é conduzida dentro dos princípios da análise de discurso (ORLANDI, 1999). Os resultados indicam o PIBID, nas ações e relações aí estabelecidas, como experiência capaz de fazer com que seus sujeitos (re)signifiquem posições e identidades, promovendo avanços no ensino-aprendizagem da língua inglesa (LI)

Mutation of the surface layer protein SlpB has pleiotropic effects in the probiotic propionibacterium freudenreichii CIRM-BIA 129

Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a beneficial Gram-positive bacterium, traditionally used as a cheese-ripening starter, and currently considered as an emerging probiotic. As an example, the P. freudenreichii CIRM-BIA 129 strain recently revealed promising immunomodulatory properties. Its consumption accordingly exerts healing effects in different animal models of colitis, suggesting a potent role in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases. This anti-inflammatory effect depends on surface layer proteins (SLPs). SLPs may be involved in key functions in probiotics, such as persistence within the gut, adhesion to host cells and mucus, or immunomodulation. Several SLPs coexist in P. freudenreichii CIRM-BIA 129 and mediate immunomodulation and adhesion. A mutant P. freudenreichii CIRM-BIA 129ΔslpB (CB129ΔslpB) strain was shown to exhibit decreased adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells. In the present study, we thoroughly analyzed the impact of this mutation on cellular properties. Firstly, we investigated alterations of surface properties in CB129ΔslpB. Surface extractable proteins, surface charges (ζ-potential) and surface hydrophobicity were affected by the mutation. Whole-cell proteomics, using high definition mass spectrometry, identified 1,288 quantifiable proteins in the wild-type strain, i.e., 53% of the theoretical proteome predicted according to P. freudenreichii CIRM-BIA 129 genome sequence. In the mutant strain, we detected 1,252 proteins, including 1,227 proteins in common with the wild-type strain. Comparative quantitative analysis revealed 97 proteins with significant differences between wild-type and mutant strains. These proteins are involved in various cellular process like signaling, metabolism, and DNA repair and replication. Finally, in silico analysis predicted that slpB gene is not part of an operon, thus not affecting the downstream genes after gene knockout. This study, in accordance with the various roles attributed in the literature to SLPs, revealed a pleiotropic effect of a single slpB mutation, in the probiotic P. freudenreichii. This suggests that SlpB may be at a central node of cellular processes and confirms that both nature and amount of SLPs, which are highly variable within the P. freudenreichii species, determine the probiotic abilities of strains.Fil: do Carmo, Fillipe L. R.. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; BrasilFil: Marques Da Silva, Wanderson. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Tavares, Guilherme C.. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Ibraim, Izabela C.. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; BrasilFil: Cordeiro, Barbara F.. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; BrasilFil: Oliveira, Emiliano R.. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; BrasilFil: Rabah, Houem. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Cauty, Chantal. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: da Silva, Sara H.. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; BrasilFil: Canário Viana, Marcus V.. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; BrasilFil: Caetano, Ana C. B.. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; BrasilFil: dos Santos, Roselane G.. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; BrasilFil: de Oliveira Carvalho, Rodrigo D.. Instituto de Ciencias Da Saúde; BrasilFil: Jardin, Julien. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Pereira, Felipe L.. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Folador, Edson L.. Universidade Estadual da Paraiba; BrasilFil: Le Loir, Yves. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Figueiredo, Henrique C. P.. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Jan, Gwénaël. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Azevedo, Vasco. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Brasi

Response of high-risk of recurrence/progression bladder tumours expressing sialyl-Tn and sialyl-6-T to BCG immunotherapy

High risk of recurrence/progression bladder tumours is treated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy after complete resection of the tumour. Approximately 75% of these tumours express the uncommon carbohydrate antigen sialyl-Tn (Tn), a surrogate biomarker of tumour aggressiveness. Such changes in the glycosylation of cell-surface proteins influence tumour microenvironment and immune responses that may modulate treatment outcome and the course of disease. The aim of this work is to determine the efficiency of BCG immunotherapy against tumours expressing sTn and sTn-related antigen sialyl-6-T (s6T). METHODS: In a retrospective design, 94 tumours from patients treated with BCG were screened for sTn and s6T expression. In vitro studies were conducted to determine the interaction of BCG with high-grade bladder cancer cell line overexpressing sTn. RESULTS: From the 94 cases evaluated, 36 had recurrence after BCG treatment (38.3%). Treatment outcome was influenced by age over 65 years (HR=2.668; (1.344-5.254); P=0.005), maintenance schedule (HR=0.480; (0.246-0.936); P=0.031) and multifocality (HR=2.065; (1.033-4.126); P=0.040). sTn or s6T expression was associated with BCG response (P=0.024; P<0.0001) and with increased recurrence-free survival (P=0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that sTn and/or s6T were independent predictive markers of recurrence after BCG immunotherapy (HR=0.296; (0.148-0.594); P=0.001). In vitro studies demonstrated higher adhesion and internalisation of the bacillus to cells expressing sTn, promoting cell death. CONCLUSION: s6T is described for the first time in bladder tumours. Our data strongly suggest that BCG immunotherapy is efficient against sTn- and s6T-positive tumours. Furthermore, sTn and s6T expression are independent predictive markers of BCG treatment response and may be useful in the identification of patients who could benefit more from this immunotherapy

Data report: evaluation of shipboard magnetostratigraphy by alternating field demagnetization of discrete samples, Expedition 361, Site U1475

The paleomagnetic shipboard data of International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1475, with a record reaching back to approximately 7 Ma, allowed for the identification of major magnetic polarity chrons and subchrons back to ~3.5 Ma. However, the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) was very weak, and transitional intervals with unclear polarity were as thick as several meters. The midpoints of these transitional intervals were reported in the shipboard results without decimal places because of the poor data quality. To evaluate and possibly refine the shipboard magnetostratigraphy, subsampling was performed across the polarity transitions. Detailed alternating field (AF) demagnetization experiments were conducted on these discrete samples and were complemented by anhysteretic remanent magnetization acquisition measurements and subsequent demagnetization. AF demagnetization data of NRM were analyzed using anchored principal component analysis (PCA) to obtain the characteristic remanent magnetization. These PCA results generally confirm the smoothed signal across polarity transitions at Site U1475. However, the midpoint depths of the top of the Keana Subchron, the Gauss-Matuyama and Matuyama-Brunhes boundaries, and the base of the Olduvai Subchron were adjusted

HIV-2 interaction with cell coreceptors: amino acids within the V1/V2 region of viral envelope are determinant for CCR8, CCR5 and CXCR4 usage

© 2014 Santos-Costa et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.Background: Human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) use cellular receptors in distinct ways. Besides a more promiscuous usage of coreceptors by HIV-2 and a more frequent detection of CD4-independent HIV-2 isolates, we have previously identified two HIV-2 isolates (HIV-2MIC97 and HIV-2MJC97) that do not use the two major HIV coreceptors: CCR5 and CXCR4. All these features suggest that in HIV-2 the Env glycoprotein subunits may have a different structural organization enabling distinct - although probably less efficient - interactions with cellular receptors. Results: By infectivity assays using GHOST cell line expressing CD4 and CCR8 and blocking experiments using CCR8-specific ligand, I-309, we show that efficient replication of HIV-2MIC97 and HIV-2MJC97 requires the presence of CCR8 at plasma cell membrane. Additionally, we disclosed the determinants of chemokine receptor usage at the molecular level, and deciphered the amino acids involved in the usage of CCR8 (R8 phenotype) and in the switch from CCR8 to CCR5 or to CCR5/CXCR4 usage (R5 or R5X4 phenotype). The data obtained from site-directed mutagenesis clearly indicates that the main genetic determinants of coreceptor tropism are located within the V1/V2 region of Env surface glycoprotein of these two viruses. Conclusions: We conclude that a viral population able to use CCR8 and unable to infect CCR5 or CXCR4-positive cells, may exist in some HIV-2 infected individuals during an undefined time period, in the course of the asymptomatic stage of infection. This suggests that in vivo alternate molecules might contribute to HIV infection of natural target cells, at least under certain circumstances. Furthermore we provide direct and unequivocal evidence that the usage of CCR8 and the switch from R8 to R5 or R5X4 phenotype is determined by amino acids located in the base and tip of V1 and V2 loops of HIV-2 Env surface glycoprotein.This work was supported by grants from: Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT; PPCDT/SAU-IMI/55726/2004); Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Ministério da Saúde de Portugal (VIH/SAU/0006/2011); and from Gilead Sciences Portugal (Programa Gilead Génese).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Entendendo a agitação psicomotora na sociedade brasileira: revisão de literatura

Introduction: Psychomotor agitation is a characteristic feature characterized by intense arousal, involving both psychological and motor aspects. This condition can manifest in various ways and is often associated with various mental and neurological disorders. Methodology: This literature review employed a systematic approach to identify relevant studies on psychomotor engineering in hospital settings in Brazil. The descriptors used were Psychomotor Agitation, Psychomotor Hyperactivity, Brazil, Hospitals, Psychiatric. The search was conducted in the PUBMED database, using the search filter for the last 10 years. Result: In the context of non-pharmacological management of the agitated patient, recommendations emphasize the importance of following a line of interventions, prioritizing less invasive measures before resorting to more coercive approaches. The process begins with directing the patient to a secure environment, providing a fundamental basis for improvement management. Conclusion: Psychomotor improvement is a symptom that can significantly impact a person's quality of life. Understanding the underlying causes and implementing an appropriate therapeutic approach are essential for the effective management of this state. The support of mental health professionals is crucial to assist in both the assessment and treatment of this complex condition.Introdução: A agitação psicomotora é uma característica que se caracteriza por uma intensa intensa, envolvendo tanto aspectos psicológicos quanto motores. Esta condição pode se manifestar de várias maneiras e está frequentemente associada a diversos transtornos mentais e neurológicos. Metodologia: Esta revisão bibliográfica utilizou uma abordagem sistemática para identificar estudos relevantes sobre engenharia psicomotora em contextos hospitalares no Brasil. Os descritores utilizados foram Psychomotor Agitation, Psychomotor Hyperactivity, Brazil, Hospitals, Psychiatric. A busca foi conduzida na base de dados PUBMED, utilizando o filtro de pesquisa nos últimos 10 anos. Resultado: No contexto do manejo não farmacológico do paciente agitado, as recomendações ressaltam a importância de seguir uma linha de intervenções, priorizando medidas menos invasivas antes de recorrer a abordagens mais coercitivas. O processo inicia com o encaminhamento do paciente para um ambiente protegido, proporcionando uma base fundamental para a gestão da melhoria. Conclusão: A melhoria psicomotora é um sintoma que pode impactar significativamente a qualidade de vida de uma pessoa. A compreensão das causas subjacentes e a implementação de uma abordagem terapêutica adequada são essenciais para o manejo eficaz desse estado. O suporte de profissionais de saúde mental é fundamental para auxiliar tanto na avaliação quanto no tratamento dessa condição complexa